This research conducts a comprehensive experimental study of the entire filling system process at the Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine(WSLREM)in Shandong Province,encompassing tailings thickening,feeding,slurry preparatio...This research conducts a comprehensive experimental study of the entire filling system process at the Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine(WSLREM)in Shandong Province,encompassing tailings thickening,feeding,slurry preparation,and pipeline transportation.It proposes a complete and efficient upgrade solution for an intelligent paste filling system.The results show that the F1 flocculant was selected to prepare a flocculant solution with a solution concentration of 0.1%.The unit consumption is set to 25 g·t^(-1),and the flocculation and sedimentation effects are optimal when the mass concentration is 15%,with an underflow concentration of 62%.The selection experiment of cementitious material shows that the effect of using new cementitious material is better than that of traditional 32.5R Portland cement.At the same time,rheological experiments on the filling slurry were carried out,and the filling transportation pressure was studied by combining theoretical calculations with numerical simulations.The research results have guiding significance for the debugging of filling pumps and the selection of a filling pipeline.After the application of industrial transformation,the underflow concentration of the sand silo was 64%–66%,the slurry concentration was 68%–72%,the addition range of the cementing material was 1∶16–1∶4,and the filling capacity was 40–60 m^(3)·h^(-1).The intelligent upgrade and transformation of the filling system have yielded remarkable results,providing significant reference value for the intelligent filling transformation of similar mines.展开更多
This paper presents a geometric perspective that connects reciprocal transformations with multidimensional integrable deformations.By interpreting conservation laws as closed 1-forms,we formalize reciprocal transforma...This paper presents a geometric perspective that connects reciprocal transformations with multidimensional integrable deformations.By interpreting conservation laws as closed 1-forms,we formalize reciprocal transformations as induced local diffeomorphisms on the jet bundle.This allows us to characterize higher-dimensional deformations as systematic fiber bundle extensions,where fiber coordinates are generated by potential functions of the conservation laws.This perspective provides an interpretation for the covariant lifting of Lax pairs to higher dimensions and reveals that auto-Backlund transformations are composite diffeomorphisms.These results are applied to several classical integrable models.展开更多
Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.Howev...Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.展开更多
Rising global temperatures alongside increasing energy demand highlight the imperative for sustainable and energy-efficient refrigeration technologies.Magnetic refrigeration,based on the magnetocaloric effect(MCE),pre...Rising global temperatures alongside increasing energy demand highlight the imperative for sustainable and energy-efficient refrigeration technologies.Magnetic refrigeration,based on the magnetocaloric effect(MCE),presents a compelling solid-state alternative to traditional vapor-compression systems.However,many high-performance magnetocaloric materials rely on critical elements such as rare earths,cobalt and germanium.Despite extensive compositional flexibility,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have predominantly been investigated in equiatomic compositions incorporating significant quantities of highly critical elements to achieve large MCE or mixing rare-earth elements in majority proportions that only yield moderate MCE values,thereby failing to address issues of material criticality.In this study,we present a criticality-aware design strategy for the MnNiSi-HEA system,exemplifying a prototype of the latest third-generation HEAs.Various substitutional approaches were evaluated to achieve the coupling between magnetic and structural transitions.The most effective pathway,identified through the co-substitution of Fe and Cu reduces the structural transition temperature by over 900 K relative to MnNiSi while preserving the ferromagnetic characteristics of the low-temperature phase,successfully inducing a first-order magnetostructural transformation near room temperature.The resulting alloys,Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)Ni_(1−x)Cu_(x)Si,exhibit coupled transitions spanning more than 100 K and demonstrate the highest MCE reported to date among HEAs free of cobalt,germanium and rare-earth elements,outperforming previous records by 360%.Complementary density functional theory calculations confirm the stability of the orthorhombic and hexagonal phases.Predictions of lattice entropy change closely match calorimetric measurements.This study establishes a new benchmark for low-criticality magnetocaloric HEAs,underscoring that optimal functional performance and sustainable material development can be achieved concomitantly.The proposed design methodology offers a valuable framework for advancing resource-resilient solid-state cooling materials and underscores the potential of HEAs as a platform for sustainable functional materials.展开更多
This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine and compare deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation and classification using MRI and other imaging modalities,focusing on recent trends from 2022 to 20...This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine and compare deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation and classification using MRI and other imaging modalities,focusing on recent trends from 2022 to 2025.The primary objective is to evaluate methodological advancements,model performance,dataset usage,and existing challenges in developing clinically robust AI systems.We included peer-reviewed journal articles and highimpact conference papers published between 2022 and 2025,written in English,that proposed or evaluated deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation and/or classification.Excluded were non-open-access publications,books,and non-English articles.A structured search was conducted across Scopus,Google Scholar,Wiley,and Taylor&Francis,with the last search performed in August 2025.Risk of bias was not formally quantified but considered during full-text screening based on dataset diversity,validation methods,and availability of performance metrics.We used narrative synthesis and tabular benchmarking to compare performance metrics(e.g.,accuracy,Dice score)across model types(CNN,Transformer,Hybrid),imaging modalities,and datasets.A total of 49 studies were included(43 journal articles and 6 conference papers).These studies spanned over 9 public datasets(e.g.,BraTS,Figshare,REMBRANDT,MOLAB)and utilized a range of imaging modalities,predominantly MRI.Hybrid models,especially ResViT and UNetFormer,consistently achieved high performance,with classification accuracy exceeding 98%and segmentation Dice scores above 0.90 across multiple studies.Transformers and hybrid architectures showed increasing adoption post2023.Many studies lacked external validation and were evaluated only on a few benchmark datasets,raising concerns about generalizability and dataset bias.Few studies addressed clinical interpretability or uncertainty quantification.Despite promising results,particularly for hybrid deep learning models,widespread clinical adoption remains limited due to lack of validation,interpretability concerns,and real-world deployment barriers.展开更多
Industrial fault diagnosis is a critical challenge in complex systems,where sensor data is often noisy and interdependencies between components are difficult to capture.Traditional methods struggle to effectively mode...Industrial fault diagnosis is a critical challenge in complex systems,where sensor data is often noisy and interdependencies between components are difficult to capture.Traditional methods struggle to effectively model these complexities.This paper presents a novel approach by transforming fault diagnosis into a graph recognition task,using sensor data represented as graph-structured data with the k-nearest neighbors(KNN)algorithm.A Graph Transformer is applied to extract node and graph features,with a combined loss function of cross-entropy and weighted consistency loss to stabilize graph representations.Experiments on the TFF dataset show that Graph Transformer combined with consistency loss outperforms conventional methods in fault diagnosis accuracy,offering a promising solution for enhancing fault detection in industrial systems.展开更多
At a critical juncture of global industrial transformation and economic recovery,the 2026 China Expo Forum for International Cooperation(CEFCO)recently concluded in Wuhan.Dubbed the“Davos of the exhibition industry”...At a critical juncture of global industrial transformation and economic recovery,the 2026 China Expo Forum for International Cooperation(CEFCO)recently concluded in Wuhan.Dubbed the“Davos of the exhibition industry”,the forum,attracted more than 600 exhibition professionals from over 20 countries and regions.展开更多
Genetic transformation experiments of the different explants from Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were carried out in darkness or in light. The optimizing culture system...Genetic transformation experiments of the different explants from Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were carried out in darkness or in light. The optimizing culture system of Ri T-DNA transformed roots for C. grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You was constructed as follows： After the ventral wounded striations on the single activation cotyledon were inoculated by A. rhizogenes A4 （logarithmic period）, they were cocultured at （25 ±2）℃ in darkness for 25-30 days; some transformed roots were generated from wounded striations of most cotyledons. The genetically transformed ratio is （83 ± 11）%. Axenic Ri T-DNA transformed roots （hairy roots） were harvested after five subcultures. Explants were activated on MT medium. The MS medium was used for subculture of transformed roots. Mass Ri T-DNA transformed roots in which the hormone was produced independently were harvested from this optimizing culture system. White, fresh Ri T-DNA transformed roots were （1.14 ±0.07） cm long, （0.73 ±0.04） mm wide, and the growth direction of transformed roots was negative geotropism.展开更多
In the context of the digital transformation of vocational education,a quality evaluation index system has been constructed.Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among higher vocational colleges and enterprises in...In the context of the digital transformation of vocational education,a quality evaluation index system has been constructed.Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among higher vocational colleges and enterprises in Hainan Province,it has been found that the quality of vocational education generally depends on the talent training program and professional construction at the macro level.At the meso level,the teacher level and teaching environment are critical,while at the micro level,the evaluation of talent training quality cannot be underestimated.Strategies for quality improvement in vocational education are proposed from the perspectives of talent training programs,major construction,teacher development,teaching environment,and talent training quality,all under the lens of digital transformation.展开更多
Variation in soil properties as a result of the conversion of the tropical rainforest to a monospecific plantation of teak,tectona grandis,was examined in Akure forest reserve in Southwestern Nigeria.Comparison was ma...Variation in soil properties as a result of the conversion of the tropical rainforest to a monospecific plantation of teak,tectona grandis,was examined in Akure forest reserve in Southwestern Nigeria.Comparison was made in the active rooting zone of 50 cm soil depth.It was discovered that there were no significant differences in the physical properties except in the value of organic matter content at the top 10 cm layer but chemical properties such as the pH and organic carbon changed significantly at the top 10 cm layer.Differences in other chemical properties,such as the available P,exchangeable cations K,Ca and Mg,the exchangeable acidity and the cation exchange capacity were minor.This showed that no nutrient was limiting or was likely to be limiting in the soil for subsequent short rotation of plantation development.展开更多
In this paper we use Böcklund transformation to construct soliton solutions for a coupled KdV system.This system was first proposed by Wang in 2010.First we generalize the well-known Bäcklund transformation ...In this paper we use Böcklund transformation to construct soliton solutions for a coupled KdV system.This system was first proposed by Wang in 2010.First we generalize the well-known Bäcklund transformation for the KdV equation to such coupled KdV system.Then from a trivial seed solution,we construct soliton solutions.We also give a nonlinear superposition formula,which allows us to generate multi-soliton solutions.展开更多
A simplified CaO-V_(2)O_(5)-MnO_(2) system was established to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the transformation behavior of vanadates.The results demonstrated dynamic transformations between calcium vana...A simplified CaO-V_(2)O_(5)-MnO_(2) system was established to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the transformation behavior of vanadates.The results demonstrated dynamic transformations between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate as n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))ratios and roasting temperatures varied.When MnO_(2) was incrementally added with n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,some Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) converted to Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The mass of vanadium as calcium vanadate consistently exceeded that as manganese vanadate.Conversely,when CaO was gradually added with n(MnO_(2))/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7) tended to transform into Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) and Ca3V2O8.The affinity of vanadium for calcium was higher compared that of vanadium for manganese.The specific type of calcium vanadate formed depended on both n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))values and roasting temperatures,while manganese vanadate remained predominantly as Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The influence of roasting temperature on the conversion between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate was minimal.At n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))of 2/1/2 and temperatures ranging from 650 to 850°C,the mass ratio of vanadium present as calcium vanadate to manganese vanadate stabilized at approximately 2.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is crucial for plant growth.However,its low availability in subtropical soils necessitates that trees rely on microorganisms for effective P acquisition.The introduction of broadleaf trees has been shown ...Phosphorus(P)is crucial for plant growth.However,its low availability in subtropical soils necessitates that trees rely on microorganisms for effective P acquisition.The introduction of broadleaf trees has been shown to facilitate P acquisition in coniferous plantations by altering the rhizosphere fungal communities.Despite this,functional shifts in these communities and the expression of root phosphorus cycling genes(PCGs)remain inadequately understood.This study investigated coniferous Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations interplanted with broadleaf species associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)or ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungi.Rhizosphere soil and fine roots from the conifers were analyzed to examine soil bioavailable P fractions,root mycorrhizal colonization,rhizosphere fungal community composition,enzyme function predictions,and root PCGs expression.We found that citric-P in rhizospheric soil of P.massoniana increased with the introduction of Quercus gilva(an ECM-associated tree species),whereas Bray-P content in the rhizosphere of C.lanceolata decreased upon the introduction of either Q.gilva or Phoebe zhennan(an ECM-associated tree species).Moreover,the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi(e.g.,Mortierella)increased following the introduction of broadleaf trees.Specifically,the introduction of Q.gilva was associated with elevated levels of organic P mineralization genes(e.g.,phoA)and enzymes(e.g.,phytases and acid phosphatase(ACP))in conifers.In contrast,the introduction of P.zhennan increased the expression of inorganic P solubilization genes(such as qppC in P.massoniana roots and ppa in C.lanceolata roots).Key contributors to P absorption in conifer roots included Cenococcum,Rhizopogon,and Glomus.This study advances our understanding of P cycling in coniferous rhizospheres and the dynamics of coexisting mycorrhizal tree systems,yielding valuable insights into sustainable management of plantation ecosystems.展开更多
Gradient coil is an essential component of a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanner.To achieve high spatial resolution and imaging speed,a high-efficiency gradient coil with high slew rate is required.In consideration...Gradient coil is an essential component of a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanner.To achieve high spatial resolution and imaging speed,a high-efficiency gradient coil with high slew rate is required.In consideration of the safety and comfort of the patient,the mechanical stability,acoustic noise and peripheral nerve stimulation(PNS)are also need to be concerned for practical use.In our previous work,a high-efficiency whole-body gradient coil set with a hybrid cylindrical-planar structure has been presented,which offers significantly improved coil performances.In this work,we propose to design this transverse gradient coil system with transformed magnetic gradient fields.By shifting up the zero point of gradient fields,the designed new Y-gradient coil could provide enhanced electromagnetic performances.With more uniform coil winding arrangement,the net torque of the new coil is significantly reduced and the generated sound pressure level(SPL)is lower at most tested frequency bands.On the other hand,the new transverse gradient coil designed with rotated magnetic gradient fields produces considerably reduced electric field in the human body,which is important for the use of rapid MR sequences.It's demonstrated that a safer and patient-friendly design could be obtained by using transformed magnetic gradient fields,which is critical for practical use.展开更多
Large-scale damming has emerged as a prevalent global trend,significantly impacting nutrient transport and transformation,as well as the downstream ecological environment.Nitrogen and phosphorus are fundamental elemen...Large-scale damming has emerged as a prevalent global trend,significantly impacting nutrient transport and transformation,as well as the downstream ecological environment.Nitrogen and phosphorus are fundamental elements of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems and serve as key limiting factors in reservoir eutrophication.This review focuses on the impact of damming on the transport and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus,regarding changes in nutrient concentrations,fluxes,and proportions.Spatial changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations primarily occur at the inlet and outlet of reservoirs,while temporal changes often exhibit seasonal patterns.At a global scale,phosphorus is preferentially removed from reservoirs compared to nitrogen.The factors influencing the transport and transformation processes of nitrogen and phosphorus in reservoirs include the physicochemical properties of water bodies and human activities.Additionally,nitrogen dynamics are affected by reservoir age,storage capacity,and water storage regulation modes,whereas phosphorus dynamics are also influenced by hydrodynamic conditions.Finally,this review summarizes the impact of damming on the downstream ecological environment and outlines future research directions,providing theoretical support for the management of river–reservoir ecosystems and promoting the green and sustainable development of hydropower in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.展开更多
Pepper(Capsicum annuum)is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide,which makes the development of an effective protoplast system for transient gene expression highly significant.Typically,plant protopla...Pepper(Capsicum annuum)is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide,which makes the development of an effective protoplast system for transient gene expression highly significant.Typically,plant protoplasts are initially isolated through enzymatic digestion and then used for transient transformations mediated by polyethylene glycol(PEG).However,PEG-mediated protoplast transformation suffers from low and inconsistent efficiency,is influenced by various factors,and requires greater operator expertise.Here,we present a simple and efficient protoplast system for transient gene expression in C.annuum and Nicotiana benthamiana,without PEG-mediated transfection.This procedure involved using the first and second fully expanded true leaves of pepper and N.benthamiana plants at the six-leaf stage for Agrobacterium infiltration,followed by enzymatic digestion for protoplast isolation.The resulting protoplast transfections achieved remarkably high efficiencies,facilitating functional analyses such as subcellular localization and protein—protein interaction studies(for example,BiFC,Co-IP,and Split-LUC assays).Thus,we have demonstrated a simplified and highly efficient transient expression system for protoplasts and potential wide-ranging applications in C.annuum and N.benthamiana while bypassing PEG-mediated transfection.展开更多
Indoor localization is a fundamental requirement for future 6G Intelligent Sensing and Communication(ISAC)systems,enabling precise navigation in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)signals are unavailable...Indoor localization is a fundamental requirement for future 6G Intelligent Sensing and Communication(ISAC)systems,enabling precise navigation in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)signals are unavailable.Existing methods,such as map-based navigation or site-specific fingerprinting,often require intensive data collection and lack generalization capability across different buildings,thereby limiting scalability.This study proposes a cross-site,map-free indoor localization framework that uses low-frequency sub-1 GHz radio signals and a Transformer-based neural network for robust positioning without prior environmental knowledge.The Transformer’s self-attention mechanisms allow it to capture spatial correlations among anchor nodes,facilitating accurate localization in unseen environments.Evaluation across two validation sites demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness.In crosssite testing(Site-A),the Transformer achieved a mean localization error of 9.44 m,outperforming the Deep Neural Network(DNN)(10.76 m)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)(12.02 m)baselines.In a real-time deployment(Site-B)spanning three floors,the Transformer maintained an overall mean error of 9.81 m,compared with 13.45 m for DNN,12.88 m for CNN,and 53.08 m for conventional trilateration.For vertical positioning,the Transformer delivered a mean error of 4.52 m,exceeding the performance of DNN(4.59 m),CNN(4.87 m),and trilateration(>45 m).The results confirm that the Transformer-based framework generalizes across heterogeneous indoor environments without requiring site-specific calibration,providing stable,sub-12 m horizontal accuracy and reliable vertical estimation.This capability makes the framework suitable for real-time applications in smart buildings,emergency response,and autonomous systems.By utilizing multipath reflections as an informative structure rather than treating them as noise,this work advances artificial intelligence(AI)-native indoor localization as a scalable and efficient component of future 6G ISAC networks.展开更多
This study examines the digital transformation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)education within the context of global standardization,along with the challenges and opportunities of its cross-cultural dissemination...This study examines the digital transformation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)education within the context of global standardization,along with the challenges and opportunities of its cross-cultural dissemination.With the rapid advancement of technologies such as artificial intelligence,virtual reality,and blockchain,TCM education is experiencing a significant disruption and innovation of its traditional models.The research develops a“Standard-Technology-Culture”tri-spiral model to analyze how TCM education can achieve a seamless integration of standardization,technological innovation,and cultural preservation during its globalization process.The study finds that standardization provides the foundation for TCM education’s global expansion,while technological innovation drives the transformation of educational methodologies.Simultaneously,cultural preservation ensures the distinctiveness of TCM education.However,the tension between standardization and the unique characteristics of TCM,as well as the balance between technological empowerment and cultural transmission,remain critical challenges in the ongoing transformation.Based on these findings,the study proposes strategies such as the“digital apprenticeship”model and blockchain-based certification systems to advance the globalization and digital transformation of TCM education,providing theoretical support for the creation of a global health community.展开更多
The phase transformation of galena in H_(2)SO_(4)-Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3) system under oxygen pressure was investigated.Results indicated that the critical conditions for the phase transformation of galena into lead jarosi...The phase transformation of galena in H_(2)SO_(4)-Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3) system under oxygen pressure was investigated.Results indicated that the critical conditions for the phase transformation of galena into lead jarosite(Pb-J)were 130℃,30 g/L H_(2)SO_(4),15 g/L Fe^(3+),and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa.Furthermore,increased Fe^(3+)concentration and oxygen partial pressure did not enhance jarosite formation.Conversely,lowering the temperature and increasing the H_(2)SO_(4) concentration facilitated PbSO_(4) formation and inhibited its further conversion to Pb-J.Additionally,the effects of potassium sulfate,sodium sulfate,and high concentrations of zinc sulfate on the phase transformation of galena were examined through leaching tests,XRD,SEM-EDS,and FT-IR analyses.All three sulfates inhibited the conversion of galena to Pb-J.Among these,potassium sulfate prevented Pb-J formation and converted it more thoroughly into potassium jarosite.However,high concentrations of zinc sulfate facilitated the crystallization of both PbSO_(4) and Pb-J,which altered the morphology of the product.Zinc ions coprecipitated with Pb-J,thereby integrating into the product.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004152)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024ME006,ZR2023QE133,ZR2020QE100)+2 种基金Small and Medium-sized Technology Enterprises in Shandong Province(2022TSGC2077)Shandong College Youth Science and Technology Support Program(2023KJ149)National Key Laboratory Open Project Open Fund(2023-JSKSSYS-06)。
文摘This research conducts a comprehensive experimental study of the entire filling system process at the Weishan Lake Rare Earth Mine(WSLREM)in Shandong Province,encompassing tailings thickening,feeding,slurry preparation,and pipeline transportation.It proposes a complete and efficient upgrade solution for an intelligent paste filling system.The results show that the F1 flocculant was selected to prepare a flocculant solution with a solution concentration of 0.1%.The unit consumption is set to 25 g·t^(-1),and the flocculation and sedimentation effects are optimal when the mass concentration is 15%,with an underflow concentration of 62%.The selection experiment of cementitious material shows that the effect of using new cementitious material is better than that of traditional 32.5R Portland cement.At the same time,rheological experiments on the filling slurry were carried out,and the filling transportation pressure was studied by combining theoretical calculations with numerical simulations.The research results have guiding significance for the debugging of filling pumps and the selection of a filling pipeline.After the application of industrial transformation,the underflow concentration of the sand silo was 64%–66%,the slurry concentration was 68%–72%,the addition range of the cementing material was 1∶16–1∶4,and the filling capacity was 40–60 m^(3)·h^(-1).The intelligent upgrade and transformation of the filling system have yielded remarkable results,providing significant reference value for the intelligent filling transformation of similar mines.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12235007,11975131)。
文摘This paper presents a geometric perspective that connects reciprocal transformations with multidimensional integrable deformations.By interpreting conservation laws as closed 1-forms,we formalize reciprocal transformations as induced local diffeomorphisms on the jet bundle.This allows us to characterize higher-dimensional deformations as systematic fiber bundle extensions,where fiber coordinates are generated by potential functions of the conservation laws.This perspective provides an interpretation for the covariant lifting of Lax pairs to higher dimensions and reveals that auto-Backlund transformations are composite diffeomorphisms.These results are applied to several classical integrable models.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant No.2023YFF0713600]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275062]+3 种基金Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments[Grant No.2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005]the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)[Grant No.YDZX2023115]the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Provincethe Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai[Grant No.ZL202402].
文摘Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.
基金funded by the European Union within CoCoMag Project(Grant No.101099736)Project PID2023-146047OB-I00(from AEI/10.13039/501100011033)+3 种基金Project PPIT2024-31833,co-financed by EU,Ministerio de Hacienda y Función Publica,FEDER and Junta de Andalucía,and VII Plan Propio de Investigación from University of SevilleE.G.A.acknowledges an FPU scholarship(Ref.FPU23/03426)from the Spanish MICIUC.R.M.acknowledges financial support by the Ramón y Cajal program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(Ref.RYC2021-031176-I)J.Y.L.acknowledges an EMERGIA 2021 fellowship from Junta de Andalucía(Ref.EMC21_00418).
文摘Rising global temperatures alongside increasing energy demand highlight the imperative for sustainable and energy-efficient refrigeration technologies.Magnetic refrigeration,based on the magnetocaloric effect(MCE),presents a compelling solid-state alternative to traditional vapor-compression systems.However,many high-performance magnetocaloric materials rely on critical elements such as rare earths,cobalt and germanium.Despite extensive compositional flexibility,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have predominantly been investigated in equiatomic compositions incorporating significant quantities of highly critical elements to achieve large MCE or mixing rare-earth elements in majority proportions that only yield moderate MCE values,thereby failing to address issues of material criticality.In this study,we present a criticality-aware design strategy for the MnNiSi-HEA system,exemplifying a prototype of the latest third-generation HEAs.Various substitutional approaches were evaluated to achieve the coupling between magnetic and structural transitions.The most effective pathway,identified through the co-substitution of Fe and Cu reduces the structural transition temperature by over 900 K relative to MnNiSi while preserving the ferromagnetic characteristics of the low-temperature phase,successfully inducing a first-order magnetostructural transformation near room temperature.The resulting alloys,Mn_(0.5)Fe_(0.5)Ni_(1−x)Cu_(x)Si,exhibit coupled transitions spanning more than 100 K and demonstrate the highest MCE reported to date among HEAs free of cobalt,germanium and rare-earth elements,outperforming previous records by 360%.Complementary density functional theory calculations confirm the stability of the orthorhombic and hexagonal phases.Predictions of lattice entropy change closely match calorimetric measurements.This study establishes a new benchmark for low-criticality magnetocaloric HEAs,underscoring that optimal functional performance and sustainable material development can be achieved concomitantly.The proposed design methodology offers a valuable framework for advancing resource-resilient solid-state cooling materials and underscores the potential of HEAs as a platform for sustainable functional materials.
文摘This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine and compare deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation and classification using MRI and other imaging modalities,focusing on recent trends from 2022 to 2025.The primary objective is to evaluate methodological advancements,model performance,dataset usage,and existing challenges in developing clinically robust AI systems.We included peer-reviewed journal articles and highimpact conference papers published between 2022 and 2025,written in English,that proposed or evaluated deep learning methods for brain tumor segmentation and/or classification.Excluded were non-open-access publications,books,and non-English articles.A structured search was conducted across Scopus,Google Scholar,Wiley,and Taylor&Francis,with the last search performed in August 2025.Risk of bias was not formally quantified but considered during full-text screening based on dataset diversity,validation methods,and availability of performance metrics.We used narrative synthesis and tabular benchmarking to compare performance metrics(e.g.,accuracy,Dice score)across model types(CNN,Transformer,Hybrid),imaging modalities,and datasets.A total of 49 studies were included(43 journal articles and 6 conference papers).These studies spanned over 9 public datasets(e.g.,BraTS,Figshare,REMBRANDT,MOLAB)and utilized a range of imaging modalities,predominantly MRI.Hybrid models,especially ResViT and UNetFormer,consistently achieved high performance,with classification accuracy exceeding 98%and segmentation Dice scores above 0.90 across multiple studies.Transformers and hybrid architectures showed increasing adoption post2023.Many studies lacked external validation and were evaluated only on a few benchmark datasets,raising concerns about generalizability and dataset bias.Few studies addressed clinical interpretability or uncertainty quantification.Despite promising results,particularly for hybrid deep learning models,widespread clinical adoption remains limited due to lack of validation,interpretability concerns,and real-world deployment barriers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos.62573292,62206199 and 62476192National Key Laboratory of Marine Engine Science and Technology under Grant No.LAB-2024-04-WD+2 种基金Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program under Grant No.YESS20220409the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund under Grant No.ZDYF2024GXJS003the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin under Grant No.23JCQNJC02010.
文摘Industrial fault diagnosis is a critical challenge in complex systems,where sensor data is often noisy and interdependencies between components are difficult to capture.Traditional methods struggle to effectively model these complexities.This paper presents a novel approach by transforming fault diagnosis into a graph recognition task,using sensor data represented as graph-structured data with the k-nearest neighbors(KNN)algorithm.A Graph Transformer is applied to extract node and graph features,with a combined loss function of cross-entropy and weighted consistency loss to stabilize graph representations.Experiments on the TFF dataset show that Graph Transformer combined with consistency loss outperforms conventional methods in fault diagnosis accuracy,offering a promising solution for enhancing fault detection in industrial systems.
文摘At a critical juncture of global industrial transformation and economic recovery,the 2026 China Expo Forum for International Cooperation(CEFCO)recently concluded in Wuhan.Dubbed the“Davos of the exhibition industry”,the forum,attracted more than 600 exhibition professionals from over 20 countries and regions.
基金The research was supported by the Science Fund of China Post Ph.D （2003034492）Science Foundation of Chongqing Educational Committee （040216）, China.
文摘Genetic transformation experiments of the different explants from Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were carried out in darkness or in light. The optimizing culture system of Ri T-DNA transformed roots for C. grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You was constructed as follows： After the ventral wounded striations on the single activation cotyledon were inoculated by A. rhizogenes A4 （logarithmic period）, they were cocultured at （25 ±2）℃ in darkness for 25-30 days; some transformed roots were generated from wounded striations of most cotyledons. The genetically transformed ratio is （83 ± 11）%. Axenic Ri T-DNA transformed roots （hairy roots） were harvested after five subcultures. Explants were activated on MT medium. The MS medium was used for subculture of transformed roots. Mass Ri T-DNA transformed roots in which the hormone was produced independently were harvested from this optimizing culture system. White, fresh Ri T-DNA transformed roots were （1.14 ±0.07） cm long, （0.73 ±0.04） mm wide, and the growth direction of transformed roots was negative geotropism.
文摘In the context of the digital transformation of vocational education,a quality evaluation index system has been constructed.Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among higher vocational colleges and enterprises in Hainan Province,it has been found that the quality of vocational education generally depends on the talent training program and professional construction at the macro level.At the meso level,the teacher level and teaching environment are critical,while at the micro level,the evaluation of talent training quality cannot be underestimated.Strategies for quality improvement in vocational education are proposed from the perspectives of talent training programs,major construction,teacher development,teaching environment,and talent training quality,all under the lens of digital transformation.
文摘Variation in soil properties as a result of the conversion of the tropical rainforest to a monospecific plantation of teak,tectona grandis,was examined in Akure forest reserve in Southwestern Nigeria.Comparison was made in the active rooting zone of 50 cm soil depth.It was discovered that there were no significant differences in the physical properties except in the value of organic matter content at the top 10 cm layer but chemical properties such as the pH and organic carbon changed significantly at the top 10 cm layer.Differences in other chemical properties,such as the available P,exchangeable cations K,Ca and Mg,the exchangeable acidity and the cation exchange capacity were minor.This showed that no nutrient was limiting or was likely to be limiting in the soil for subsequent short rotation of plantation development.
基金Supported by the Jiangsu Higher School Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202311117078Y)。
文摘In this paper we use Böcklund transformation to construct soliton solutions for a coupled KdV system.This system was first proposed by Wang in 2010.First we generalize the well-known Bäcklund transformation for the KdV equation to such coupled KdV system.Then from a trivial seed solution,we construct soliton solutions.We also give a nonlinear superposition formula,which allows us to generate multi-soliton solutions.
基金finally supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52204309,52174277,52374300)。
文摘A simplified CaO-V_(2)O_(5)-MnO_(2) system was established to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the transformation behavior of vanadates.The results demonstrated dynamic transformations between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate as n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))ratios and roasting temperatures varied.When MnO_(2) was incrementally added with n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,some Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) converted to Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The mass of vanadium as calcium vanadate consistently exceeded that as manganese vanadate.Conversely,when CaO was gradually added with n(MnO_(2))/n(V_(2)O_(5))of 2,Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7) tended to transform into Ca_(2)V_(2)O_(7) and Ca3V2O8.The affinity of vanadium for calcium was higher compared that of vanadium for manganese.The specific type of calcium vanadate formed depended on both n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))values and roasting temperatures,while manganese vanadate remained predominantly as Mn_(2)V_(2)O_(7).The influence of roasting temperature on the conversion between calcium vanadate and manganese vanadate was minimal.At n(CaO)/n(V_(2)O_(5))/n(MnO_(2))of 2/1/2 and temperatures ranging from 650 to 850°C,the mass ratio of vanadium present as calcium vanadate to manganese vanadate stabilized at approximately 2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32271731)Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province (Nos. 21A0164 and 22B0241)+7 种基金Furong Scholar (Young Scholar) of Education Department of Hunan Provincethe Changsha Outstanding Innovative Youth Training Program (No. kq2209018) to Chen NingThe National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U21A20187)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2023M743973)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2023JJ41033)the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. kq2208409)the Talent Research Initiation Fund of Central South University of Forestry and Technology (No. ZK2023YJ001) to Ting LiuThe Creative Research Groups of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan (No. 2024JJ1016) to Wende Yan
文摘Phosphorus(P)is crucial for plant growth.However,its low availability in subtropical soils necessitates that trees rely on microorganisms for effective P acquisition.The introduction of broadleaf trees has been shown to facilitate P acquisition in coniferous plantations by altering the rhizosphere fungal communities.Despite this,functional shifts in these communities and the expression of root phosphorus cycling genes(PCGs)remain inadequately understood.This study investigated coniferous Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations interplanted with broadleaf species associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)or ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungi.Rhizosphere soil and fine roots from the conifers were analyzed to examine soil bioavailable P fractions,root mycorrhizal colonization,rhizosphere fungal community composition,enzyme function predictions,and root PCGs expression.We found that citric-P in rhizospheric soil of P.massoniana increased with the introduction of Quercus gilva(an ECM-associated tree species),whereas Bray-P content in the rhizosphere of C.lanceolata decreased upon the introduction of either Q.gilva or Phoebe zhennan(an ECM-associated tree species).Moreover,the relative abundance of saprophytic fungi(e.g.,Mortierella)increased following the introduction of broadleaf trees.Specifically,the introduction of Q.gilva was associated with elevated levels of organic P mineralization genes(e.g.,phoA)and enzymes(e.g.,phytases and acid phosphatase(ACP))in conifers.In contrast,the introduction of P.zhennan increased the expression of inorganic P solubilization genes(such as qppC in P.massoniana roots and ppa in C.lanceolata roots).Key contributors to P absorption in conifer roots included Cenococcum,Rhizopogon,and Glomus.This study advances our understanding of P cycling in coniferous rhizospheres and the dynamics of coexisting mycorrhizal tree systems,yielding valuable insights into sustainable management of plantation ecosystems.
基金supported by the Instrument Developing Project of Magnetic Resonance Union of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant No.2022GZL002.
文摘Gradient coil is an essential component of a magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scanner.To achieve high spatial resolution and imaging speed,a high-efficiency gradient coil with high slew rate is required.In consideration of the safety and comfort of the patient,the mechanical stability,acoustic noise and peripheral nerve stimulation(PNS)are also need to be concerned for practical use.In our previous work,a high-efficiency whole-body gradient coil set with a hybrid cylindrical-planar structure has been presented,which offers significantly improved coil performances.In this work,we propose to design this transverse gradient coil system with transformed magnetic gradient fields.By shifting up the zero point of gradient fields,the designed new Y-gradient coil could provide enhanced electromagnetic performances.With more uniform coil winding arrangement,the net torque of the new coil is significantly reduced and the generated sound pressure level(SPL)is lower at most tested frequency bands.On the other hand,the new transverse gradient coil designed with rotated magnetic gradient fields produces considerably reduced electric field in the human body,which is important for the use of rapid MR sequences.It's demonstrated that a safer and patient-friendly design could be obtained by using transformed magnetic gradient fields,which is critical for practical use.
基金supported by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42377054)the National Natural Science Fund for Young Scholars(Grant No.42007149)the Key Project of the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92047201).
文摘Large-scale damming has emerged as a prevalent global trend,significantly impacting nutrient transport and transformation,as well as the downstream ecological environment.Nitrogen and phosphorus are fundamental elements of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems and serve as key limiting factors in reservoir eutrophication.This review focuses on the impact of damming on the transport and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus,regarding changes in nutrient concentrations,fluxes,and proportions.Spatial changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations primarily occur at the inlet and outlet of reservoirs,while temporal changes often exhibit seasonal patterns.At a global scale,phosphorus is preferentially removed from reservoirs compared to nitrogen.The factors influencing the transport and transformation processes of nitrogen and phosphorus in reservoirs include the physicochemical properties of water bodies and human activities.Additionally,nitrogen dynamics are affected by reservoir age,storage capacity,and water storage regulation modes,whereas phosphorus dynamics are also influenced by hydrodynamic conditions.Finally,this review summarizes the impact of damming on the downstream ecological environment and outlines future research directions,providing theoretical support for the management of river–reservoir ecosystems and promoting the green and sustainable development of hydropower in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32472536 and 32302526)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.2208085MC64)+2 种基金the Outstanding Innovative Research Team for Molecular Enzymology and Detection in Anhui Provincial Universities(Grant No.2022AH010012)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant No.GXXT-2022-067)the University Natural Science Research Program of Anhui Provincial Education Department(Grant No.KJ2021A0118).
文摘Pepper(Capsicum annuum)is one of the most important horticultural crops worldwide,which makes the development of an effective protoplast system for transient gene expression highly significant.Typically,plant protoplasts are initially isolated through enzymatic digestion and then used for transient transformations mediated by polyethylene glycol(PEG).However,PEG-mediated protoplast transformation suffers from low and inconsistent efficiency,is influenced by various factors,and requires greater operator expertise.Here,we present a simple and efficient protoplast system for transient gene expression in C.annuum and Nicotiana benthamiana,without PEG-mediated transfection.This procedure involved using the first and second fully expanded true leaves of pepper and N.benthamiana plants at the six-leaf stage for Agrobacterium infiltration,followed by enzymatic digestion for protoplast isolation.The resulting protoplast transfections achieved remarkably high efficiencies,facilitating functional analyses such as subcellular localization and protein—protein interaction studies(for example,BiFC,Co-IP,and Split-LUC assays).Thus,we have demonstrated a simplified and highly efficient transient expression system for protoplasts and potential wide-ranging applications in C.annuum and N.benthamiana while bypassing PEG-mediated transfection.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,under grant number MOST 114-2224-E-A49-002was received by En-Cheng Liou.
文摘Indoor localization is a fundamental requirement for future 6G Intelligent Sensing and Communication(ISAC)systems,enabling precise navigation in environments where Global Positioning System(GPS)signals are unavailable.Existing methods,such as map-based navigation or site-specific fingerprinting,often require intensive data collection and lack generalization capability across different buildings,thereby limiting scalability.This study proposes a cross-site,map-free indoor localization framework that uses low-frequency sub-1 GHz radio signals and a Transformer-based neural network for robust positioning without prior environmental knowledge.The Transformer’s self-attention mechanisms allow it to capture spatial correlations among anchor nodes,facilitating accurate localization in unseen environments.Evaluation across two validation sites demonstrates the framework’s effectiveness.In crosssite testing(Site-A),the Transformer achieved a mean localization error of 9.44 m,outperforming the Deep Neural Network(DNN)(10.76 m)and Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)(12.02 m)baselines.In a real-time deployment(Site-B)spanning three floors,the Transformer maintained an overall mean error of 9.81 m,compared with 13.45 m for DNN,12.88 m for CNN,and 53.08 m for conventional trilateration.For vertical positioning,the Transformer delivered a mean error of 4.52 m,exceeding the performance of DNN(4.59 m),CNN(4.87 m),and trilateration(>45 m).The results confirm that the Transformer-based framework generalizes across heterogeneous indoor environments without requiring site-specific calibration,providing stable,sub-12 m horizontal accuracy and reliable vertical estimation.This capability makes the framework suitable for real-time applications in smart buildings,emergency response,and autonomous systems.By utilizing multipath reflections as an informative structure rather than treating them as noise,this work advances artificial intelligence(AI)-native indoor localization as a scalable and efficient component of future 6G ISAC networks.
文摘This study examines the digital transformation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)education within the context of global standardization,along with the challenges and opportunities of its cross-cultural dissemination.With the rapid advancement of technologies such as artificial intelligence,virtual reality,and blockchain,TCM education is experiencing a significant disruption and innovation of its traditional models.The research develops a“Standard-Technology-Culture”tri-spiral model to analyze how TCM education can achieve a seamless integration of standardization,technological innovation,and cultural preservation during its globalization process.The study finds that standardization provides the foundation for TCM education’s global expansion,while technological innovation drives the transformation of educational methodologies.Simultaneously,cultural preservation ensures the distinctiveness of TCM education.However,the tension between standardization and the unique characteristics of TCM,as well as the balance between technological empowerment and cultural transmission,remain critical challenges in the ongoing transformation.Based on these findings,the study proposes strategies such as the“digital apprenticeship”model and blockchain-based certification systems to advance the globalization and digital transformation of TCM education,providing theoretical support for the creation of a global health community.
基金Projects(2023AG05008,202302AB080012)supported by the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Program,ChinaProject(202405AC350015)supported by the Science and Technology Talent Programme of Yunnan Province,China。
文摘The phase transformation of galena in H_(2)SO_(4)-Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3) system under oxygen pressure was investigated.Results indicated that the critical conditions for the phase transformation of galena into lead jarosite(Pb-J)were 130℃,30 g/L H_(2)SO_(4),15 g/L Fe^(3+),and an oxygen partial pressure of 0.4 MPa.Furthermore,increased Fe^(3+)concentration and oxygen partial pressure did not enhance jarosite formation.Conversely,lowering the temperature and increasing the H_(2)SO_(4) concentration facilitated PbSO_(4) formation and inhibited its further conversion to Pb-J.Additionally,the effects of potassium sulfate,sodium sulfate,and high concentrations of zinc sulfate on the phase transformation of galena were examined through leaching tests,XRD,SEM-EDS,and FT-IR analyses.All three sulfates inhibited the conversion of galena to Pb-J.Among these,potassium sulfate prevented Pb-J formation and converted it more thoroughly into potassium jarosite.However,high concentrations of zinc sulfate facilitated the crystallization of both PbSO_(4) and Pb-J,which altered the morphology of the product.Zinc ions coprecipitated with Pb-J,thereby integrating into the product.
