Spatially-coupled low-density parity-check(SC-LDPC)codes are prominent candidates for fu-ture communication standards due to their‘threshold saturation’properties.However,when facing burst erasures,the decoding proc...Spatially-coupled low-density parity-check(SC-LDPC)codes are prominent candidates for fu-ture communication standards due to their‘threshold saturation’properties.However,when facing burst erasures,the decoding process will stop and the decoding performances will dramatically de-grade.To improve the ability of burst erasure corrections,this paper proposes a two-dimensional SC-LDPC(2D-SC-LDPC)codes constructed by parallelly connecting two asymmetric SC-LDPC coupled chains for resistance to burst erasures.Density evolution algorithm is presented to evaluate the as-ymptotic performances against burst erasures,by which the maximum correctable burst erasure length can be computed.The analysis results show that the maximum correctable burst erasure lengths of the proposed 2D-SC-LDPC codes are much larger than the SC-LDPC codes and the asym-metric SC-LDPC codes.Finite-length performance simulation results of the 2D-SC-LDPC codes over the burst erasure channel confirm the excellent asymptotic performances.展开更多
In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) correction scheme is proposed to improve the performance of conventional Min-Sum (MS) decoding of regular low density parity check codes. The adopted algorithm to obtain the correc...In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) correction scheme is proposed to improve the performance of conventional Min-Sum (MS) decoding of regular low density parity check codes. The adopted algorithm to obtain the correction factors is simply based on estimating the mean square difference (MSD) between the transmitted codeword and the posteriori information of both bit and check node that produced at the MS decoder. Semi-practical tests using software-defined radio (SDR) and specific code simulations show that the proposed quasi-optimal algorithm provides a comparable error performance as Sum-Product (SP) decoding while requiring less complexity.展开更多
Objective: to study and try to apply Internet medical technology to clinical nursing work, so as to improve clinical nursing service. Methods: a total of 100 patients in Department of general surgery and Department of...Objective: to study and try to apply Internet medical technology to clinical nursing work, so as to improve clinical nursing service. Methods: a total of 100 patients in Department of general surgery and Department of orthopedics were collected. The data of temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiration were collected and uploaded to the cloud database. Make the website QR code as the only identification mark of the patient. The QR code corresponds to the home page of the patient's vital signs browsing, and automatically refresh the home page to search the real-time vital signs data in the cloud. The QR code is posted on the bedside card for scanning or forwarding. Then investigate the satisfaction of family members and medical staff. Results: to realize the integration of Internet technology and clinical nursing service, and make the patient's condition information public to the family members, so as to explore a new model of clinical nursing based on Internet technology.展开更多
Let Ф（u ×v, k, Aa, Ac） be the largest possible number of codewords among all two- dimensional （u ×v, k, λa, λc） optical orthogonal codes. A 2-D （u× v, k, λa, λ）-OOC with Ф（u× v, k, λ...Let Ф（u ×v, k, Aa, Ac） be the largest possible number of codewords among all two- dimensional （u ×v, k, λa, λc） optical orthogonal codes. A 2-D （u× v, k, λa, λ）-OOC with Ф（u× v, k, λa, λc） codewords is said to be maximum. In this paper, the number of codewords of a maximum 2-D （u × v, 4, 1, 3）-OOC has been determined.展开更多
Some theorems of compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension Daubechies wavelet were analysed carefully. Compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension wavelet was constructed, then non-tensor...Some theorems of compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension Daubechies wavelet were analysed carefully. Compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension wavelet was constructed, then non-tensor product form two dimension wavelet finite element was used to solve the deflection problem of elastic thin plate. The error order was researched. A numerical example was given at last.展开更多
The adaptive mesh refinement （AMR） method is applied in the 2-D Euler multi-component elasticplastic hydrodynamics code （MEPH2Y）. It is applied on detonation. Firstly, the AMR method is described, including a cons...The adaptive mesh refinement （AMR） method is applied in the 2-D Euler multi-component elasticplastic hydrodynamics code （MEPH2Y）. It is applied on detonation. Firstly, the AMR method is described, including a conservative spatial interpolation, the time integration methodology with the adapitve time increment and an adaptive computational region method. The advantage of AMR technique is exhibited by numerical examples, including the 1-D C-J detonation and the 2-D implosion ignited from a single point. Results show that AMR can promote the computational efficiency, keeping the accuracy in interesting regions.展开更多
By considering the effect of suspended solid particles in the ordinary equations for two-dimension inviscid incompressible mixing layer, the Rayleigh equation and the modified Rayleigh equation are obtained. And then,...By considering the effect of suspended solid particles in the ordinary equations for two-dimension inviscid incompressible mixing layer, the Rayleigh equation and the modified Rayleigh equation are obtained. And then, by solving the corresponding eigen-value equations with numerical computational method, the relation curves between perturbation frequency and spacial growth rate of the mixing layer for the varying particle loading, ratio of particle velocity to fluid velocity and Stokes number are got. Sever al important conclusions on the effect of suspended solid particles on unstability of the mixing layer are presented in the end by analyzing all the relation curves.展开更多
The surface quality of fine-grained ZrO2 engineering ceramic were researched using 270# diamond wheel both with and without work-piece two-dimension ultrasonic vibration grinding（WTDUVG）. By AFM images, the surface ...The surface quality of fine-grained ZrO2 engineering ceramic were researched using 270# diamond wheel both with and without work-piece two-dimension ultrasonic vibration grinding（WTDUVG）. By AFM images, the surface topography and the micro structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding ceramics were especially analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the surface roughness is related to grinding vibration mode and the material removal mechanism. Surface quality of WTDUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, and it is easy for two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile mode grinding.展开更多
As a kind of subculture, The two-dimensional culture came of age during the 1970s in Japan and spread to China in the 1980s. In China, the culture has become an important economic force and social capital get more and...As a kind of subculture, The two-dimensional culture came of age during the 1970s in Japan and spread to China in the 1980s. In China, the culture has become an important economic force and social capital get more and more attention to it as well. This paper mainly discusses the origin and development of the two-dimensional clothing, and summed up the inherent characteristics and the internal developing law of it, furthermore, on the stage of current situation of two-dimensional economy this paper will conclude the development trend of next days.展开更多
In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab C...In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.展开更多
A two-stage algorithm based on deep learning for the detection and recognition of can bottom spray codes and numbers is proposed to address the problems of small character areas and fast production line speeds in can ...A two-stage algorithm based on deep learning for the detection and recognition of can bottom spray codes and numbers is proposed to address the problems of small character areas and fast production line speeds in can bottom spray code number recognition.In the coding number detection stage,Differentiable Binarization Network is used as the backbone network,combined with the Attention and Dilation Convolutions Path Aggregation Network feature fusion structure to enhance the model detection effect.In terms of text recognition,using the Scene Visual Text Recognition coding number recognition network for end-to-end training can alleviate the problem of coding recognition errors caused by image color distortion due to variations in lighting and background noise.In addition,model pruning and quantization are used to reduce the number ofmodel parameters to meet deployment requirements in resource-constrained environments.A comparative experiment was conducted using the dataset of tank bottom spray code numbers collected on-site,and a transfer experiment was conducted using the dataset of packaging box production date.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this study can effectively locate the coding of cans at different positions on the roller conveyor,and can accurately identify the coding numbers at high production line speeds.The Hmean value of the coding number detection is 97.32%,and the accuracy of the coding number recognition is 98.21%.This verifies that the algorithm proposed in this paper has high accuracy in coding number detection and recognition.展开更多
The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation...The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)suite.Once this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/IR.Red Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the transfer.The two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each other.It would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate workflows.Introducing these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.展开更多
Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition d...Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition degree can easily be adjusted simultaneously.This paper introduces a new type of pliable FR codes,called absolute balanced pliable FR(ABPFR)codes,in which the access balancing in DSS is considered.Additionally,the equivalence between pliable FR codes and resolvable transversal packings in combinatorial design theory is presented.Then constructions of pliable FR codes and ABPFR codes based on resolvable transversal packings are presented.展开更多
Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitat...Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.展开更多
In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over ...In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).展开更多
Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into...Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into neuroscience, proposing the concept of combinatorial neural codes. And it was further studied in depth using algebraic methods by C. Curto. In this paper, we construct a class of combinatorial neural codes with special properties based on classical combinatorial structures such as orthogonal Latin rectangle, disjoint Steiner systems, groupable designs and transversal designs. These neural codes have significant weight distribution properties and large minimum distances, and are thus valuable for potential applications in information representation and neuroscience. This study provides new ideas for the construction method and property analysis of combinatorial neural codes, and enriches the study of algebraic coding theory.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19B2015,62271386,61801371).
文摘Spatially-coupled low-density parity-check(SC-LDPC)codes are prominent candidates for fu-ture communication standards due to their‘threshold saturation’properties.However,when facing burst erasures,the decoding process will stop and the decoding performances will dramatically de-grade.To improve the ability of burst erasure corrections,this paper proposes a two-dimensional SC-LDPC(2D-SC-LDPC)codes constructed by parallelly connecting two asymmetric SC-LDPC coupled chains for resistance to burst erasures.Density evolution algorithm is presented to evaluate the as-ymptotic performances against burst erasures,by which the maximum correctable burst erasure length can be computed.The analysis results show that the maximum correctable burst erasure lengths of the proposed 2D-SC-LDPC codes are much larger than the SC-LDPC codes and the asym-metric SC-LDPC codes.Finite-length performance simulation results of the 2D-SC-LDPC codes over the burst erasure channel confirm the excellent asymptotic performances.
文摘In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) correction scheme is proposed to improve the performance of conventional Min-Sum (MS) decoding of regular low density parity check codes. The adopted algorithm to obtain the correction factors is simply based on estimating the mean square difference (MSD) between the transmitted codeword and the posteriori information of both bit and check node that produced at the MS decoder. Semi-practical tests using software-defined radio (SDR) and specific code simulations show that the proposed quasi-optimal algorithm provides a comparable error performance as Sum-Product (SP) decoding while requiring less complexity.
文摘Objective: to study and try to apply Internet medical technology to clinical nursing work, so as to improve clinical nursing service. Methods: a total of 100 patients in Department of general surgery and Department of orthopedics were collected. The data of temperature, blood pressure, pulse and respiration were collected and uploaded to the cloud database. Make the website QR code as the only identification mark of the patient. The QR code corresponds to the home page of the patient's vital signs browsing, and automatically refresh the home page to search the real-time vital signs data in the cloud. The QR code is posted on the bedside card for scanning or forwarding. Then investigate the satisfaction of family members and medical staff. Results: to realize the integration of Internet technology and clinical nursing service, and make the patient's condition information public to the family members, so as to explore a new model of clinical nursing based on Internet technology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61071221,10831002)
文摘Let Ф（u ×v, k, Aa, Ac） be the largest possible number of codewords among all two- dimensional （u ×v, k, λa, λc） optical orthogonal codes. A 2-D （u× v, k, λa, λ）-OOC with Ф（u× v, k, λa, λc） codewords is said to be maximum. In this paper, the number of codewords of a maximum 2-D （u × v, 4, 1, 3）-OOC has been determined.
文摘Some theorems of compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension Daubechies wavelet were analysed carefully. Compactly supported non-tensor product form two-dimension wavelet was constructed, then non-tensor product form two dimension wavelet finite element was used to solve the deflection problem of elastic thin plate. The error order was researched. A numerical example was given at last.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10676120)Laboratory of Computational Physics Foundation(9140C690101070C69)
文摘The adaptive mesh refinement （AMR） method is applied in the 2-D Euler multi-component elasticplastic hydrodynamics code （MEPH2Y）. It is applied on detonation. Firstly, the AMR method is described, including a conservative spatial interpolation, the time integration methodology with the adapitve time increment and an adaptive computational region method. The advantage of AMR technique is exhibited by numerical examples, including the 1-D C-J detonation and the 2-D implosion ignited from a single point. Results show that AMR can promote the computational efficiency, keeping the accuracy in interesting regions.
文摘By considering the effect of suspended solid particles in the ordinary equations for two-dimension inviscid incompressible mixing layer, the Rayleigh equation and the modified Rayleigh equation are obtained. And then, by solving the corresponding eigen-value equations with numerical computational method, the relation curves between perturbation frequency and spacial growth rate of the mixing layer for the varying particle loading, ratio of particle velocity to fluid velocity and Stokes number are got. Sever al important conclusions on the effect of suspended solid particles on unstability of the mixing layer are presented in the end by analyzing all the relation curves.
基金Funded by the Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(2006021026)
文摘The surface quality of fine-grained ZrO2 engineering ceramic were researched using 270# diamond wheel both with and without work-piece two-dimension ultrasonic vibration grinding（WTDUVG）. By AFM images, the surface topography and the micro structure of the two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding ceramics were especially analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the surface roughness is related to grinding vibration mode and the material removal mechanism. Surface quality of WTDUVG is superior to that of conventional grinding, and it is easy for two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration grinding that material removal mechanism is ductile mode grinding.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant NO. 00000000） and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University （Grant NO.TD2010-2）.
文摘As a kind of subculture, The two-dimensional culture came of age during the 1970s in Japan and spread to China in the 1980s. In China, the culture has become an important economic force and social capital get more and more attention to it as well. This paper mainly discusses the origin and development of the two-dimensional clothing, and summed up the inherent characteristics and the internal developing law of it, furthermore, on the stage of current situation of two-dimensional economy this paper will conclude the development trend of next days.
文摘In the article“Deep Learning-Enhanced Brain Tumor Prediction via Entropy-Coded BPSO in CIELAB Color Space”by Mudassir Khalil,Muhammad Imran Sharif,Ahmed Naeem,Muhammad Umar Chaudhry,Hafiz Tayyab Rauf,Adham E.Ragab Computers,Materials&Continua,2023,Vol.77,No.2,pp.2031–2047.DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.043687,URL:https://www.techscience.com/cmc/v77n2/54831,there was an error regarding the affiliation for the author Hafiz Tayyab Rauf.Instead of“Centre for Smart Systems,AI and Cybersecurity,Staffordshire University,Stoke-on-Trent,ST42DE,UK”,the affiliation should be“Independent Researcher,Bradford,BD80HS,UK”.
文摘A two-stage algorithm based on deep learning for the detection and recognition of can bottom spray codes and numbers is proposed to address the problems of small character areas and fast production line speeds in can bottom spray code number recognition.In the coding number detection stage,Differentiable Binarization Network is used as the backbone network,combined with the Attention and Dilation Convolutions Path Aggregation Network feature fusion structure to enhance the model detection effect.In terms of text recognition,using the Scene Visual Text Recognition coding number recognition network for end-to-end training can alleviate the problem of coding recognition errors caused by image color distortion due to variations in lighting and background noise.In addition,model pruning and quantization are used to reduce the number ofmodel parameters to meet deployment requirements in resource-constrained environments.A comparative experiment was conducted using the dataset of tank bottom spray code numbers collected on-site,and a transfer experiment was conducted using the dataset of packaging box production date.The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this study can effectively locate the coding of cans at different positions on the roller conveyor,and can accurately identify the coding numbers at high production line speeds.The Hmean value of the coding number detection is 97.32%,and the accuracy of the coding number recognition is 98.21%.This verifies that the algorithm proposed in this paper has high accuracy in coding number detection and recognition.
文摘The care of a patient involved in major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage is time-critical to achieve definitive haemorrhage control,and it requires coordinated multidisciplinary care.During initial resuscitation of a patient in the emergency department(ED),Code Crimson activation facilitates rapid decisionmaking by multi-disciplinary specialists for definitive haemorrhage control in operating theatre(OT)and/or interventional radiology(IR)suite.Once this decision has been made,there may still be various factors that lead to delay in transporting the patient from ED to OT/IR.Red Blanket protocol identifies and addresses these factors and processes which cause delay,and aims to facilitate rapid and safe transport of the haemodynamically unstable patient from ED to OT,while minimizing delay in resuscitation during the transfer.The two processes,Code Crimson and Red Blanket,complement each other.It would be ideal to merge the two processes into a single protocol rather than having two separate workflows.Introducing these quality improvement strategies and coor-dinated processes within the trauma framework of the hospitals/healthcare systems will help in further improving the multi-disciplinary care for the complex trauma patients requiring rapid and definitive haemorrhage control.
基金Supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0712300)NSFC(No.61872353)。
文摘Fraction repetition(FR)codes are integral in distributed storage systems(DSS)with exact repair-by-transfer,while pliable fraction repetition codes are vital for DSSs in which both the per-node storage and repetition degree can easily be adjusted simultaneously.This paper introduces a new type of pliable FR codes,called absolute balanced pliable FR(ABPFR)codes,in which the access balancing in DSS is considered.Additionally,the equivalence between pliable FR codes and resolvable transversal packings in combinatorial design theory is presented.Then constructions of pliable FR codes and ABPFR codes based on resolvable transversal packings are presented.
基金supported by the External Cooperation Program of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China(2024I0016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZQN-1005).
文摘Multilevel coding(MLC)is a commonly used polar coded modulation scheme,but challenging to implement in engineering due to its high complexity and long decoding delay for high-order modulations.To address these limitations,a novel two-level serially concatenated MLC scheme,in which the bitlevels with similar reliability are bundled and transmitted together,is proposed.The proposed scheme hierarchically protects the two bit-level sets:the bitlevel sets at the higher level are sufficiently reliable and do not require excessive resources for protection,whereas only the bit-level sets at the lower level are encoded by polar codes.The proposed scheme has the advantages of low power consumption,low delay and high reliability.Moreover,an optimized constellation signal labeling rule that can enhance the performance is proposed.Finally,the superiority of the proposed scheme is validated through the theoretical analysis and simulation results.Compared with the bit interleaving coding modulation(BICM)scheme,under 256-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM),the proposed scheme attains a performance gain of 1.0 dB while reducing the decoding complexity by 54.55%.
基金Supported by Research Funds of Hubei Province(D20144401,Q20174503)。
文摘In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).
文摘Neuroscience (also known as neurobiology) is a science that studies the structure, function, development, pharmacology and pathology of the nervous system. In recent years, C. Cotardo has introduced coding theory into neuroscience, proposing the concept of combinatorial neural codes. And it was further studied in depth using algebraic methods by C. Curto. In this paper, we construct a class of combinatorial neural codes with special properties based on classical combinatorial structures such as orthogonal Latin rectangle, disjoint Steiner systems, groupable designs and transversal designs. These neural codes have significant weight distribution properties and large minimum distances, and are thus valuable for potential applications in information representation and neuroscience. This study provides new ideas for the construction method and property analysis of combinatorial neural codes, and enriches the study of algebraic coding theory.
