[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of livestock exclusion on the health of grassland ecosystem accurately and quantitatively. [Method] One open grazing site and five seasonal exclusion sites,...[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of livestock exclusion on the health of grassland ecosystem accurately and quantitatively. [Method] One open grazing site and five seasonal exclusion sites, which had the same vegetation composition （taking Leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii as main species） and soil type, were chosen as research objects for the VOR and CVOR evaluation of the effect of open grazing and livestock exclusion on the health of typical steppes, and for building the calculation model for VOR and CVOR indices to evaluate the health of typical steppes with different exclusion periods. [ Result] The VOR and CVOR composite indices both could accurately evaluate the health of typical steppes, and the evaluation results from the both indices were quite consistent. Although the condition （C）, vigor（V）, organization （O） and resilience（ R ） indices changed differently in different exclusion periods, the VOR and CVOR composite indices increased gradually with the peri- od of exclusion prolonged, and the health condition of typical steppe changed from ＂alert＂ level （in the open grazing and earlier exclusion period） to ＂healthy＂ level （after 13 to 20 years＇exclusion）. [ Conclusion] The application of exclusion was beneficial to the recovery of degraded grassland ecosystem.展开更多
该文介绍了仪表着陆系统(Instrument Landing System,ILS)和甚高频全向信标(Very High Frequency Omni directional Range,VOR)的航空导航系统中重要性,以及应用中的工作原理。通过设计原理进行方案设计,提出一种基于FPGA的地面信号发...该文介绍了仪表着陆系统(Instrument Landing System,ILS)和甚高频全向信标(Very High Frequency Omni directional Range,VOR)的航空导航系统中重要性,以及应用中的工作原理。通过设计原理进行方案设计,提出一种基于FPGA的地面信号发生技术,具有资源利用率高、配置灵活高效等特点,能够产生高精度LOC、GS、MB和VOR基带信号。最后进行了仿真实验,得到各种基带信号的波形图,验证了该技术的可靠和有效。展开更多
Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans.Significant progress has been mad...Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans.Significant progress has been made on the application of PV.In recent decades there has been a substantial amount of work done on PV in a gen-eral moist atmosphere.In this paper PV and the general-ized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and their applica-tion in the tropical cyclones and mesoscale meteorologi-cal field are reviewed.The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither totally dry nor saturated) by intro-ducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature.Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.A new convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in connection with GMPV in order to diagnose the devel-opment of tropical deep convections.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Fundamental Research and Development Fund of China (No.2007CB106800)
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of livestock exclusion on the health of grassland ecosystem accurately and quantitatively. [Method] One open grazing site and five seasonal exclusion sites, which had the same vegetation composition （taking Leymus chinensis and Stipa krylovii as main species） and soil type, were chosen as research objects for the VOR and CVOR evaluation of the effect of open grazing and livestock exclusion on the health of typical steppes, and for building the calculation model for VOR and CVOR indices to evaluate the health of typical steppes with different exclusion periods. [ Result] The VOR and CVOR composite indices both could accurately evaluate the health of typical steppes, and the evaluation results from the both indices were quite consistent. Although the condition （C）, vigor（V）, organization （O） and resilience（ R ） indices changed differently in different exclusion periods, the VOR and CVOR composite indices increased gradually with the peri- od of exclusion prolonged, and the health condition of typical steppe changed from ＂alert＂ level （in the open grazing and earlier exclusion period） to ＂healthy＂ level （after 13 to 20 years＇exclusion）. [ Conclusion] The application of exclusion was beneficial to the recovery of degraded grassland ecosystem.
文摘该文介绍了仪表着陆系统(Instrument Landing System,ILS)和甚高频全向信标(Very High Frequency Omni directional Range,VOR)的航空导航系统中重要性,以及应用中的工作原理。通过设计原理进行方案设计,提出一种基于FPGA的地面信号发生技术,具有资源利用率高、配置灵活高效等特点,能够产生高精度LOC、GS、MB和VOR基带信号。最后进行了仿真实验,得到各种基带信号的波形图,验证了该技术的可靠和有效。
文摘Potential vorticity (PV) has been served as a powerful and useful dynamic tracer for the understanding of the large-scale dynamics and synoptic variations in the atmosphere and oceans.Significant progress has been made on the application of PV.In recent decades there has been a substantial amount of work done on PV in a gen-eral moist atmosphere.In this paper PV and the general-ized moist potential vorticity (GMPV) and their applica-tion in the tropical cyclones and mesoscale meteorologi-cal field are reviewed.The GMPV is derived for a real atmosphere (neither totally dry nor saturated) by intro-ducing a generalized potential temperature instead of the potential temperature or equivalent potential temperature.Such a generalization can depict the moist effect on PV anomaly in the non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.A new convective vorticity vector (CVV) is introduced in connection with GMPV in order to diagnose the devel-opment of tropical deep convections.
