Most studies assessing urine biochemistry for acute kidney injury(AKI)monitoring rely on paradigms from the 1970s.It was proposed that a single measurement of urinary parameters in the presence of increased serum crea...Most studies assessing urine biochemistry for acute kidney injury(AKI)monitoring rely on paradigms from the 1970s.It was proposed that a single measurement of urinary parameters in the presence of increased serum creatinine(sCr)could help understand AKI pathophysiology and predict its duration.However,those studies produced variable and controversial results.Recently,an alternative“urine biochemical approach”has been proposed.In contrast with the traditional approach,it includes sequential urine electrolyte assessment,evaluation before AKI diagnosis,and interpretation of avid sodium retention as a marker of renal microcirculatory stress instead of low renal perfusion.This review highlights the rationale of this alternative approach,which is focused on early urinary biochemical changes that precede increases in sCr as well as signs of renal recovery before decreases in sCr.The relevance of urine composition in conjunction with urine volume for a proper evaluation of renal function is emphasized.This new approach aims to enhance the utility of urinary biochemical parameters in AKI monitoring,particularly in patients who are critically ill.展开更多
Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen an...Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.展开更多
Objective:To explore the predictive value of the combined test of urinary sodium,urinary potassium excretion fraction(FEK),and urinary potassium concentration/urine creatinine concentration(UK/UCr)in sepsis-induced ea...Objective:To explore the predictive value of the combined test of urinary sodium,urinary potassium excretion fraction(FEK),and urinary potassium concentration/urine creatinine concentration(UK/UCr)in sepsis-induced early acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods:Sixty sepsis patients admitted to the Northern Hospital of National Pharmaceuticals from 2022.4 to 2024.4 were selected and divided into the AKI group(n=21)and the non-AKI group(n=39)according to whether AKI occurred or not,and another 20 health check-up subjects from our hospital were selected to be included in the control group during the same period of time,and we compared the urinary sodium,urinary FEK,and urinary UK/UCr tests of the three groups,and analysed the urinary potassium concentration/urine creatinine concentration(UK/UCr)in the early stage of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)by plotting the working characteristics of the subjects(ROC)curve graph to analyse the predictive value of the combined detection of urinary sodium,urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr in sepsis-induced early AKI.Results:The levels of urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr in the non-AKI group were higher than those in the control group,and the levels of urinary sodium were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the levels of urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr in the AKI group were higher than those in the non-AKI group,and the levels of urinary sodium were lower than those in the non-AKI group(P<0.05);the ROC was plotted and found that the combined test of urinary sodium,urinary FEK,and urinary UK/UCr was useful for the prediction of early AKI caused by sepsis.The area under the curve(AUC)values ranged from 0.694-0.940,with high sensitivity and specificity,and the value of predicting sepsis-induced early AKI was high.Conclusion:Urinary sodium,urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr can be used as effective biomarkers for the early prediction of AKI,and the combined test has high value in predicting early AKI caused by sepsis.展开更多
In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how th...In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.展开更多
Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks...Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.展开更多
BACKGROUND India has the highest tuberculosis(TB)burden in the world.Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases,features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%.Urogenital TB(UGTB)accounts for approximately 20...BACKGROUND India has the highest tuberculosis(TB)burden in the world.Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases,features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%.Urogenital TB(UGTB)accounts for approximately 20%of those cases.The lack of non-sputum based diagnostic tools continue to hinder efforts to reduce the burden of UGTB.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play a crucial role in biological pathways and can be used as a potential biomarker for TB.We evaluated urinary extracellular vesicles(uEVs)as non-invasive source to explore miRNAs with biomarker potential for UGTB.AIM To evaluate the potential of miRNA-155-5p,miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in uEVs to diagnose UGTB in adults.METHODS uEV characterization was done using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry.Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR)for urinary uEV-miRNAs were carried out in samples from patients with suspected UGTB,or Urinary tract infections[UTI,disease controls(DC)]and healthy controls(HCs)(n=20/group).U6 was used to normalize the qRT-PCR data.Receivers operating characteristic curves was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of uEV-miRNAs to differentiate UGTB from controls(DC and HCs).RESULTS uEVs from UGTB or UTI patients had higher mean size,and also lower proportion of CD63 positive vesicles as compared to HC’s uEVs.Between UTI and UGTB,the mean size of uEVs was significantly higher in UTI cases.qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly lower abundance of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-26a-5p in uEVs from UGTB relative to UTI(P value=0.004)and HC(P value=0.009)respectively n=20/group).While,miRNA-29a-3p was higher in abundance in both UGTB and HCs’uEV,relative to uEVs from UTI cases(P values=0.004 and 0.002 respectively,n=20/group).Moreover,miRNA-155-5p[area under curve(AUC)=0.88,P≤0.0001]and miRNA-29a-3p(AUC=0.76,P value=0.005)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from DC(n=20/groups)with a likelihood ratio of 5.2 and 4.3,respectively through receivers operating characteristic curve.While,miRNA-155-5p(AUC=0.68,P value=0.05)and miRNA-26a-5p(AUC=0.78,P value=0.002)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from HCs with a likelihood ratio of>2.CONCLUSION The differential expression of uEV-miRNAs,miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in UTGB and UTI cases hold promise in the specific diagnosis of UGTB.Further studies in large cohort are,however,needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these uEV-miRNAs.展开更多
Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pa...Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pathways;its effect on gestating sows can depend on the period of supplementation.This study evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on the productive performance and physiological status of sows during different gestation periods and seasons,using a multi-omics approach.Methods A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 groups over 2 seasons(warm/cold);a control group(CO)received a standard diet(including 16.5 g/d of arginine)and 3 other groups received the standard diet supplemented with 21.8 g/d of arginine(38.3 g/d of arginine)either during the first 35 d(Early35),the last 45 d(Late45)or through-out the entire gestation period(COM).The colostrum was analyzed for nutritional composition,immunoglobulins and metabolomic profile.Urine and feces were analyzed on d 35 and 106 for the metabolomic and microbial profiles.Piglet body weight and mortality were recorded at birth,d 6,d 26,and on d 14 post-weaning.Results Interactions between arginine and season were never significant.The Early35 group had a lower percent-age of stillborn(P<0.001),mummified(P=0.002)and low birthweight(LBW)piglets(P=0.02)than the CO group.The Late45 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets(P=0.029)and a higher percentage of high birthweight piglets(HBW;P<0.001)than the CO group.The COM group had a higher percentage of LBW(P=0.004)and crushed piglets(P<0.001)than the CO group.Arginine supplementation modifies the metabolome characterization of colos-trum,urine,and feces.Creatine and nitric oxide pathways,as well as metabolites related to microbial activity,were influenced in all matrices.A slight trend in the beta diversity index was observed in the microbiome profile on d 35(P=0.064).Conclusions Arginine supplementation during early gestation reduced the percentage of stillborn and LBW piglets,while in the last third of pregnancy,it favored the percentage of HBW pigs and reduced the percentage of stillbirths,showing that arginine plays a significant role in the physiology of pregnant sows.展开更多
The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism an...The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions of beef steers.In experiment 1,six Limousin×Luxi crossbreed steers with an initial liveweight of(245.0±18.7)kg were used as experimental animals.Three levels of sorghum grain,i.e.,0,167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM were included in diets as experimental treatments.The animals and the treatments were randomly assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design.In experiment 2,static incubation technique was used to determine the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected in experiment 1.The results of experiment 1 showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the faecal N excretion(P=0.001),the total N excretion(P=0.010)and the faecal N to N intake ratio(P=0.021),but it did not affect the N retention and the N utilization efficiency(P>0.10).The plasma metabolomic data showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain increased the relative concentrations of phenolic acid(N1,N5,N10-tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine and prenyl cis-caffeate)and carnitine(3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine and linoelaidyl carnitine).The results also showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the urinary urea excretion(P=0.010)and decreased the urinary excretion of purine derivatives(P=0.041)as well as the estimated rumen microbial N supply(P=0.012)based on urinary purine derivatives.The results of experiment 2 showed that including sorghum grain in the diet linearly increased the average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N(P=0.012),NO_(2)^(–)-N(P=0.009),NO_(3)^(-)-N(P=0.001)and the total inorganic N(P<0.001)in the soil enriched with urine samples.The urine sample N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.001),the estimated steer urine N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.021)and the N_(2)O-N to urinary N ratio(P=0.038)linearly increased with increasing inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet.In conclusion,dietary inclusion of sorghum grain containing high CT at 167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM did not affect the N utilization efficiency of steers but increased the urine N_(2)O-N emissions by 5.7 and 31.4%,respectively.For reducing the N_(2)O emissions to the environment,high levels of sorghum grain should not be included in the diet of steers.展开更多
The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue(CSAR)military exercise performed in a tropical region.Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick uri...The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue(CSAR)military exercise performed in a tropical region.Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick urinalysis to assess the physiological strain and the potential health risks associated with this exercise.Body mass and urine samples were obtained from 151 male cadets([21.3±1.6]year-old;height[177.2±4.1]cm)before and after completing the efforts of a CSAR exercise that lasted approximately 10 hour(h).Body mass significantly decreased(p<0.05)by more than 3%immediately post-exercise(from[75.0±9.85]kg to[72.6±9.6]kg),returning to pre-exercise levels within 14 and 38 h after the complen.Interestingly,urine specific gravity(USG)paralleled the changes in body mass and exhibited a significant increase immediately after the exercise.Similar patterns of significant alterations were observed in urine acidity,ketonuria,bilirubinuria,and hematuria,mirroring the time course of changes in USG.The other evaluated urine variables did not show significant changes.The reduction in body mass was significantly correlated with changes in USG,ketonuria,bilirubinuria and proteinuria after the military exercise.In summary,cadets engaged in the CSAR military exercise experienced physiologically meaningful dehydration and exhibited indirect markers of cell damage immediately after the exercise.However,these changes were spontaneously resolved within 14 h post-task.Monitoring selected noninvasive biomarkers could aid in managing performance and health risks during arduous military training.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endosc...BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its common complications are bile leak,infection,stent migration and bleeding.Here,we report an atypical case of a patient who developed unexplained dark green urine after receiving EUS-HGS,which we suspected to be caused by an abnormal biliary-vascular fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received EUSHGS for relieving jaundice.The patient reported abdominal pain and chest tightness after the operation,with difficulty in urinating.X-ray suggested rightsided pleural effusion and dark green pleural effusion was drained out.However,the patient also developed dark green urine,which appeared everyday afternoon and disappeared automatically after intravenous treatment.The previous pleural effusion disappeared after one week,but later the patient showed an increase of ascites,and the lesions were compartmentalized and encapsulated internally.CONCLUSION Postoperative surveillance after EUS-HGS must be emphasized to check for in order to prevent severe and hidden complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the...BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan(LF-LAM)or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.AIM To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake,TB diagnosis,TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024.TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease(CD4≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV)who tested for TB.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake,TB prevalence,TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs.Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children vs adults and multisite vs single site studies was performed.RESULTS A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed.The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6%(95%CI:49.2–80.1).The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4%(95%CI:22.0–36.8),and TB treatment initiation was 77.9%(95%CI:63.9–91.8),and mortality was 19.5%(95%CI:8.9–30.0).The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults(28.2%vs 66.4%,P=0.003)and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies(58.8%vs 82.9%,P=0.002).The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults(24.2%vs 27.6%,P=0.012)and higher among studies that involved multi vs single sites(30.0%vs 21.9%,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO,indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB.Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.展开更多
Objective: to explore the application value of routine urine test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection for patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 patients with suspected urinary tract infection in o...Objective: to explore the application value of routine urine test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection for patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 patients with suspected urinary tract infection in our hospital from March 2019 to April 2020 were selected as the research objects. The urine sediment method and urine dry chemistry method were used for examination. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the gold standard to compare the accuracy of the two methods. Results: with the pathological diagnosis results as gold, whether using urine sediment method or urine dry chemistry method to compare the white blood cell count and red blood cell in urine, it was found that when P < 0.05, there was no statistical significance. The urine sediment method and the urine dry chemical method used in the examination of the patient were tested, and the indicators in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared and analyzed, P<0.05, there was no statistical significance. Comparing the two methods, both of them can effectively detect urinary tract infection and provide reference data for subsequent treatment. Conclusion: the urine routine test of patients with urinary tract infection can significantly improve the accuracy rate of patients. The urine dry chemistry method combined with urine sediment method is less different from the gold standard results, which can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of patients, which is worthy of extensive promotion.展开更多
Urinary phospholipids are shown to be sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Many works have been reported on qualitative analysis of phospholipids and relative components in human urine while quantitative analysis i...Urinary phospholipids are shown to be sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Many works have been reported on qualitative analysis of phospholipids and relative components in human urine while quantitative analysis is rare. We have therefore developed a reliable and convenient quantitative method to evaluate the accuracy and specificity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine （DPPC） as a biomarker for kidney injury diagnosis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a HILIC Silica Column （2.1 ram^50 mm, 5 p.m）. Gradient elution was performed with 5 mM ammonium formate （0.1% formic acid） and acetonitrile （0.1% formic acid）, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. This method was validated in a linear range of 2-200 ng/mL DPPC with inter-day precision of less than 6.5% and accuracy within 111.2% in human urine. Recovery rate, stability, dilution effect and matrix effect also met the requirements for drug evaluation and research issued by FDA. As the first HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of DPPC, it has been successfully applied to determine levels of DPPC in clinical urine samples and evaluated for potential use in the measurement of DPPC as a biomarker for kidney injury.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted. Five two-year-old male Kazak sheep about 40 kg which never had intake of the feeds containing gossypol were selected. The experiment was divided into five periods, namely the control period, a period with the supplement of 300 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 200 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 350 mg of GY-01 and a period with the supplement of 200 mg of GY-01. The sheep were fed with the concentrate and the cottonseed hulls in the control period, and corresponding diuretics were supplemented in the rest four periods. The water drinking amount, urination volume and the contents of the hormone and ion in the blood were determined in each period. [Result] After 350 mg GY-01 was supplemented, the water drinking amount of each sheep had an increase of 60.14% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the urination volume was 2.67 times of that of the latter, and the differences were both significant （P0.01）. The antidiuretic hormone declined by 32.59% compared with that of the sheep in the control period, with the significant difference （P 0.05）. The adrenocorticotropic hormone content increased by 81.93% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the difference was significant （P0.01）. An increase of 28.04% （P 0.05） and 39.39% （P 0.01） was found in the contents of serum potassium and phosphorus respectively compared with that of sheep in the control period. [Conclusion] The diet with supplement of GY-01 can increase the urination volume of livestock fed with the cottonseed hulls, and the most appropriate supplement amount is 200 mg GY-01.展开更多
Objective To investigate the value of the measurement of urinary hyaluronic acid (HA) levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the possibility of replacing ELISA-like assay with radioimmunoassay to detect the l...Objective To investigate the value of the measurement of urinary hyaluronic acid (HA) levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the possibility of replacing ELISA-like assay with radioimmunoassay to detect the levels of urinary HA. Methods Using the ELISA-like assay and radioimmunoassay at the same time to measure the HA levels in the urine specimens from 49 bladder cancer patients, 12 benign bladder tumor patients, 30 other genitourinary disease patients and 20 normal controls. Results There is not much difference between the consequences of the urinary HA levels whether we used the ELISA-like assay or radioimmunoassay to detect every specimen (P>0.05). When we used the results with radioimmunoassay for analysis, we found the levels of urinary HA of bladder cancer patients were 2–4 times than those of the benign bladder tumor patients, other genitourinary disease patients or normal individuals (P<0.01); With 137.5 ngHA/mg protein (113.6±23.9 ng/mg) as a minimum cutoff limit, this assay had a good sensitivity (91.8%) and specificity (91.9%) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its difference in sensitivity meant a lot when compared with urine cytology (48.9%,P<0.01). Conclusion The urinary HA assay is a simple, convenient, noninvasive credible and cheap method with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma; radioimmunoassay is also a good means to measure the urinary HA levels. Key words Bladder carcinoma - Hyaluronic acid - Urine展开更多
Although the routine use of serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing has undoubtedly increased prostate cancer （PCa） detection, one of its main drawbacks is its lack of specificity. As a consequence, many men...Although the routine use of serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing has undoubtedly increased prostate cancer （PCa） detection, one of its main drawbacks is its lack of specificity. As a consequence, many men undergo unnecessary biopsies or treatments for indolent tumours. PCa-specific markers are needed for the early detection of the disease and the prediction of aggressiveness of a prostate tumour. Since PCa is a heterogeneous disease, a panel of tumour markers is fundamental for a more precise diagnosis. Several biomarkers are promising due to their specificity for the disease in tissue. However, tissue is unsuitable as a possible screening tool. Since urine can be easily obtained in a non-invasive manner, it is a promising substrate for biomarker testing. This article reviews the biomarkers for the non-invasive testing of PCa in urine.展开更多
Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult...Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells],urine-derived stem cells(USCs)have aroused interest in the past years.USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation.Importantly,they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure,which is broadly applicable,whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure.Moreover,USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types.This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches.This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs.We will specifically present USC phenotype,which is not an object of consensus in the literature,as well as detail their differentiation capacity.In the second part of this review,we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs.These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells,but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system.Importantly,we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes,which is a strategy being increasingly employed.In the last section,we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.展开更多
Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to ca...Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to cause weight loss, reversal of certain cardiac and kidney problems, indigestion, stomach ache, edema, etc. However, the literature and scripture did not mention the antigenotoxic properties of cow’urine. Methods In the present investigation, the antigenotoxic/ antioxidant properties of cow’ urine distillate and redistillate were studied in vitro. The antioxidant status and volatile fatty acid levels were determined. Actinomycin-D (0.1ol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (150 mol/L) were used for inducing DNA strand break with 0.1% DMSO as negative control. Dose for the antigenotoxic effect of cow’ urine was chosen from the dose response study carried out earlier. Results Both actinomycin-D and H2O2 caused statistically significant DNA unwinding of 80% & 75% respectively (P<0.001) as revealed by fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU), and the damage could be protected with the redistilled cow urine distillate (1, 50 & 100 ) in simultaneous treatment with genotoxic chemicals. Conclusion The redistillate of cowurine was found to possess total antioxidant status of around 2.6 mmol, contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500 mg/L) as revealed by the GC-MS studies. These fatty acids and other antioxidants might cause the observed protective effects.展开更多
Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause ...Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal parenchyma.We explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney injury.Methods:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte count.Quantitative urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with UTI.Quantitative ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of KIM-1.Seventy two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI group.Results:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of AKI.Conclusion:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.展开更多
文摘Most studies assessing urine biochemistry for acute kidney injury(AKI)monitoring rely on paradigms from the 1970s.It was proposed that a single measurement of urinary parameters in the presence of increased serum creatinine(sCr)could help understand AKI pathophysiology and predict its duration.However,those studies produced variable and controversial results.Recently,an alternative“urine biochemical approach”has been proposed.In contrast with the traditional approach,it includes sequential urine electrolyte assessment,evaluation before AKI diagnosis,and interpretation of avid sodium retention as a marker of renal microcirculatory stress instead of low renal perfusion.This review highlights the rationale of this alternative approach,which is focused on early urinary biochemical changes that precede increases in sCr as well as signs of renal recovery before decreases in sCr.The relevance of urine composition in conjunction with urine volume for a proper evaluation of renal function is emphasized.This new approach aims to enhance the utility of urinary biochemical parameters in AKI monitoring,particularly in patients who are critically ill.
基金supported by the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-0203).
文摘Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.
文摘Objective:To explore the predictive value of the combined test of urinary sodium,urinary potassium excretion fraction(FEK),and urinary potassium concentration/urine creatinine concentration(UK/UCr)in sepsis-induced early acute kidney injury(AKI).Methods:Sixty sepsis patients admitted to the Northern Hospital of National Pharmaceuticals from 2022.4 to 2024.4 were selected and divided into the AKI group(n=21)and the non-AKI group(n=39)according to whether AKI occurred or not,and another 20 health check-up subjects from our hospital were selected to be included in the control group during the same period of time,and we compared the urinary sodium,urinary FEK,and urinary UK/UCr tests of the three groups,and analysed the urinary potassium concentration/urine creatinine concentration(UK/UCr)in the early stage of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury(AKI)by plotting the working characteristics of the subjects(ROC)curve graph to analyse the predictive value of the combined detection of urinary sodium,urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr in sepsis-induced early AKI.Results:The levels of urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr in the non-AKI group were higher than those in the control group,and the levels of urinary sodium were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),while the levels of urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr in the AKI group were higher than those in the non-AKI group,and the levels of urinary sodium were lower than those in the non-AKI group(P<0.05);the ROC was plotted and found that the combined test of urinary sodium,urinary FEK,and urinary UK/UCr was useful for the prediction of early AKI caused by sepsis.The area under the curve(AUC)values ranged from 0.694-0.940,with high sensitivity and specificity,and the value of predicting sepsis-induced early AKI was high.Conclusion:Urinary sodium,urinary FEK and urinary UK/UCr can be used as effective biomarkers for the early prediction of AKI,and the combined test has high value in predicting early AKI caused by sepsis.
文摘In Unani medicine,Bawl(urine)is recognized as a key diagnostic tool,with humoural imbalances assessed via parameters like color,consistency,sediment,clarity,froth,odor,and volume.This conceptual review explores how these classical diagnostic indicators may be contextualized alongside modern urinalysis markers(e.g.,bilirubin,protein,ketones,and sedimentation)and examined through emerging artificial intelligence(AI)frameworks.Potential applications include ResNet-18 for color classification,You Only Look Once version 8(YOLOv8)for sediment detection,long short-term memory(LSTM)for viscosity estimation,and EfficientDet for froth analysis,with standardized urine images/videos forming the basis of future datasets.Additionally,a comparative ontology is proposed to align Unani perspectives with diagnostic approaches in traditional Chinese medicine,encouraging cross-system integration.By synthesizing classical epistemology with computational intelligence,this review highlights pathways for developing AI-based decision support systems to promote personalized,accessible,and telemedicine-enabled healthcare.
文摘Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an economically important seed legume that helps combat food and nutrition insecurity in the Sahel, particularly Niger. However, its yield remains low due to insect pest attacks. This study was conducted at a station and in seven villages in the Maradi and Tahoua regions. It aimed to test the effectiveness of neem seed biopesticides [Azadirachta indica A. Juss] and sanitized human urine for integrated insect pest management. The cowpea variety UAM09 1055-6 was used for the experiments. The experimental trial was a Fisher block design consisting of five treatments: neem oil, neem seed extract (NSE), hygienized human urine (HHU), chemical pesticide, and a control, replicated five times at the station and twice in farmers’ environments. The study shows that Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and Maruca vitrata Fabricius are the main insect pests. Plots treated with synthetic pesticides were the least infested by C. tomentosicollis. They were followed by neem seed extract and HHU treatments, which recorded an infestation level of 2.44 and 20.5 times lower than controls at the station and in farming environments. The density of thrips was 1.06 to 32.6 times lower in treated plots compared to controls. The proportion of pods damaged by M. vitrata was 1.95, 2.55, and 2.77 times lower in plots treated with HHU, NSE, and synthetic pesticide, respectively, compared to controls. Grain yields were 1.80 and 2.62 times higher in UHH and NSE treatments compared to control plots, both at the station and in farmers’ environments. A yield increase of 44.58% and 61.92% was noted for these treatments at the station and in farmers’ environments, respectively. These results may promote the dissemination of NSE and HHU biopesticide technologies in rural areas as an alternative method for integrated pest management of cowpeas.
基金Supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research,No.Coord/7(1)/CARE-KD/18-NCD-II.
文摘BACKGROUND India has the highest tuberculosis(TB)burden in the world.Of the estimated annual 10 million TB cases,features of extra pulmonary TB are evident in up to 45%.Urogenital TB(UGTB)accounts for approximately 20%of those cases.The lack of non-sputum based diagnostic tools continue to hinder efforts to reduce the burden of UGTB.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play a crucial role in biological pathways and can be used as a potential biomarker for TB.We evaluated urinary extracellular vesicles(uEVs)as non-invasive source to explore miRNAs with biomarker potential for UGTB.AIM To evaluate the potential of miRNA-155-5p,miRNA-26a-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in uEVs to diagnose UGTB in adults.METHODS uEV characterization was done using nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry.Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR)for urinary uEV-miRNAs were carried out in samples from patients with suspected UGTB,or Urinary tract infections[UTI,disease controls(DC)]and healthy controls(HCs)(n=20/group).U6 was used to normalize the qRT-PCR data.Receivers operating characteristic curves was used to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of uEV-miRNAs to differentiate UGTB from controls(DC and HCs).RESULTS uEVs from UGTB or UTI patients had higher mean size,and also lower proportion of CD63 positive vesicles as compared to HC’s uEVs.Between UTI and UGTB,the mean size of uEVs was significantly higher in UTI cases.qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significantly lower abundance of miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-26a-5p in uEVs from UGTB relative to UTI(P value=0.004)and HC(P value=0.009)respectively n=20/group).While,miRNA-29a-3p was higher in abundance in both UGTB and HCs’uEV,relative to uEVs from UTI cases(P values=0.004 and 0.002 respectively,n=20/group).Moreover,miRNA-155-5p[area under curve(AUC)=0.88,P≤0.0001]and miRNA-29a-3p(AUC=0.76,P value=0.005)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from DC(n=20/groups)with a likelihood ratio of 5.2 and 4.3,respectively through receivers operating characteristic curve.While,miRNA-155-5p(AUC=0.68,P value=0.05)and miRNA-26a-5p(AUC=0.78,P value=0.002)had optimal diagnostic accuracy to differentiate UGTB from HCs with a likelihood ratio of>2.CONCLUSION The differential expression of uEV-miRNAs,miRNA-155-5p and miRNA-29a-3p in UTGB and UTI cases hold promise in the specific diagnosis of UGTB.Further studies in large cohort are,however,needed to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of these uEV-miRNAs.
基金A project funded in the framework of the Rural Development Plan 2014–2020 of the Emilia Romagna region,FOCUS AREA 3A-Misura 16.2.01–GREEN SUINO Project number 5415052.Coordinated from the Gruppo Martini SPA.
文摘Background The prolificacy of sows(litter size at birth)has markedly increased,leading to higher post-natal mor-tality.Heat stress can exacerbate this issue.Arginine plays an important role in several physiological pathways;its effect on gestating sows can depend on the period of supplementation.This study evaluated the effects of arginine supplementation on the productive performance and physiological status of sows during different gestation periods and seasons,using a multi-omics approach.Methods A total of 320 sows were divided into 4 groups over 2 seasons(warm/cold);a control group(CO)received a standard diet(including 16.5 g/d of arginine)and 3 other groups received the standard diet supplemented with 21.8 g/d of arginine(38.3 g/d of arginine)either during the first 35 d(Early35),the last 45 d(Late45)or through-out the entire gestation period(COM).The colostrum was analyzed for nutritional composition,immunoglobulins and metabolomic profile.Urine and feces were analyzed on d 35 and 106 for the metabolomic and microbial profiles.Piglet body weight and mortality were recorded at birth,d 6,d 26,and on d 14 post-weaning.Results Interactions between arginine and season were never significant.The Early35 group had a lower percent-age of stillborn(P<0.001),mummified(P=0.002)and low birthweight(LBW)piglets(P=0.02)than the CO group.The Late45 group had a lower percentage of stillborn piglets(P=0.029)and a higher percentage of high birthweight piglets(HBW;P<0.001)than the CO group.The COM group had a higher percentage of LBW(P=0.004)and crushed piglets(P<0.001)than the CO group.Arginine supplementation modifies the metabolome characterization of colos-trum,urine,and feces.Creatine and nitric oxide pathways,as well as metabolites related to microbial activity,were influenced in all matrices.A slight trend in the beta diversity index was observed in the microbiome profile on d 35(P=0.064).Conclusions Arginine supplementation during early gestation reduced the percentage of stillborn and LBW piglets,while in the last third of pregnancy,it favored the percentage of HBW pigs and reduced the percentage of stillbirths,showing that arginine plays a significant role in the physiology of pregnant sows.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31572428)。
文摘The objectives of this study which included two experiments were to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of sorghum grain rich in condensed tannins(CT)(18.9 g kg^(–1)dry matter(DM))on nitrogen(N)metabolism and urine nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions of beef steers.In experiment 1,six Limousin×Luxi crossbreed steers with an initial liveweight of(245.0±18.7)kg were used as experimental animals.Three levels of sorghum grain,i.e.,0,167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM were included in diets as experimental treatments.The animals and the treatments were randomly assigned to a replicated 3×3 Latin square design.In experiment 2,static incubation technique was used to determine the N_(2)O emissions of the urine samples collected in experiment 1.The results of experiment 1 showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the faecal N excretion(P=0.001),the total N excretion(P=0.010)and the faecal N to N intake ratio(P=0.021),but it did not affect the N retention and the N utilization efficiency(P>0.10).The plasma metabolomic data showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain increased the relative concentrations of phenolic acid(N1,N5,N10-tris-trans-p-coumaroylspermine and prenyl cis-caffeate)and carnitine(3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine and linoelaidyl carnitine).The results also showed that dietary inclusion of sorghum grain linearly increased the urinary urea excretion(P=0.010)and decreased the urinary excretion of purine derivatives(P=0.041)as well as the estimated rumen microbial N supply(P=0.012)based on urinary purine derivatives.The results of experiment 2 showed that including sorghum grain in the diet linearly increased the average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N(P=0.012),NO_(2)^(–)-N(P=0.009),NO_(3)^(-)-N(P=0.001)and the total inorganic N(P<0.001)in the soil enriched with urine samples.The urine sample N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.001),the estimated steer urine N_(2)O-N flux(P=0.021)and the N_(2)O-N to urinary N ratio(P=0.038)linearly increased with increasing inclusion of sorghum grain in the diet.In conclusion,dietary inclusion of sorghum grain containing high CT at 167 and 338 g kg^(–1)DM did not affect the N utilization efficiency of steers but increased the urine N_(2)O-N emissions by 5.7 and 31.4%,respectively.For reducing the N_(2)O emissions to the environment,high levels of sorghum grain should not be included in the diet of steers.
基金financed in part by the Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001
文摘The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue(CSAR)military exercise performed in a tropical region.Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick urinalysis to assess the physiological strain and the potential health risks associated with this exercise.Body mass and urine samples were obtained from 151 male cadets([21.3±1.6]year-old;height[177.2±4.1]cm)before and after completing the efforts of a CSAR exercise that lasted approximately 10 hour(h).Body mass significantly decreased(p<0.05)by more than 3%immediately post-exercise(from[75.0±9.85]kg to[72.6±9.6]kg),returning to pre-exercise levels within 14 and 38 h after the complen.Interestingly,urine specific gravity(USG)paralleled the changes in body mass and exhibited a significant increase immediately after the exercise.Similar patterns of significant alterations were observed in urine acidity,ketonuria,bilirubinuria,and hematuria,mirroring the time course of changes in USG.The other evaluated urine variables did not show significant changes.The reduction in body mass was significantly correlated with changes in USG,ketonuria,bilirubinuria and proteinuria after the military exercise.In summary,cadets engaged in the CSAR military exercise experienced physiologically meaningful dehydration and exhibited indirect markers of cell damage immediately after the exercise.However,these changes were spontaneously resolved within 14 h post-task.Monitoring selected noninvasive biomarkers could aid in managing performance and health risks during arduous military training.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFC2307001the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170570,No.82270698,and No.82470679.
文摘BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,including endoscopic ultrasoundguided choledochoduodenostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatogastrostomy(EUS-HGS),is an efficacious alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and its common complications are bile leak,infection,stent migration and bleeding.Here,we report an atypical case of a patient who developed unexplained dark green urine after receiving EUS-HGS,which we suspected to be caused by an abnormal biliary-vascular fistula.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old woman diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma received EUSHGS for relieving jaundice.The patient reported abdominal pain and chest tightness after the operation,with difficulty in urinating.X-ray suggested rightsided pleural effusion and dark green pleural effusion was drained out.However,the patient also developed dark green urine,which appeared everyday afternoon and disappeared automatically after intravenous treatment.The previous pleural effusion disappeared after one week,but later the patient showed an increase of ascites,and the lesions were compartmentalized and encapsulated internally.CONCLUSION Postoperative surveillance after EUS-HGS must be emphasized to check for in order to prevent severe and hidden complications.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to low bacteria count and high likelihood of having extrapulmonary tuberculosis(TB)among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)disease,the World Health Organization(WHO)recommended the use of urine lateral flow urine lipoarabinomannan(LF-LAM)or sputum-Xpert to screen for TB.AIM To estimate pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake,TB diagnosis,TB treatment initiation and mortality among patients with advanced HIV disease in Africa.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched for articles published between January 2011 and December 2024.TB screening uptake was defined as percentage of patients with advanced HIV disease(CD4≤200 cells/mm3 or WHO stage III/IV)who tested for TB.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of TB screening uptake,TB prevalence,TB treatment initiation and mortality and their corresponding 95%CIs.Stratified analysis to compare uptake of TB testing and TB prevalence between children vs adults and multisite vs single site studies was performed.RESULTS A total of nineteen studies with 16065 people with advanced HIV disease were analyzed.The pooled prevalence of TB screening uptake was 64.6%(95%CI:49.2–80.1).The pooled prevalence of TB was 29.4%(95%CI:22.0–36.8),and TB treatment initiation was 77.9%(95%CI:63.9–91.8),and mortality was 19.5%(95%CI:8.9–30.0).The pooled prevalence of TB testing uptake was significantly lower among children compared to adults(28.2%vs 66.4%,P=0.003)and lower for multi-sites compared to single site studies(58.8%vs 82.9%,P=0.002).The pooled prevalence of TB was significantly lower among children compared to adults(24.2%vs 27.6%,P=0.012)and higher among studies that involved multi vs single sites(30.0%vs 21.9%,P=0.001).CONCLUSION Four in ten people with advanced HIV disease were not screened for TB as recommended by the WHO,indicating significant gaps in identifying patients with TB.Excluding patients with evidence of TB is critical to avoid exposing them to subtherapeutic levels of anti TB treatment.
文摘Objective: to explore the application value of routine urine test in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection for patients with urinary tract infection. Methods: 70 patients with suspected urinary tract infection in our hospital from March 2019 to April 2020 were selected as the research objects. The urine sediment method and urine dry chemistry method were used for examination. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the gold standard to compare the accuracy of the two methods. Results: with the pathological diagnosis results as gold, whether using urine sediment method or urine dry chemistry method to compare the white blood cell count and red blood cell in urine, it was found that when P < 0.05, there was no statistical significance. The urine sediment method and the urine dry chemical method used in the examination of the patient were tested, and the indicators in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection, such as sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were compared and analyzed, P<0.05, there was no statistical significance. Comparing the two methods, both of them can effectively detect urinary tract infection and provide reference data for subsequent treatment. Conclusion: the urine routine test of patients with urinary tract infection can significantly improve the accuracy rate of patients. The urine dry chemistry method combined with urine sediment method is less different from the gold standard results, which can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of patients, which is worthy of extensive promotion.
文摘Urinary phospholipids are shown to be sensitive biomarkers for kidney injury. Many works have been reported on qualitative analysis of phospholipids and relative components in human urine while quantitative analysis is rare. We have therefore developed a reliable and convenient quantitative method to evaluate the accuracy and specificity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine （DPPC） as a biomarker for kidney injury diagnosis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a HILIC Silica Column （2.1 ram^50 mm, 5 p.m）. Gradient elution was performed with 5 mM ammonium formate （0.1% formic acid） and acetonitrile （0.1% formic acid）, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. This method was validated in a linear range of 2-200 ng/mL DPPC with inter-day precision of less than 6.5% and accuracy within 111.2% in human urine. Recovery rate, stability, dilution effect and matrix effect also met the requirements for drug evaluation and research issued by FDA. As the first HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of DPPC, it has been successfully applied to determine levels of DPPC in clinical urine samples and evaluated for potential use in the measurement of DPPC as a biomarker for kidney injury.
基金Supported by the Technology Development and Integration Model of Dairy Industry in Northwest of National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD04A11-06)during the Eleventh Five-Yearthe "Standardized Raising of Beef Cattle and Mutton Sheep" of the Eleventh Five-Year Major Projects in Autonomous Regions(200731135-2)+1 种基金the "Technology Development and Integration Model of Dairy Industry" of the Eleventh Five-Year Major Projects in Autonomous Regions(200731134)Science and Technology Projects for Green Food of Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang(200631107)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of three kinds of diuretics on the water drinking amount and urination volume of sheep fed with cottonseed hulls. [Method] The method of self-control was adopted. Five two-year-old male Kazak sheep about 40 kg which never had intake of the feeds containing gossypol were selected. The experiment was divided into five periods, namely the control period, a period with the supplement of 300 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 200 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, a period with the supplement of 350 mg of GY-01 and a period with the supplement of 200 mg of GY-01. The sheep were fed with the concentrate and the cottonseed hulls in the control period, and corresponding diuretics were supplemented in the rest four periods. The water drinking amount, urination volume and the contents of the hormone and ion in the blood were determined in each period. [Result] After 350 mg GY-01 was supplemented, the water drinking amount of each sheep had an increase of 60.14% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the urination volume was 2.67 times of that of the latter, and the differences were both significant （P0.01）. The antidiuretic hormone declined by 32.59% compared with that of the sheep in the control period, with the significant difference （P 0.05）. The adrenocorticotropic hormone content increased by 81.93% compared with that of the sheep in the control period and the difference was significant （P0.01）. An increase of 28.04% （P 0.05） and 39.39% （P 0.01） was found in the contents of serum potassium and phosphorus respectively compared with that of sheep in the control period. [Conclusion] The diet with supplement of GY-01 can increase the urination volume of livestock fed with the cottonseed hulls, and the most appropriate supplement amount is 200 mg GY-01.
文摘Objective To investigate the value of the measurement of urinary hyaluronic acid (HA) levels for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and the possibility of replacing ELISA-like assay with radioimmunoassay to detect the levels of urinary HA. Methods Using the ELISA-like assay and radioimmunoassay at the same time to measure the HA levels in the urine specimens from 49 bladder cancer patients, 12 benign bladder tumor patients, 30 other genitourinary disease patients and 20 normal controls. Results There is not much difference between the consequences of the urinary HA levels whether we used the ELISA-like assay or radioimmunoassay to detect every specimen (P>0.05). When we used the results with radioimmunoassay for analysis, we found the levels of urinary HA of bladder cancer patients were 2–4 times than those of the benign bladder tumor patients, other genitourinary disease patients or normal individuals (P<0.01); With 137.5 ngHA/mg protein (113.6±23.9 ng/mg) as a minimum cutoff limit, this assay had a good sensitivity (91.8%) and specificity (91.9%) for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Its difference in sensitivity meant a lot when compared with urine cytology (48.9%,P<0.01). Conclusion The urinary HA assay is a simple, convenient, noninvasive credible and cheap method with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma; radioimmunoassay is also a good means to measure the urinary HA levels. Key words Bladder carcinoma - Hyaluronic acid - Urine
文摘Although the routine use of serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA） testing has undoubtedly increased prostate cancer （PCa） detection, one of its main drawbacks is its lack of specificity. As a consequence, many men undergo unnecessary biopsies or treatments for indolent tumours. PCa-specific markers are needed for the early detection of the disease and the prediction of aggressiveness of a prostate tumour. Since PCa is a heterogeneous disease, a panel of tumour markers is fundamental for a more precise diagnosis. Several biomarkers are promising due to their specificity for the disease in tissue. However, tissue is unsuitable as a possible screening tool. Since urine can be easily obtained in a non-invasive manner, it is a promising substrate for biomarker testing. This article reviews the biomarkers for the non-invasive testing of PCa in urine.
基金Institut National de la Santéet la Recherche MédicaleUniversitéde Poitiers+2 种基金CHU de PoitiersRégion Nouvelle AquitaineFondation de l’Avenir,No.AP-RM-18-006.
文摘Cell therapy,i.e.,the use of cells to repair an affected tissue or organ,is at the forefront of regenerative and personalized medicine.Among the multiple cell types that have been used for this purpose[including adult stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells or pluripotent stem cells],urine-derived stem cells(USCs)have aroused interest in the past years.USCs display classical features of mesenchymal stem cells such as differentiation capacity and immunomodulation.Importantly,they have the main advantage of being isolable from one sample of voided urine with a cheap and unpainful procedure,which is broadly applicable,whereas most adult stem cell types require invasive procedure.Moreover,USCs can be differentiated into renal cell types.This is of high interest for renal cell therapy-based regenerative approaches.This review will firstly describe the isolation and characterization of USCs.We will specifically present USC phenotype,which is not an object of consensus in the literature,as well as detail their differentiation capacity.In the second part of this review,we will present and discuss the main applications of USCs.These include use as a substrate to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells,but we will deeply focus on the use of USCs for cell therapy approaches with a detailed analysis depending on the targeted organ or system.Importantly,we will also focus on the applications that rely on the use of USC-derived products such as microvesicles including exosomes,which is a strategy being increasingly employed.In the last section,we will discuss the remaining barriers and challenges in the field of USC-based regenerative medicine.
文摘Objective From the ancient period cow’urine has been used as a medicine. In Veda, cow’urine was compared to the nectar. In Susrut, several medicinal properties of cow’ urine have been mentioned and are known to cause weight loss, reversal of certain cardiac and kidney problems, indigestion, stomach ache, edema, etc. However, the literature and scripture did not mention the antigenotoxic properties of cow’urine. Methods In the present investigation, the antigenotoxic/ antioxidant properties of cow’ urine distillate and redistillate were studied in vitro. The antioxidant status and volatile fatty acid levels were determined. Actinomycin-D (0.1ol/L) and hydrogen peroxide (150 mol/L) were used for inducing DNA strand break with 0.1% DMSO as negative control. Dose for the antigenotoxic effect of cow’ urine was chosen from the dose response study carried out earlier. Results Both actinomycin-D and H2O2 caused statistically significant DNA unwinding of 80% & 75% respectively (P<0.001) as revealed by fluorimetric analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU), and the damage could be protected with the redistilled cow urine distillate (1, 50 & 100 ) in simultaneous treatment with genotoxic chemicals. Conclusion The redistillate of cowurine was found to possess total antioxidant status of around 2.6 mmol, contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500 mg/L) as revealed by the GC-MS studies. These fatty acids and other antioxidants might cause the observed protective effects.
基金an Insitutte of National Importance under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,Government of India,for the Intramural funding for the research study.Project No.95/JIP/Res/Intra-MSc/Phase 2/Grant 3/2016-2017 dated 07.01.2017.
文摘Objective:Urinary tract infection(UTI)is a common cause of morbidity and hospitalisation in the population worldwide.Upper UTI is indolent and causes subclinical acute kidney injury(AKI)resulting in preventable cause of scarring of renal parenchyma.We explored urinary and serum levels of kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),haematological parameters and quantitative urine microscopy parameters to predict kidney injury.Methods:Neutrophilelymphocyte ratio(NLR)is obtained by dividing absolute neutrophil count with absolute lymphocyte count.Quantitative urine sediment microscopy was performed and correlated with clinical,biochemical and haematological findings to predict AKI in patients with UTI.Quantitative ELISA was performed for serum and urine levels of KIM-1.Seventy two adult patients with UTI were enrolled,45 of whom had AKI while 27 were in the non-AKI group.Results:NLR(p=0.005)and renal tubular epithelial cell-granular cast score in quantitative urine microscopy(p=0.008)are strong predictors of AKI in patients with UTI while rest of quantitative urine microscopy parameters and serum and urinary levels of KIM-1 molecule were not found to be useful in prediction of AKI.Conclusion:NLR in haemogram is a novel and useful biomarker for predicting AKI in patients with UTI.
