Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the ...Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the antitumor activity of CA was carried out. Its mechanism of action was studied in vivo with C 57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and in vitro, with two mouse tumor cell lines: S180 and EAC. CA inhibited to a certain extent the growth of subcutaneously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastasis, and augmented the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. It showed a killing effect on the EAC and S180 tumor cells of mice in vitro as well. It blocked the tumor cells of solid Lewis lung carcinoma from entering into the S stage from G1 and inhibited DNA synthesis of S180 and EAC tumor cells of mice in vitro. It also markedly increased the number of mononuclear Mφ of tumor bearing mice, stimulated the macrophagic activity of their intraperitoneal Mφ, raised the percentage of ANAE(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood and enhanced the ABC reaction and antibody formation in tumor bearing mice.展开更多
This study examines whether a group of captive false killer whales(P seudorca crassidens) showed variations in the vocal rate around feeding times. The high level of motivation to express appetitive behaviors in capti...This study examines whether a group of captive false killer whales(P seudorca crassidens) showed variations in the vocal rate around feeding times. The high level of motivation to express appetitive behaviors in captive animals may lead them to respond with changes of the behavioral activities during the time prior to food deliveries which are referred to as food anticipatory activity. False killer whales at Qingdao Polar Ocean World(Qingdao, China) showed signifi cant variations of the rates of both the total sounds and sound classes(whistles, clicks, and burst pulses) around feedings. Precisely, from the Transition interval that recorded the lowest vocalization rate(3.40 s/m/d), the whales increased their acoustic emissions upon trainers' arrival(13.08 s/m/d). The high rate was maintained or intensifi ed throughout the food delivery(25.12 s/m/d), and then reduced immediately after the animals were fed(9.91 s/m/d). These changes in the false killer whales sound production rates around feeding times supports the hypothesis of the presence of a food anticipatory vocal activity. Although sound rates may not give detailed information regarding referential aspects of the animal communication it might still shed light about the arousal levels of the individuals during different social or environmental conditions. Further experiments should be performed to assess if variations of the time of feeding routines may affect the vocal activity of cetaceans in captivity as well as their welfare.展开更多
The diurnal variation in the sun's altitude alters the red-to-blue light spectrum ratio under identical water layers.This study explores how juvenile steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)(initial weight:34.67 g...The diurnal variation in the sun's altitude alters the red-to-blue light spectrum ratio under identical water layers.This study explores how juvenile steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)(initial weight:34.67 g±2.69 g)responds to these fluctuating light conditions,focusing on growth,daily activity levels,and energy budget.During 16 weeks,the experiment was conducted to examine six lighting scenarios:12 h white light followed by 12 h darkness(12W);12 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(12B);12 h red light followed by 12 h darkness(12R);1.5 h blue light,9 h red light,and again 1.5 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(3B9R);3 h blue light,6h red light,and again 3 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(6B6R);and 12 h combined blue and red lights followed by 12 h darkness(T12BR).The findings reveal that the 3B9R lighting condition notably enhanced specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion efficiency(FCE),and growth energy allocation,while diminishing daily activity levels in steelhead trout.Conversely,under the 6B6R condition,there was a significant reduction in SGR and FCE,indicating that growth was inhibited.Under the 12R condition,despite the high activity and respiratory energy loss,the trout exhibited improved SGR and FCE with reduced fecal energy loss.The study suggests that 3B9R and 12R lighting conditions might be beneficial in commercial steelhead trout farming,potentially lowering costs and boosting production.These results offer valuable insights for the application of supplementary lighting technology in salmon aquaculture.展开更多
Design of ultra-wideband antennas is challenging in the stringent requirements that are often conflicting to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth while maintaining high radiation efficiency, uniform gain and compact siz...Design of ultra-wideband antennas is challenging in the stringent requirements that are often conflicting to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth while maintaining high radiation efficiency, uniform gain and compact size. A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system can enhance the overall antenna performance but at having to overcome new challenges such as reducing the mutual coupling and the correlation between the elements. A printed circular disc compact planar antenna is selected in this work due to its UWB performance and compact size for the MIMO antenna system. A parametric analysis is carried out to achieve an optimal design. The system developed consists of two elements with an overall size of 59 × 27 mm. The designed antenna system operates over the whole of the UWB bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with radiation efficiency up to 85% and reflection coefficients less that ?10 dB. The envelope correlation is less than ?60 dB throughout the UWB band while the diversity gain approaches 10 throughout the entire UWB bandwidth and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) between the antenna elements is less ?11 dB. Thus the proposed MIMO antenna outperforms similar antenna systems reported in the literature.展开更多
China plants approximately 20.3 million hm2 of winter wheat annually.During the recent one-month harvesting period,hundreds of thousands of combine harvesters participated in wheat harvesting from south to north.Howev...China plants approximately 20.3 million hm2 of winter wheat annually.During the recent one-month harvesting period,hundreds of thousands of combine harvesters participated in wheat harvesting from south to north.However,the total number of active harvesters remains a challenge,restricting government policy-making and industry analysis.This study proposed a nonparametric bootstrap estimation model based on big data to dynamically infer the total number of active agricultural machines by analyzing the spatio-temporal trajectories of harvesters.Through Monte Carlo simulation experiments,the performance of four nonparametric bootstrap methods was systematically evaluated from dimensions such as bias,mean squared error,and coverage probability.The results show that the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap method(BCa)performs best and was selected as the 95%confidence interval estimation method.The 95%confidence intervals for the total number of active harvesters in 2021,2022,and 2023 are[447223,456387],[441708,447625],and[436873,440608],respectively,providing a quantitative basis for regulatory supervision and capacity planning in the agricultural machinery industry.展开更多
By using the cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning location data from the lightning detection network of He-nan Province,surface Doppler radar data and standard orbit data of PR,TMI and LIS on TRMM satellite,the spatial and te...By using the cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning location data from the lightning detection network of He-nan Province,surface Doppler radar data and standard orbit data of PR,TMI and LIS on TRMM satellite,the spatial and temporal characteristics of CG lightning flashes in 10 severe hailstorms are analyzed.The results show that the percentage of+CG lightning in these hailstorms is high with an average value of 45.5%.There is a distinct increase in CG flash rate during the rapid development stage of hailstorms.The hailstone falling corresponds to an active positive flash period,and the increase of+CG flash rate is generally accompanied with a decrease of–CG flash rate.The flash rate declines rapidly during the dissipating stage of hailstorms.The precipitation structure and lightning activity in two typical hail-storms are studied in detail.It is found that strong convective cells with reflectivity greater than 30dBZ mainly are situated in the front region of hailstorms,whereas the trailing stratiform region is in the rear part of the hailstorms.The maximum heights of echo top are higher than 14 km.Convective rain con-tributes much more rainfall to the total than stratiform rain,and the convective rain takes about 85%and 97%of the total in the two cases,respectively.Total lightning in the hailstorms is very active with the flash rate up to 183 fl/min and 55 fl/min,respectively.The results also indicate that most lightning flashes occurred in the echo region greater than 30 dBZ and its immediate periphery.The probability of lightning occurrence is 20 times higher in the convective region than in the stratiform region.The result suggests that the lightning information is helpful to the identification of convective rain region.The linear relationship between flash rate and ice water content is disclosed primarily.展开更多
Firstly, according to the regulation of growth and decay of radioactive nuclides produced in reactions, a formula used to calculate the total activation cross section of all possible reactions producing the same radio...Firstly, according to the regulation of growth and decay of radioactive nuclides produced in reactions, a formula used to calculate the total activation cross section of all possible reactions producing the same radioactive nuclide for the same element is deduced, and it is pointed out that the activation formula given in two references is incorrect. Then, as an example, the so-called total activation cross section in one of the two references is analyzed and the correct results of the cross sections of ^182W（n,p）^182（m＋g）Ta, ^183W（n,p）^183Ta and ^206Pb（n,α）^203Hg induced by neutrons around 14 MeV calculated with the data given in the literature, the nuclear parameters and some evaluated values are given. Finally, the correct results are compared with other values collected in the literature.展开更多
Purpose:To study the clinical effectiveness of the topical application of tranexamic acid in hand tendon release.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial conducted after receiving approval from the local ethics ...Purpose:To study the clinical effectiveness of the topical application of tranexamic acid in hand tendon release.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial conducted after receiving approval from the local ethics committee according to guidelines from the Helsinki Declaration.Eighty patients who underwent hand tendon release operation in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were included and randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the tranexamic acid group(40 cases)received intraoperative topical application of 2 g of tranexamic acid after tendon release,while patients in the conventional group(40 cases)did not receive topical application of tranexamic acid during operation.The operation time,perioperative hemoglobin changes,total blood loss,incidence of early postoperative complications,and total active movement(TAM)before surgery and 6 months after surgery were compared between the 2 groups.The continuous variable which follows normal distribution expressed by mean±SD and used t-test to compare between groups.Meanwhile,categorical variables were used by Chi-square test,and a p<0.05 indicated that the differences were statistically significant.Results:Both groups were followed up for 7-18 months,with a mean of 10.3 months.Postoperative decrease in hemoglobin was significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the conventional group(t=7.611,p<0.001).The total blood loss in the tranexamic acid group(74.33±20.50)mL was less than that in the conventional group(83.05±17.73)mL,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Both groups showed improvement in thumb/finger flexion and extension range of motion after surgery,and the TAM improved compared with those before surgery,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.001).The TAM improved more significantly in the tranexamic acid group(87.68°±10.44°)than in the conventional group(80.47°±10.93°)at 6 months after surgery,with a statistically significant difference(t=3.013,p<0.001).There was no significant difference in operation time and incidence of early postoperative complications between the 2 groups(p=0.798,0.499,respectively).Conclusion:The topical application of tranexamic acid during hand tendon release can significantly reduce postoperative bleeding and improve surgical efficacy,which is worth promoting.展开更多
文摘Since the chemical structure of total glucosides from Cynanchum Auriculatum Royle (CA) is similar to that of the steroline of Marsdenia Condurago Reich, a compound which exhibits antitumor activity, research into the antitumor activity of CA was carried out. Its mechanism of action was studied in vivo with C 57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma and in vitro, with two mouse tumor cell lines: S180 and EAC. CA inhibited to a certain extent the growth of subcutaneously inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastasis, and augmented the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. It showed a killing effect on the EAC and S180 tumor cells of mice in vitro as well. It blocked the tumor cells of solid Lewis lung carcinoma from entering into the S stage from G1 and inhibited DNA synthesis of S180 and EAC tumor cells of mice in vitro. It also markedly increased the number of mononuclear Mφ of tumor bearing mice, stimulated the macrophagic activity of their intraperitoneal Mφ, raised the percentage of ANAE(+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood and enhanced the ABC reaction and antibody formation in tumor bearing mice.
基金Supported by grants from the Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This study examines whether a group of captive false killer whales(P seudorca crassidens) showed variations in the vocal rate around feeding times. The high level of motivation to express appetitive behaviors in captive animals may lead them to respond with changes of the behavioral activities during the time prior to food deliveries which are referred to as food anticipatory activity. False killer whales at Qingdao Polar Ocean World(Qingdao, China) showed signifi cant variations of the rates of both the total sounds and sound classes(whistles, clicks, and burst pulses) around feedings. Precisely, from the Transition interval that recorded the lowest vocalization rate(3.40 s/m/d), the whales increased their acoustic emissions upon trainers' arrival(13.08 s/m/d). The high rate was maintained or intensifi ed throughout the food delivery(25.12 s/m/d), and then reduced immediately after the animals were fed(9.91 s/m/d). These changes in the false killer whales sound production rates around feeding times supports the hypothesis of the presence of a food anticipatory vocal activity. Although sound rates may not give detailed information regarding referential aspects of the animal communication it might still shed light about the arousal levels of the individuals during different social or environmental conditions. Further experiments should be performed to assess if variations of the time of feeding routines may affect the vocal activity of cetaceans in captivity as well as their welfare.
基金supported by the Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202302007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFD0901000)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1906206 and 31872575)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(No.SD2019YY006)。
文摘The diurnal variation in the sun's altitude alters the red-to-blue light spectrum ratio under identical water layers.This study explores how juvenile steelhead trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)(initial weight:34.67 g±2.69 g)responds to these fluctuating light conditions,focusing on growth,daily activity levels,and energy budget.During 16 weeks,the experiment was conducted to examine six lighting scenarios:12 h white light followed by 12 h darkness(12W);12 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(12B);12 h red light followed by 12 h darkness(12R);1.5 h blue light,9 h red light,and again 1.5 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(3B9R);3 h blue light,6h red light,and again 3 h blue light followed by 12 h darkness(6B6R);and 12 h combined blue and red lights followed by 12 h darkness(T12BR).The findings reveal that the 3B9R lighting condition notably enhanced specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion efficiency(FCE),and growth energy allocation,while diminishing daily activity levels in steelhead trout.Conversely,under the 6B6R condition,there was a significant reduction in SGR and FCE,indicating that growth was inhibited.Under the 12R condition,despite the high activity and respiratory energy loss,the trout exhibited improved SGR and FCE with reduced fecal energy loss.The study suggests that 3B9R and 12R lighting conditions might be beneficial in commercial steelhead trout farming,potentially lowering costs and boosting production.These results offer valuable insights for the application of supplementary lighting technology in salmon aquaculture.
文摘Design of ultra-wideband antennas is challenging in the stringent requirements that are often conflicting to achieve a wide impedance bandwidth while maintaining high radiation efficiency, uniform gain and compact size. A Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna system can enhance the overall antenna performance but at having to overcome new challenges such as reducing the mutual coupling and the correlation between the elements. A printed circular disc compact planar antenna is selected in this work due to its UWB performance and compact size for the MIMO antenna system. A parametric analysis is carried out to achieve an optimal design. The system developed consists of two elements with an overall size of 59 × 27 mm. The designed antenna system operates over the whole of the UWB bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with radiation efficiency up to 85% and reflection coefficients less that ?10 dB. The envelope correlation is less than ?60 dB throughout the UWB band while the diversity gain approaches 10 throughout the entire UWB bandwidth and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) between the antenna elements is less ?11 dB. Thus the proposed MIMO antenna outperforms similar antenna systems reported in the literature.
基金supported by the National Precision Agriculture Application Project(Grant/Contract No.JZNYYY001).
文摘China plants approximately 20.3 million hm2 of winter wheat annually.During the recent one-month harvesting period,hundreds of thousands of combine harvesters participated in wheat harvesting from south to north.However,the total number of active harvesters remains a challenge,restricting government policy-making and industry analysis.This study proposed a nonparametric bootstrap estimation model based on big data to dynamically infer the total number of active agricultural machines by analyzing the spatio-temporal trajectories of harvesters.Through Monte Carlo simulation experiments,the performance of four nonparametric bootstrap methods was systematically evaluated from dimensions such as bias,mean squared error,and coverage probability.The results show that the bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap method(BCa)performs best and was selected as the 95%confidence interval estimation method.The 95%confidence intervals for the total number of active harvesters in 2021,2022,and 2023 are[447223,456387],[441708,447625],and[436873,440608],respectively,providing a quantitative basis for regulatory supervision and capacity planning in the agricultural machinery industry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40325013,40505001 and 40135010)
文摘By using the cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning location data from the lightning detection network of He-nan Province,surface Doppler radar data and standard orbit data of PR,TMI and LIS on TRMM satellite,the spatial and temporal characteristics of CG lightning flashes in 10 severe hailstorms are analyzed.The results show that the percentage of+CG lightning in these hailstorms is high with an average value of 45.5%.There is a distinct increase in CG flash rate during the rapid development stage of hailstorms.The hailstone falling corresponds to an active positive flash period,and the increase of+CG flash rate is generally accompanied with a decrease of–CG flash rate.The flash rate declines rapidly during the dissipating stage of hailstorms.The precipitation structure and lightning activity in two typical hail-storms are studied in detail.It is found that strong convective cells with reflectivity greater than 30dBZ mainly are situated in the front region of hailstorms,whereas the trailing stratiform region is in the rear part of the hailstorms.The maximum heights of echo top are higher than 14 km.Convective rain con-tributes much more rainfall to the total than stratiform rain,and the convective rain takes about 85%and 97%of the total in the two cases,respectively.Total lightning in the hailstorms is very active with the flash rate up to 183 fl/min and 55 fl/min,respectively.The results also indicate that most lightning flashes occurred in the echo region greater than 30 dBZ and its immediate periphery.The probability of lightning occurrence is 20 times higher in the convective region than in the stratiform region.The result suggests that the lightning information is helpful to the identification of convective rain region.The linear relationship between flash rate and ice water content is disclosed primarily.
基金Supported by Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents of Universities of Henan Province,China (HASTIT032)Research Program for Basic & Forefront Technology of Henan Province,China (092300410144,102300410043)Scientific Research Start up Outlay of High-Position Talent at Pingdingshan University in Henan Province,China
文摘Firstly, according to the regulation of growth and decay of radioactive nuclides produced in reactions, a formula used to calculate the total activation cross section of all possible reactions producing the same radioactive nuclide for the same element is deduced, and it is pointed out that the activation formula given in two references is incorrect. Then, as an example, the so-called total activation cross section in one of the two references is analyzed and the correct results of the cross sections of ^182W（n,p）^182（m＋g）Ta, ^183W（n,p）^183Ta and ^206Pb（n,α）^203Hg induced by neutrons around 14 MeV calculated with the data given in the literature, the nuclear parameters and some evaluated values are given. Finally, the correct results are compared with other values collected in the literature.
基金supported by Wuxi Top Medical Expert Team of Taihu Talent Program and Science and Technology Development Fundation of Wuxi (K20221064).
文摘Purpose:To study the clinical effectiveness of the topical application of tranexamic acid in hand tendon release.Methods:This was a randomized controlled trial conducted after receiving approval from the local ethics committee according to guidelines from the Helsinki Declaration.Eighty patients who underwent hand tendon release operation in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were included and randomly divided into 2 groups.Patients in the tranexamic acid group(40 cases)received intraoperative topical application of 2 g of tranexamic acid after tendon release,while patients in the conventional group(40 cases)did not receive topical application of tranexamic acid during operation.The operation time,perioperative hemoglobin changes,total blood loss,incidence of early postoperative complications,and total active movement(TAM)before surgery and 6 months after surgery were compared between the 2 groups.The continuous variable which follows normal distribution expressed by mean±SD and used t-test to compare between groups.Meanwhile,categorical variables were used by Chi-square test,and a p<0.05 indicated that the differences were statistically significant.Results:Both groups were followed up for 7-18 months,with a mean of 10.3 months.Postoperative decrease in hemoglobin was significantly less in the tranexamic acid group than in the conventional group(t=7.611,p<0.001).The total blood loss in the tranexamic acid group(74.33±20.50)mL was less than that in the conventional group(83.05±17.73)mL,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Both groups showed improvement in thumb/finger flexion and extension range of motion after surgery,and the TAM improved compared with those before surgery,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.001).The TAM improved more significantly in the tranexamic acid group(87.68°±10.44°)than in the conventional group(80.47°±10.93°)at 6 months after surgery,with a statistically significant difference(t=3.013,p<0.001).There was no significant difference in operation time and incidence of early postoperative complications between the 2 groups(p=0.798,0.499,respectively).Conclusion:The topical application of tranexamic acid during hand tendon release can significantly reduce postoperative bleeding and improve surgical efficacy,which is worth promoting.
