Malaria is considered as one of the main health problem in the Republic of Yemen. In February 2006 National Malaria Control Program started freely distribution of Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLINs) for vulnerable g...Malaria is considered as one of the main health problem in the Republic of Yemen. In February 2006 National Malaria Control Program started freely distribution of Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLINs) for vulnerable groups to malaria infection (pregnant women and children under 5 years). After one year of distribution, there is a need to measure the use rate among vulnerable groups and explore factors affecting their use. The aim of the study was to investigate the use rate of long lasting impregnated nets among children under five years and pregnant women in Al Moneera city and Al Koozi villages of Hodieda governorate. Methodology: Cross section study with multistage sample, Random selection of one urban and one rural locality. 768 housewives were interviewed, proportionally allocated sample according to the number of vulnerable groups in each locality. Systematic random sample to select households. Results: The use rate of LLINs for vulnerable groups was 74.3% CI (71.2 - 77.4). There was no statistically significant association between the use of LLINs and residence, also with ages of housewives, occupation, type of house, but there is strong statistically significant association between use of LLINs and having correct information about how to use and to take care of them P value < 0.001, also with educational status of housewives;P value 0.03 and educational status of fathers;P value 0.01. (84%) have correct information about how to use and take care of LLINs and the main source of information was health workers who distributed them. Only 13.4% realized pregnant women as a vulnerable group to malaria infection while about 77.9% realized children as a vulnerable group to malaria infection. The main reason of LLINs use (84.8%) was protection from nuisance of insects. Conclusion and recommendations: There is shortage in the information about the protective effect of LLINs from malaria infection and the main reason of using them is protection from nuisance of insects. There is a need to increase health awareness about the role of LLINs in malaria prevention.展开更多
Objective: to discuss the investigation of reducing the utilization rate of sterile items and non-standard drugs before and after the development of quality control circle activities. Methods: to pass the relevant kno...Objective: to discuss the investigation of reducing the utilization rate of sterile items and non-standard drugs before and after the development of quality control circle activities. Methods: to pass the relevant knowledge examination of the department;Set up the inspection team, the leader random spot check;Establish base management to avoid excessive retention;Attention was paid to the validity period of eye drops with less frequency to reduce the non-standard utilization rate of sterile items and drugs. Members of the quality control circle in the ward analyzed the reasons and took corresponding measures through brainstorming and various QC methods. Results: reduced the nonstandard utilization rate of sterile items and drugs from 84% to 28%, highlighted business problems and solved them in time. Conclusion: quality control circle has achieved satisfactory results in effectively reducing the utilization rate of sterile items and non-standard drugs, which is worthy of promotion. The ability of all circle members to solve problems, communicate and cooperate, and the degree of harmony has been improved a lot.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fe...[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.展开更多
We demonstrated stable midinfrared(MIR) optical frequency comb at the 3.0 μm region with difference frequency generation pumped by a high power, Er-doped, ultrashort pulse fiber laser system. A soliton mode-locked161...We demonstrated stable midinfrared(MIR) optical frequency comb at the 3.0 μm region with difference frequency generation pumped by a high power, Er-doped, ultrashort pulse fiber laser system. A soliton mode-locked161 MHz high repetition rate fiber laser using a single wall carbon nanotube was fabricated. The output pulse was amplified in an Er-doped single mode fiber amplifier, and a 1.1–2.2 μm wideband supercontinuum(SC) with an average power of 205 m W was generated in highly nonlinear fiber. The spectrogram of the generated SC was examined both experimentally and numerically. The generated SC was focused into a nonlinear crystal, and stable generation of MIR comb around the 3 μm wavelength region was realized.展开更多
The field of ecology has been greatly enhanced by the integration of computational tools and statistical methods,with the programming language R emerging as a pivotal and flexible tool for ecological research.As ecolo...The field of ecology has been greatly enhanced by the integration of computational tools and statistical methods,with the programming language R emerging as a pivotal and flexible tool for ecological research.As ecological studies accelerate,understanding the prevalent trends and specific usage patterns of R in recent research is crucial.This study investigated the use of R and its packages in 125494 scholarly articles published in 40 ecology journals from 2008 to 2023.A total of 52658 articles(42%)designated R as their principal analytical tool,demonstrating a steady linear growth in its utilization from 10.3%in 2008 to 66.9%in 2023.Twelve R packages,including'lme4','vegan','nlme','MuMln','ape','ggplot2','car','mgcv','MAsS','raster','multcomp and'lmerTest',each played a pivotal role in contributing to more than 1000 scholarly articles.The highest usage rate of the'lme4'package indicates that mixed-effect models have a particularly important role in ecological research,and the application of these models has helped ecologists solve many important scientific problems.Journal-specific package preferences aligned with their scientific domains,while the rise in the average number of R packages per article indicates a trend towards more complex and diverse analytical methods in ecology.Our findings reveal a reciprocal relationship between the development of R and ecological research,underscoring the need for collaboration among quantitative ecologists,R developers and ecologists to further advance both the language and the field.Such collaboration will not only enhance the functionality and versatility of R but also provide robust technical support for the continued progress of ecological research.展开更多
文摘Malaria is considered as one of the main health problem in the Republic of Yemen. In February 2006 National Malaria Control Program started freely distribution of Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLINs) for vulnerable groups to malaria infection (pregnant women and children under 5 years). After one year of distribution, there is a need to measure the use rate among vulnerable groups and explore factors affecting their use. The aim of the study was to investigate the use rate of long lasting impregnated nets among children under five years and pregnant women in Al Moneera city and Al Koozi villages of Hodieda governorate. Methodology: Cross section study with multistage sample, Random selection of one urban and one rural locality. 768 housewives were interviewed, proportionally allocated sample according to the number of vulnerable groups in each locality. Systematic random sample to select households. Results: The use rate of LLINs for vulnerable groups was 74.3% CI (71.2 - 77.4). There was no statistically significant association between the use of LLINs and residence, also with ages of housewives, occupation, type of house, but there is strong statistically significant association between use of LLINs and having correct information about how to use and to take care of them P value < 0.001, also with educational status of housewives;P value 0.03 and educational status of fathers;P value 0.01. (84%) have correct information about how to use and take care of LLINs and the main source of information was health workers who distributed them. Only 13.4% realized pregnant women as a vulnerable group to malaria infection while about 77.9% realized children as a vulnerable group to malaria infection. The main reason of LLINs use (84.8%) was protection from nuisance of insects. Conclusion and recommendations: There is shortage in the information about the protective effect of LLINs from malaria infection and the main reason of using them is protection from nuisance of insects. There is a need to increase health awareness about the role of LLINs in malaria prevention.
文摘Objective: to discuss the investigation of reducing the utilization rate of sterile items and non-standard drugs before and after the development of quality control circle activities. Methods: to pass the relevant knowledge examination of the department;Set up the inspection team, the leader random spot check;Establish base management to avoid excessive retention;Attention was paid to the validity period of eye drops with less frequency to reduce the non-standard utilization rate of sterile items and drugs. Members of the quality control circle in the ward analyzed the reasons and took corresponding measures through brainstorming and various QC methods. Results: reduced the nonstandard utilization rate of sterile items and drugs from 84% to 28%, highlighted business problems and solved them in time. Conclusion: quality control circle has achieved satisfactory results in effectively reducing the utilization rate of sterile items and non-standard drugs, which is worthy of promotion. The ability of all circle members to solve problems, communicate and cooperate, and the degree of harmony has been improved a lot.
基金Supported by S&T Development Plan Program of Shandong Province(2014GNC113001)State Key Laboratory for Biology of Crops(2014KF11)S&T Development Plan Program of Tai'an City~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to select the optimal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and provide theoretical references for controlled-release fertilizers use in summer maize. [Method] Long-term controlled-release fertilizers were applied once at sowing summer maize to explore effects on maize growth, yield, economic profits and environment. [Result] Maize yield reduced a little in the treatment group with 60% CRF, and increased in varying degrees in the rest groups in the range of 1.1%-7.4%, and some showed significant differences. [Conclusion] Controlled-release fertilizers can be applied once at the amount of 80% common fertilizer＇s, with con- sideration of maize yield, nitrogen use rate and economic profits, which is beneficial for summer maize application and promotion in North China.
基金Japan Science and Technology Agency(JST)Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)
文摘We demonstrated stable midinfrared(MIR) optical frequency comb at the 3.0 μm region with difference frequency generation pumped by a high power, Er-doped, ultrashort pulse fiber laser system. A soliton mode-locked161 MHz high repetition rate fiber laser using a single wall carbon nanotube was fabricated. The output pulse was amplified in an Er-doped single mode fiber amplifier, and a 1.1–2.2 μm wideband supercontinuum(SC) with an average power of 205 m W was generated in highly nonlinear fiber. The spectrogram of the generated SC was examined both experimentally and numerically. The generated SC was focused into a nonlinear crystal, and stable generation of MIR comb around the 3 μm wavelength region was realized.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grant nos 32271551,42271051,42471054)Jiangsu Social Development Project(grant no.BE2022792)the Metasequoia fund of Nanjing Forestry University.
文摘The field of ecology has been greatly enhanced by the integration of computational tools and statistical methods,with the programming language R emerging as a pivotal and flexible tool for ecological research.As ecological studies accelerate,understanding the prevalent trends and specific usage patterns of R in recent research is crucial.This study investigated the use of R and its packages in 125494 scholarly articles published in 40 ecology journals from 2008 to 2023.A total of 52658 articles(42%)designated R as their principal analytical tool,demonstrating a steady linear growth in its utilization from 10.3%in 2008 to 66.9%in 2023.Twelve R packages,including'lme4','vegan','nlme','MuMln','ape','ggplot2','car','mgcv','MAsS','raster','multcomp and'lmerTest',each played a pivotal role in contributing to more than 1000 scholarly articles.The highest usage rate of the'lme4'package indicates that mixed-effect models have a particularly important role in ecological research,and the application of these models has helped ecologists solve many important scientific problems.Journal-specific package preferences aligned with their scientific domains,while the rise in the average number of R packages per article indicates a trend towards more complex and diverse analytical methods in ecology.Our findings reveal a reciprocal relationship between the development of R and ecological research,underscoring the need for collaboration among quantitative ecologists,R developers and ecologists to further advance both the language and the field.Such collaboration will not only enhance the functionality and versatility of R but also provide robust technical support for the continued progress of ecological research.
