Ukraine,as one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and exporters,plays a critical role in global food security.It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of productive cropland in...Ukraine,as one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and exporters,plays a critical role in global food security.It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of productive cropland in Ukraine,particularly in the context of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict.We provide the first comprehensive assessment of both conflict-and non-conflict-related factors that influenced the distribution and productivity of Ukraine’s cropland from 2013 to 2023.In addition,we propose a novel method using machine learning models to isolate the impact of conflict on cropland.Our findings reveal that,prior to the conflict,the spatial pattern of Ukraine’s mean cultivation rate was primarily shaped by natural factors—such as climate,soil properties,and elevation—whereas socio-economic factors(e.g.,GDP and population size)exerted a weaker influence.Interannual dynamics in productive cropland area were largely driven by climate variability.The onset of conflict in 2022 dramatically altered this landscape,with nearly half of the cropland grid cells experiencing a conflict-induced reduction.Notably,almost half of the interannual reduction in productive cropland in 2022 was attributed to climate change.Remarkably,in 2023,the return of displaced populations and favorable climatic conditions in many oblasts contributed to a positive trend in cropland reclamation.Despite this,the total area of productive cropland in 2023 remained below expected levels,due to ongoing conflict and localized droughts.Finally,we highlight the urgent need to adopt a two-pronged approach that addresses both the immediate impacts of conflict and the ongoing threats posed by climate change to ensure the resilience and sustainability of agricultural systems in post-conflict areas.展开更多
The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the ...The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the shear strength and intensity of any discontinuities present, and the moisture sensitivity of the immediate roof. The CMRR has been widely used and validated in Eastern US coal mines, but it has seen limited application in the Western US. This study focuses on roof behavior at a Western coal mine(Mine A). Mine A shows significant lateral geological variation, along with localized faulting and a laterally extensive sandstone channel network. The CMRR is not used to predict roof instability at the mine. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are other factors that are correlated with roof instability in underground coal mines that could potentially also be considered in conjunction with the CMRR.This hypothesis was tested by collecting 30 CMRR measurements at Mine A. At each measurement location, a binary record of the roof condition(stable or unstable) was made, and other parameters such as depth of cover, presence of faulting, and sandstone channels were also recorded. ANOVA tests showed that the CMRR values and the roof conditions were not strongly correlated, indicating that the CMRR input criteria are not fully predictive of roof stability at this mine. The CMRR values showed statistically significant correlations(p less than 0.05) with faulting as well as with location at an intersection. For areas that had previously experienced roof fall but were currently stable, faulting was correlated with roof condition(p less than 0.05) only when the condition was classified as unstable.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease(PD)is commonly accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms,such as anxiety and depression,which can significantly impair patients’cognitive function,social engagement,and quality of life....BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease(PD)is commonly accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms,such as anxiety and depression,which can significantly impair patients’cognitive function,social engagement,and quality of life.Psychological resilience has been identified as a critical factor influencing the severity of these emotional disturbances.AIM To explore the relationship between anxiety-depression status and psychological resilience in patients with PD and to identify associated risk factors.METHODS A total of 188 consecutive patients with PD treated at our institution between January 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled.Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI),depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression scale(GDS),and psychological resilience was evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among these variables.Furthermore,clinical and sociodemographic characteristics-including gender,age,disease duration,disease severity,comorbidity burden,marital status,gross monthly household income,and educational attainment-were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression to identify the factors influencing psychological resilience.RESULTS The mean BAI score was 22.05±10.52(indicative of moderate anxiety),the mean GDS score was 15.81±5.49(mild depression),and the mean CD-RISC score was 51.03±9.32(moderate resilience).Correlational analysis revealed an inverse relationship between psychological resilience and both anxiety and depression scores,whereas anxiety and depression were positively correlated.Univariate analysis identified disease duration,disease severity,comorbidity burden,gross monthly household income,educational attainment,BAI scores,and GDS scores as variables significantly associated with psychological resilience.Multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced disease stage,a high comorbidity burden,lower gross monthly household income,lower educational attainment,and elevated anxiety and depression scores were independent predictors of reduced psychological resilience.CONCLUSION The findings highlight the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with PD and the presence of moderate psychological resilience.Patients with advanced disease stages,multiple comorbidities,lower socioeconomic status,limited education,and higher anxiety and depression scores are particularly vulnerable to diminished psychological resilience.展开更多
Since the Obama Administration implements the Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy,China’s security situation in the peripheral areas shows a downward trend,the specific demonstration of which is the complex factors in ...Since the Obama Administration implements the Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy,China’s security situation in the peripheral areas shows a downward trend,the specific demonstration of which is the complex factors in political relations展开更多
During Donald Trump’s first term,the“Trump Shock”brought world politics into an era of uncertainties and pulled the transatlantic alliance down to its lowest point in history.The Trump 2.0 tsunami brewed by the 202...During Donald Trump’s first term,the“Trump Shock”brought world politics into an era of uncertainties and pulled the transatlantic alliance down to its lowest point in history.The Trump 2.0 tsunami brewed by the 2024 presidential election of the United States has plunged the U.S.-Europe relations into more gloomy waters,ushering in a more complex and turbulent period of adjustment.展开更多
Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report...Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial cells.Both the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 phenotype.In addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and YM1.Taken together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease(PD)-a progressive neurodegenerative disorder-is characterized by motor and gastrointestinal dysfunction.The exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for PD is vital.AIM To investi...BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease(PD)-a progressive neurodegenerative disorder-is characterized by motor and gastrointestinal dysfunction.The exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for PD is vital.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of rhapontin-a natural compound with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties-in the context of PD.METHODS Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets and mechanisms of action of rhapontin in PD.Behavioral tests and tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence analysis were used to assess the effect of rhapontin on symptoms and pathology in MPTP-induced mice.Interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and IL-10 levels in tissues were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Additionally,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)activation was confirmed using western blotting.RESULTS NRF2 was predicted to be the key transcription factor underlying the therapeutic effects of rhapontin in PD,and its anti-PD action may be associated with its antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.Rhapontin ameliorated the loss of dopaminergic neurons and gastrointestinal dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced mice by activating NRF2.Additio-nally,rhapontin treatment significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β)in the substantia nigra,striatum,and colon,whereas it increased anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10)levels only in the colon,indicating the involvement of gut–brain axis in its neuroprotective potential.Finally,NRF2 was identified as a key transcription factor activated by rhapontin,particularly in the colon.CONCLUSION We elucidated the effects of rhapontin in MPTP-induced PD mouse models using a combination of network pharmacology analysis,behavioral assessments,immunofluorescence,ELISA,and Western blotting.Our findings revealed the multifaceted role of rhapontin in ameliorating PD through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,particularly by activating NRF2,paving the way for future research into targeted therapies for PD.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the article by Mohamed et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Psychiatry.Globally,health care workers are facing a major problem called burnout syndrome,which is charac...In this editorial we comment on the article by Mohamed et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Psychiatry.Globally,health care workers are facing a major problem called burnout syndrome,which is characterized by emotional alienation,burnout,and decreased personal fulfillment.This physical and mental stress has a significant impact on the quality of care and health of medical per-sonnel.This study delves into the challenges facing Somalia’s healthcare system,such as lack of resources,heavy workloads,long working hours,and high-pressure environments that make healthcare personnel particularly vulnerable to burnout.This situation further affects their mental health and the quality of care services.Research shows that about 25%of healthcare professionals are affected by burnout syndrome.By improving the quality of sleep,strengthening monitoring,and providing mental health support,the health status of medical personnel and patient care can be effectively improved.The findings highlight the need for interventions including improved sleep quality,enhanced mental health monitoring and support,appropriate workload management,a supportive work climate,and effective time management strategies in the workplace to enhance health staff well-being and the quality of patient care.These measures are critical to addressing the current challenges of the healthcare system,improving patient care and prioritizing the well-being of frontline healthcare staff.展开更多
BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease(PD)is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms;however,the relationship between PD and gastrointestinal tumors remains un-clear.AIM To explore the symptom characteristics and risk...BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease(PD)is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms;however,the relationship between PD and gastrointestinal tumors remains un-clear.AIM To explore the symptom characteristics and risk factors of gastrointestinal tumors in patients with PD by integrating clinical,neurological,gastrointestinal,and lab-oratory assessments.METHODS Eighty patients with PD who were admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical characteristics and neurological status were evaluated using standardized scales,including the Mini-Mental State Examination,Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Barthel Index,Non-Motor Symptoms Scale,and the Intake,Feeling nauseated,Emesis,physical Exam,Duration of symptoms(I-FEED)gastroin-testinal dysfunction score.Laboratory indicators including tumor markers[carci-noembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4)]were measured.Differences between PD patients with and without gastrointestinal tumors were compared,and logistic regression was used to identify associated factors.RESULTS Among the 80 PD patients,16(20.00%)had gastrointestinal tumors.The most common symptoms in the tumor group were constipation(93.75%),urgency of defecation(75.00%),and abdominal tightness(75.00%).Patients with gastrointestinal tumors had significantly higher I-FEED,CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels(P<0.05).Logistic regression revealed that sex,disease duration,I-FEED score,and the levels of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 were independently associated with the presence of gastrointestinal tumors,while Non-Motor Symptoms Scale was not significantly related.CONCLUSION This study uniquely combines neurological symptom scales and tumor markers to evaluate gastrointestinal tumor risk in patients with PD.The findings suggest that gastrointestinal dysfunction and tumor marker elevation are key clinical indicators,and highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment in identifying high-risk PD patients for timely intervention.展开更多
This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Uro...This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion(AAFL)treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS:Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats,with an equal number of males and females,were randoml...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion(AAFL)treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS:Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats,with an equal number of males and females,were randomly assigned to the following four groups:control,model,AAFL,and positive groups.Following hemorrhoid induction,hemorrhoidal tissues were collected from the rats for analysis.Pathological alterations in these tissues were examined via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory markers.The ultrastructural pathological changes in these tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze the gene and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65,inhibitor of kappa-B(IκB),inhibitor of NF-κB kinase(IκK-β),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the rats in each treatment group showed general improvements in hemorrhoidal tissue pathology.The AAFL group showed increased IκB expression and decreased IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB,p65,and IκK-βexpressions.CONCLUSION:AAFL can decrease the production of inflammatory markers by targeting the NF-κB pathway,resulting in improved pathological conditions in mixed hemorrhoids.Our findings will aid in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids.展开更多
BACKGROUND Data regarding complex Crohn’s perianal fistulas(CPF)epidemiology are limited,and optimal treatment strategies are elusive.An improved understanding of how CPF treatment options are used in the real-world ...BACKGROUND Data regarding complex Crohn’s perianal fistulas(CPF)epidemiology are limited,and optimal treatment strategies are elusive.An improved understanding of how CPF treatment options are used in the real-world setting and factors associated with CPF development,treatment failure,and reasons for undergoing multiple surgeries may help to inform optimal patient management strategies,reduce treatment burden,and improve outcomes in patients with CPF.AIM To describe the epidemiology,treatments,outcomes,and associated risk/protective factors for complex CPF.METHODS Electronic databases(MEDLINE,EMBASE,EBM Reviews,EconLit)were searched.Two reviewers independently used populations,interventions,comparators,outcomes,study designs,and time criteria to identify relevant studies.Observational studies published in English from January 1,2015 to February 17,2022 with>50 patients were included,even if complex CPF was not defined.Items of interest included complex CPF definitions,epidemiology,treatment patterns,morbidity,mortality,and risk factors associated with complex CPF development,treatment failure,and undergoing multiple surgeries.Data were reported using descriptive statistics.RESULTS Overall,140 studies were included.Complex CPF definitions were heterogeneous and rarely reported(24 studies).Hence,data mostly related to CPF in general.CPF prevalence was variable(range:1.5%-81.0%).Incidence was wide-ranging and mostly reported cumulatively at 1-year post-Crohn’s disease diagnosis(range:3.5%-50.1%).Overall healing and failure rates after treatment were in the range of 10.5%-80.2%and 3.6%-83.0%,respectively.Abscesses were the most frequently reported morbidity(n=18).No CPF-related deaths were reported.No consistent risk or protective factors were identified.CONCLUSION Epidemiology,treatment patterns,and risk factors for CPF vary,likely due to inconsistent CPF and clinical outcome definitions.Standardization would facilitate comparability,which may inform optimal complex CPF treatment strategies.展开更多
TWith the global acceleration of population aging,the number of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)continues to rise,and falls have become one of the main issues affecting their health and quality of life.The risk ...TWith the global acceleration of population aging,the number of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)continues to rise,and falls have become one of the main issues affecting their health and quality of life.The risk of falls is significantly increased in PD patients due to multiple factors,including motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,medication side effects,unsafe environments,and psychological or behavioral factors.Falls can cause severe physical injuries,reduce independence,and trigger psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.In recent years,both domestic and international studies have made progress in identifying fall risk factors,developing risk assessment tools,and implementing multidimensional prevention strategies.Effective preventive measures include high-risk population screening,disease progression monitoring,exercise rehabilitation training,management of non-motor symptoms,medication optimization,environmental safety modifications,and psychological-behavioral interventions.Scientific and systematic comprehensive management can help reduce the incidence of falls among PD patients and improve their quality of life.This review summarizes the latest research advances on the main risk factors and preventive strategies for falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease,providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical nursing and rehabilitation interventions.展开更多
If there were any doubts about the Trump administration’s inherent obsession with decoupling,polarization and jolting of global trade,they can be laid to rest.A series of statements and measures have been made by the...If there were any doubts about the Trump administration’s inherent obsession with decoupling,polarization and jolting of global trade,they can be laid to rest.A series of statements and measures have been made by the U.S.government on economic relations with China including administrative decision to hit Chinese goods with additional tariffs despite China.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the expression of interferon regulatory factors(IRFs)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome-related dry eye(SSDE)and to explore their correlation with ...AIM:To investigate the expression of interferon regulatory factors(IRFs)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome-related dry eye(SSDE)and to explore their correlation with clinical features,dendritic cell activation,and serological indicators.METHODS:A total of 53 SSDE patients and 62 non-Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye(NSSDE)patients were enrolled.Demographic and clinical data were collected,and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed,including the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaires,Schirmer I test(SIT),tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining score(CFS),and in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).PBMCs were isolated,and IRFs expression levels were analyzed using Western blotting(WB)and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Serological indicators,including antinuclear antibodies(ANA)and anti-Ro60,anti-Ro52,and anti-La autoantibodies,were detected.Statistical analyses evaluated correlations between IRFs expression and clinical parameters.RESULTS:Compared to NSSDE,the relative mRNA and protein expression of the IRF-8 was significantly upregulated in patients with SSDE(P<0.001),whereas no significant differences were observed in IRF-1,IRF-3,IRF-5,and IRF-7(P=0.12,P=0.10,P=0.66,P=0.96).Correlation analysis revealed that IRF-8 expression was positively associated with CFS and OSDI scores(r=0.57,r=0.38,both P<0.05).Moreover,IRF-8 expression correlated with corneal dendritic cell(DC)density and size,and the number of dendrites(r=0.43,r=0.40,r=0.65,all P<0.05).IRF-8 expression was significantly elevated in patients positive for anti-Ro60,anti-Ro52 and anti-La autoantibodies(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In SSDE,IRF-8 is upregulated and associated with clinical features,DC activation,and serological indicators.These findings suggest that IRF-8 plays a critical role in SSDE pathogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
Rare earths and other critical minerals are widely used in clean energy,semiconductors and other advanced industries,as well as in the defense sector.They are often described as the“gold of the 21st century”and the...Rare earths and other critical minerals are widely used in clean energy,semiconductors and other advanced industries,as well as in the defense sector.They are often described as the“gold of the 21st century”and the“vitamins of industry.”As the United States steps up its containment of China,the Trump administration places great emphasis on critical minerals security.展开更多
On April 2,U.S.President Trump slapped“reciprocal tariffs”on over 100 global trading partners,hitting nine ASEAN member states hard.Alarmingly,even the UN-designated Least Developed Countries(LDCs)were not spared.Th...On April 2,U.S.President Trump slapped“reciprocal tariffs”on over 100 global trading partners,hitting nine ASEAN member states hard.Alarmingly,even the UN-designated Least Developed Countries(LDCs)were not spared.These included Cambodia,where nearly 20 percent of the population lives below the poverty line,facing a 49 percent tariff;Laos,with a poverty rate near 20 percent,facing 48 percent;and Myanmar,which recently suffered a devastating earthquake,facing 44 percent.展开更多
Ameeting between the leaders of China and the United States carries significance far beyond bilateral diplomacy.In an era characterized by strategic rivalry and economic tension,such engagement signals a shared recogn...Ameeting between the leaders of China and the United States carries significance far beyond bilateral diplomacy.In an era characterized by strategic rivalry and economic tension,such engagement signals a shared recognition that dialogue remains indispensable.It reassures the world that the two largest economies,despite their differences,seek to manage their relationship responsibly rather than drift toward confrontation.Nowhere is the impact of this dynamic more deeply felt than in the Asia-Pacific,the primary engine of global growth.展开更多
BACKGROUND Anti-drug antibodies(ADAs)can reduce the effectiveness of biologics.While human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DQA1*05 allele is linked to ADA formation in European Crohn’s disease patients,its relevance in non-Eu...BACKGROUND Anti-drug antibodies(ADAs)can reduce the effectiveness of biologics.While human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DQA1*05 allele is linked to ADA formation in European Crohn’s disease patients,its relevance in non-European populations remains unclear.AIM To investigate HLA genotypes associated with the development of ADAs in Taiwan Region of China inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients treated with biologics.METHODS In this multicenter study,IBD patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF),anti-integrin,or anti-interleukin(IL)-12/23 therapies from April 2022 to June 2024 were enrolled.All participants underwent next-generation sequencing for HLA genotyping.ADA levels were measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.HLA allele frequencies were compared between ADA-positive and ADA-negative groups,and against general Taiwan Region of China population data.RESULTS Ninety-five IBD patients were included:58 received anti-TNF therapy(38 infliximab,20 adalimumab),27 antiintegrin,and 10 anti-IL-12/23.ADAs occurred only in the anti-TNF group(n=22):19 infliximab(50%)and 3 adalimumab(15%).No ADAs developed in patients on anti-integrin or anti-IL-12/23 agents.HLA-C*03:04:01 was significantly associated with anti-infliximab ADAs(31.6%vs 0%,P=0.02),and HLA-B*15:18:01 with anti-adalimumab ADAs(66.7%vs 0%,P=0.016).HLA-DQA1*05 was not associated with ADA formation.Frequencies of HLA-C*03:04:01(8.4%vs 10.5%)and HLA-B*15:18:01(1.6%vs 0.6%)in IBD patients were comparable to those in the general population.ADA titers were inversely correlated with serum drug levels.CONCLUSION In Taiwan Region of China IBD patients,HLA-C*03:04:01 and HLA-B*15:18:01 were significantly associated with ADA development to infliximab and adalimumab,respectively.HLA-DQA1*05 was not predictive,highlighting ethnic differences in genetic predisposition to immunogenicity.展开更多
The IPO price suppression phenomenon is extremely common in both mature and emerging capital markets,and high price suppression can lead to an imbalance in the market supply and demand mechanism and affect the sustain...The IPO price suppression phenomenon is extremely common in both mature and emerging capital markets,and high price suppression can lead to an imbalance in the market supply and demand mechanism and affect the sustainable and healthy operation of the capital market.In the Chinese mainland market,the causes of IPO price suppression are mainly imperfect trading systems and information asymmetry.In this paper,we will use the survey method,literature analysis,and quantitative analysis to study the phenomenon of underpricing in the Chinese IPO market and its causes,comparing the Chinese IPO market with the U.S.IPO market.Using international and national statistics,we will propose the reasons affecting the IPO underpricing rate and compare the IPO underpricing difference between China and the US horizontally.Taking the Chinese A-share market as the main character,we analyze the impact of market transactions on IPO suppression and propose measures to improve IPO suppression in China's mainland stock market.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41971284 and 42371321)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2025BAB024).
文摘Ukraine,as one of the world’s largest agricultural producers and exporters,plays a critical role in global food security.It is essential to understand the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of productive cropland in Ukraine,particularly in the context of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine conflict.We provide the first comprehensive assessment of both conflict-and non-conflict-related factors that influenced the distribution and productivity of Ukraine’s cropland from 2013 to 2023.In addition,we propose a novel method using machine learning models to isolate the impact of conflict on cropland.Our findings reveal that,prior to the conflict,the spatial pattern of Ukraine’s mean cultivation rate was primarily shaped by natural factors—such as climate,soil properties,and elevation—whereas socio-economic factors(e.g.,GDP and population size)exerted a weaker influence.Interannual dynamics in productive cropland area were largely driven by climate variability.The onset of conflict in 2022 dramatically altered this landscape,with nearly half of the cropland grid cells experiencing a conflict-induced reduction.Notably,almost half of the interannual reduction in productive cropland in 2022 was attributed to climate change.Remarkably,in 2023,the return of displaced populations and favorable climatic conditions in many oblasts contributed to a positive trend in cropland reclamation.Despite this,the total area of productive cropland in 2023 remained below expected levels,due to ongoing conflict and localized droughts.Finally,we highlight the urgent need to adopt a two-pronged approach that addresses both the immediate impacts of conflict and the ongoing threats posed by climate change to ensure the resilience and sustainability of agricultural systems in post-conflict areas.
基金supported by a NIOSH Capacity Building grant (No. 200-2016-90154) to Drs. G. Walton and E. Holley and collaborators at the Colorado School of Mines
文摘The coal mine roof rating(CMRR) was developed to bridge the gap between geological variation in underground coal mines and engineering design. The CMRR accounts for the compressive strength of the immediate roof, the shear strength and intensity of any discontinuities present, and the moisture sensitivity of the immediate roof. The CMRR has been widely used and validated in Eastern US coal mines, but it has seen limited application in the Western US. This study focuses on roof behavior at a Western coal mine(Mine A). Mine A shows significant lateral geological variation, along with localized faulting and a laterally extensive sandstone channel network. The CMRR is not used to predict roof instability at the mine. It is, therefore, hypothesized that there are other factors that are correlated with roof instability in underground coal mines that could potentially also be considered in conjunction with the CMRR.This hypothesis was tested by collecting 30 CMRR measurements at Mine A. At each measurement location, a binary record of the roof condition(stable or unstable) was made, and other parameters such as depth of cover, presence of faulting, and sandstone channels were also recorded. ANOVA tests showed that the CMRR values and the roof conditions were not strongly correlated, indicating that the CMRR input criteria are not fully predictive of roof stability at this mine. The CMRR values showed statistically significant correlations(p less than 0.05) with faulting as well as with location at an intersection. For areas that had previously experienced roof fall but were currently stable, faulting was correlated with roof condition(p less than 0.05) only when the condition was classified as unstable.
文摘BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease(PD)is commonly accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms,such as anxiety and depression,which can significantly impair patients’cognitive function,social engagement,and quality of life.Psychological resilience has been identified as a critical factor influencing the severity of these emotional disturbances.AIM To explore the relationship between anxiety-depression status and psychological resilience in patients with PD and to identify associated risk factors.METHODS A total of 188 consecutive patients with PD treated at our institution between January 2023 and December 2024 were enrolled.Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI),depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression scale(GDS),and psychological resilience was evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC).Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among these variables.Furthermore,clinical and sociodemographic characteristics-including gender,age,disease duration,disease severity,comorbidity burden,marital status,gross monthly household income,and educational attainment-were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression to identify the factors influencing psychological resilience.RESULTS The mean BAI score was 22.05±10.52(indicative of moderate anxiety),the mean GDS score was 15.81±5.49(mild depression),and the mean CD-RISC score was 51.03±9.32(moderate resilience).Correlational analysis revealed an inverse relationship between psychological resilience and both anxiety and depression scores,whereas anxiety and depression were positively correlated.Univariate analysis identified disease duration,disease severity,comorbidity burden,gross monthly household income,educational attainment,BAI scores,and GDS scores as variables significantly associated with psychological resilience.Multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced disease stage,a high comorbidity burden,lower gross monthly household income,lower educational attainment,and elevated anxiety and depression scores were independent predictors of reduced psychological resilience.CONCLUSION The findings highlight the prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients with PD and the presence of moderate psychological resilience.Patients with advanced disease stages,multiple comorbidities,lower socioeconomic status,limited education,and higher anxiety and depression scores are particularly vulnerable to diminished psychological resilience.
文摘Since the Obama Administration implements the Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy,China’s security situation in the peripheral areas shows a downward trend,the specific demonstration of which is the complex factors in political relations
文摘During Donald Trump’s first term,the“Trump Shock”brought world politics into an era of uncertainties and pulled the transatlantic alliance down to its lowest point in history.The Trump 2.0 tsunami brewed by the 2024 presidential election of the United States has plunged the U.S.-Europe relations into more gloomy waters,ushering in a more complex and turbulent period of adjustment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171429,81771384a grant from Wuxi Municipal Health Commission,No.1286010241190480(all to YS)。
文摘Interferon regulatory factor 7 plays a crucial role in the innate immune response.However,whether interferon regulatory factor 7-mediated signaling contributes to Parkinson's disease remains unknown.Here we report that interferon regulatory factor 7 is markedly up-regulated in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease and co-localizes with microglial cells.Both the selective cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase inhibitor RU.521 and the stimulator of interferon genes inhibitor H151 effectively suppressed interferon regulatory factor 7 activation in BV2 microglia exposed to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and inhibited transformation of mouse BV2 microglia into the neurotoxic M1 phenotype.In addition,si RNA-mediated knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 7 expression in BV2 microglia reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase,tumor necrosis factorα,CD16,CD32,and CD86 and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers ARG1 and YM1.Taken together,our findings indicate that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 7 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
基金Supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.823MS133 and No.821QN0979。
文摘BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease(PD)-a progressive neurodegenerative disorder-is characterized by motor and gastrointestinal dysfunction.The exploration of novel therapeutic strategies for PD is vital.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of rhapontin-a natural compound with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties-in the context of PD.METHODS Network pharmacology was used to predict the targets and mechanisms of action of rhapontin in PD.Behavioral tests and tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence analysis were used to assess the effect of rhapontin on symptoms and pathology in MPTP-induced mice.Interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,and IL-10 levels in tissues were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Additionally,nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)activation was confirmed using western blotting.RESULTS NRF2 was predicted to be the key transcription factor underlying the therapeutic effects of rhapontin in PD,and its anti-PD action may be associated with its antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.Rhapontin ameliorated the loss of dopaminergic neurons and gastrointestinal dysfunction in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced mice by activating NRF2.Additio-nally,rhapontin treatment significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1β)in the substantia nigra,striatum,and colon,whereas it increased anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10)levels only in the colon,indicating the involvement of gut–brain axis in its neuroprotective potential.Finally,NRF2 was identified as a key transcription factor activated by rhapontin,particularly in the colon.CONCLUSION We elucidated the effects of rhapontin in MPTP-induced PD mouse models using a combination of network pharmacology analysis,behavioral assessments,immunofluorescence,ELISA,and Western blotting.Our findings revealed the multifaceted role of rhapontin in ameliorating PD through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,particularly by activating NRF2,paving the way for future research into targeted therapies for PD.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Program of Nantong City,No.Key003Nantong Young Medical Expert,No.46+2 种基金Science and Technology Program of Nantong Health Committee,No.MA2019003,No.MA2021017 and No.MSZ2024038Science and Technology Program of Nantong City,No.JCZ2022040Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University,No.KD2021JYYJYB025,No.KD2022KYJJZD022,and No.KD2024KYJJ289.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the article by Mohamed et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Psychiatry.Globally,health care workers are facing a major problem called burnout syndrome,which is characterized by emotional alienation,burnout,and decreased personal fulfillment.This physical and mental stress has a significant impact on the quality of care and health of medical per-sonnel.This study delves into the challenges facing Somalia’s healthcare system,such as lack of resources,heavy workloads,long working hours,and high-pressure environments that make healthcare personnel particularly vulnerable to burnout.This situation further affects their mental health and the quality of care services.Research shows that about 25%of healthcare professionals are affected by burnout syndrome.By improving the quality of sleep,strengthening monitoring,and providing mental health support,the health status of medical personnel and patient care can be effectively improved.The findings highlight the need for interventions including improved sleep quality,enhanced mental health monitoring and support,appropriate workload management,a supportive work climate,and effective time management strategies in the workplace to enhance health staff well-being and the quality of patient care.These measures are critical to addressing the current challenges of the healthcare system,improving patient care and prioritizing the well-being of frontline healthcare staff.
文摘BACKGROUND Parkinson’s disease(PD)is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms;however,the relationship between PD and gastrointestinal tumors remains un-clear.AIM To explore the symptom characteristics and risk factors of gastrointestinal tumors in patients with PD by integrating clinical,neurological,gastrointestinal,and lab-oratory assessments.METHODS Eighty patients with PD who were admitted to our hospital between January 2023 and December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical characteristics and neurological status were evaluated using standardized scales,including the Mini-Mental State Examination,Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Barthel Index,Non-Motor Symptoms Scale,and the Intake,Feeling nauseated,Emesis,physical Exam,Duration of symptoms(I-FEED)gastroin-testinal dysfunction score.Laboratory indicators including tumor markers[carci-noembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),carbohydrate antigen 72-4(CA72-4)]were measured.Differences between PD patients with and without gastrointestinal tumors were compared,and logistic regression was used to identify associated factors.RESULTS Among the 80 PD patients,16(20.00%)had gastrointestinal tumors.The most common symptoms in the tumor group were constipation(93.75%),urgency of defecation(75.00%),and abdominal tightness(75.00%).Patients with gastrointestinal tumors had significantly higher I-FEED,CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 levels(P<0.05).Logistic regression revealed that sex,disease duration,I-FEED score,and the levels of CEA,CA19-9,and CA72-4 were independently associated with the presence of gastrointestinal tumors,while Non-Motor Symptoms Scale was not significantly related.CONCLUSION This study uniquely combines neurological symptom scales and tumor markers to evaluate gastrointestinal tumor risk in patients with PD.The findings suggest that gastrointestinal dysfunction and tumor marker elevation are key clinical indicators,and highlight the importance of comprehensive assessment in identifying high-risk PD patients for timely intervention.
文摘This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Mechanism of An's Anorectal Fumigation Lotion in the Treatment of Inflammatory Mixed hemorrhoids based on Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway(No.CI2021A02104)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism by which An's anorectal fumigation lotion(AAFL)treats inflammatory mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS:Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats,with an equal number of males and females,were randomly assigned to the following four groups:control,model,AAFL,and positive groups.Following hemorrhoid induction,hemorrhoidal tissues were collected from the rats for analysis.Pathological alterations in these tissues were examined via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect inflammatory markers.The ultrastructural pathological changes in these tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to analyze the gene and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)p65,inhibitor of kappa-B(IκB),inhibitor of NF-κB kinase(IκK-β),interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the rats in each treatment group showed general improvements in hemorrhoidal tissue pathology.The AAFL group showed increased IκB expression and decreased IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB,p65,and IκK-βexpressions.CONCLUSION:AAFL can decrease the production of inflammatory markers by targeting the NF-κB pathway,resulting in improved pathological conditions in mixed hemorrhoids.Our findings will aid in the treatment of mixed hemorrhoids.
基金Supported by Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA,Inc.Medical writing support was provided by Luke Humphreys,PhD,of Oxford PharmaGenesis,Oxford,UK and was funded by Takeda Development Center Americas,Inc.
文摘BACKGROUND Data regarding complex Crohn’s perianal fistulas(CPF)epidemiology are limited,and optimal treatment strategies are elusive.An improved understanding of how CPF treatment options are used in the real-world setting and factors associated with CPF development,treatment failure,and reasons for undergoing multiple surgeries may help to inform optimal patient management strategies,reduce treatment burden,and improve outcomes in patients with CPF.AIM To describe the epidemiology,treatments,outcomes,and associated risk/protective factors for complex CPF.METHODS Electronic databases(MEDLINE,EMBASE,EBM Reviews,EconLit)were searched.Two reviewers independently used populations,interventions,comparators,outcomes,study designs,and time criteria to identify relevant studies.Observational studies published in English from January 1,2015 to February 17,2022 with>50 patients were included,even if complex CPF was not defined.Items of interest included complex CPF definitions,epidemiology,treatment patterns,morbidity,mortality,and risk factors associated with complex CPF development,treatment failure,and undergoing multiple surgeries.Data were reported using descriptive statistics.RESULTS Overall,140 studies were included.Complex CPF definitions were heterogeneous and rarely reported(24 studies).Hence,data mostly related to CPF in general.CPF prevalence was variable(range:1.5%-81.0%).Incidence was wide-ranging and mostly reported cumulatively at 1-year post-Crohn’s disease diagnosis(range:3.5%-50.1%).Overall healing and failure rates after treatment were in the range of 10.5%-80.2%and 3.6%-83.0%,respectively.Abscesses were the most frequently reported morbidity(n=18).No CPF-related deaths were reported.No consistent risk or protective factors were identified.CONCLUSION Epidemiology,treatment patterns,and risk factors for CPF vary,likely due to inconsistent CPF and clinical outcome definitions.Standardization would facilitate comparability,which may inform optimal complex CPF treatment strategies.
文摘TWith the global acceleration of population aging,the number of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)continues to rise,and falls have become one of the main issues affecting their health and quality of life.The risk of falls is significantly increased in PD patients due to multiple factors,including motor symptoms,non-motor symptoms,medication side effects,unsafe environments,and psychological or behavioral factors.Falls can cause severe physical injuries,reduce independence,and trigger psychological problems such as depression and anxiety.In recent years,both domestic and international studies have made progress in identifying fall risk factors,developing risk assessment tools,and implementing multidimensional prevention strategies.Effective preventive measures include high-risk population screening,disease progression monitoring,exercise rehabilitation training,management of non-motor symptoms,medication optimization,environmental safety modifications,and psychological-behavioral interventions.Scientific and systematic comprehensive management can help reduce the incidence of falls among PD patients and improve their quality of life.This review summarizes the latest research advances on the main risk factors and preventive strategies for falls in patients with Parkinson’s disease,providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical nursing and rehabilitation interventions.
文摘If there were any doubts about the Trump administration’s inherent obsession with decoupling,polarization and jolting of global trade,they can be laid to rest.A series of statements and measures have been made by the U.S.government on economic relations with China including administrative decision to hit Chinese goods with additional tariffs despite China.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82471046)the Joint Medical Research Project of Chongqing Health Commission and Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023GDRC004)the Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine of Chongqing Medical University(No.W0185).
文摘AIM:To investigate the expression of interferon regulatory factors(IRFs)in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome-related dry eye(SSDE)and to explore their correlation with clinical features,dendritic cell activation,and serological indicators.METHODS:A total of 53 SSDE patients and 62 non-Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye(NSSDE)patients were enrolled.Demographic and clinical data were collected,and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed,including the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaires,Schirmer I test(SIT),tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining score(CFS),and in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).PBMCs were isolated,and IRFs expression levels were analyzed using Western blotting(WB)and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Serological indicators,including antinuclear antibodies(ANA)and anti-Ro60,anti-Ro52,and anti-La autoantibodies,were detected.Statistical analyses evaluated correlations between IRFs expression and clinical parameters.RESULTS:Compared to NSSDE,the relative mRNA and protein expression of the IRF-8 was significantly upregulated in patients with SSDE(P<0.001),whereas no significant differences were observed in IRF-1,IRF-3,IRF-5,and IRF-7(P=0.12,P=0.10,P=0.66,P=0.96).Correlation analysis revealed that IRF-8 expression was positively associated with CFS and OSDI scores(r=0.57,r=0.38,both P<0.05).Moreover,IRF-8 expression correlated with corneal dendritic cell(DC)density and size,and the number of dendrites(r=0.43,r=0.40,r=0.65,all P<0.05).IRF-8 expression was significantly elevated in patients positive for anti-Ro60,anti-Ro52 and anti-La autoantibodies(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In SSDE,IRF-8 is upregulated and associated with clinical features,DC activation,and serological indicators.These findings suggest that IRF-8 plays a critical role in SSDE pathogenesis and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.
文摘Rare earths and other critical minerals are widely used in clean energy,semiconductors and other advanced industries,as well as in the defense sector.They are often described as the“gold of the 21st century”and the“vitamins of industry.”As the United States steps up its containment of China,the Trump administration places great emphasis on critical minerals security.
文摘On April 2,U.S.President Trump slapped“reciprocal tariffs”on over 100 global trading partners,hitting nine ASEAN member states hard.Alarmingly,even the UN-designated Least Developed Countries(LDCs)were not spared.These included Cambodia,where nearly 20 percent of the population lives below the poverty line,facing a 49 percent tariff;Laos,with a poverty rate near 20 percent,facing 48 percent;and Myanmar,which recently suffered a devastating earthquake,facing 44 percent.
文摘Ameeting between the leaders of China and the United States carries significance far beyond bilateral diplomacy.In an era characterized by strategic rivalry and economic tension,such engagement signals a shared recognition that dialogue remains indispensable.It reassures the world that the two largest economies,despite their differences,seek to manage their relationship responsibly rather than drift toward confrontation.Nowhere is the impact of this dynamic more deeply felt than in the Asia-Pacific,the primary engine of global growth.
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,No.MOST 111-2314-B-002-226Taiwan University Hospital,Hsin-Chu Branch,No.112-BIH017The Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation,Taiwan.
文摘BACKGROUND Anti-drug antibodies(ADAs)can reduce the effectiveness of biologics.While human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DQA1*05 allele is linked to ADA formation in European Crohn’s disease patients,its relevance in non-European populations remains unclear.AIM To investigate HLA genotypes associated with the development of ADAs in Taiwan Region of China inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients treated with biologics.METHODS In this multicenter study,IBD patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF),anti-integrin,or anti-interleukin(IL)-12/23 therapies from April 2022 to June 2024 were enrolled.All participants underwent next-generation sequencing for HLA genotyping.ADA levels were measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.HLA allele frequencies were compared between ADA-positive and ADA-negative groups,and against general Taiwan Region of China population data.RESULTS Ninety-five IBD patients were included:58 received anti-TNF therapy(38 infliximab,20 adalimumab),27 antiintegrin,and 10 anti-IL-12/23.ADAs occurred only in the anti-TNF group(n=22):19 infliximab(50%)and 3 adalimumab(15%).No ADAs developed in patients on anti-integrin or anti-IL-12/23 agents.HLA-C*03:04:01 was significantly associated with anti-infliximab ADAs(31.6%vs 0%,P=0.02),and HLA-B*15:18:01 with anti-adalimumab ADAs(66.7%vs 0%,P=0.016).HLA-DQA1*05 was not associated with ADA formation.Frequencies of HLA-C*03:04:01(8.4%vs 10.5%)and HLA-B*15:18:01(1.6%vs 0.6%)in IBD patients were comparable to those in the general population.ADA titers were inversely correlated with serum drug levels.CONCLUSION In Taiwan Region of China IBD patients,HLA-C*03:04:01 and HLA-B*15:18:01 were significantly associated with ADA development to infliximab and adalimumab,respectively.HLA-DQA1*05 was not predictive,highlighting ethnic differences in genetic predisposition to immunogenicity.
文摘The IPO price suppression phenomenon is extremely common in both mature and emerging capital markets,and high price suppression can lead to an imbalance in the market supply and demand mechanism and affect the sustainable and healthy operation of the capital market.In the Chinese mainland market,the causes of IPO price suppression are mainly imperfect trading systems and information asymmetry.In this paper,we will use the survey method,literature analysis,and quantitative analysis to study the phenomenon of underpricing in the Chinese IPO market and its causes,comparing the Chinese IPO market with the U.S.IPO market.Using international and national statistics,we will propose the reasons affecting the IPO underpricing rate and compare the IPO underpricing difference between China and the US horizontally.Taking the Chinese A-share market as the main character,we analyze the impact of market transactions on IPO suppression and propose measures to improve IPO suppression in China's mainland stock market.
