In recent years,notable progress has been achieved in both the hardware and algorithms of structured illumination microscopy(SIM).Nevertheless,the advancement of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3D...In recent years,notable progress has been achieved in both the hardware and algorithms of structured illumination microscopy(SIM).Nevertheless,the advancement of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)has been impeded by challenges arising from the speed and intricacy of polarization modulation.We introduce a high-speed modulation 3DSIM system,leveraging the polarizationmaintaining and modulation capabilities of a digital micromirror device(DMD)in conjunction with an electrooptic modulator.The DMD-3DSIM system yields a twofold enhancement in both lateral(133 nm)and axial(300 nm)resolution compared to wide-field imaging and can acquire a data set comprising 29 sections of 1024 pixels×1024 pixels,with 15 ms exposure time and 6.75 s per volume.The versatility of the DMD-3DSIM approach was exemplified through the imaging of various specimens,including fluorescent beads,nuclear pores,microtubules,actin filaments,and mitochondria within cells,as well as plant and animal tissues.Notably,polarized 3DSIM elucidated the orientation of actin filaments.Furthermore,the implementation of diverse deconvolution algorithms further enhances 3D resolution.The DMD-based 3DSIM system presents a rapid and reliable methodology for investigating biomedical phenomena,boasting capabilities encompassing 3D superresolution,fast temporal resolution,and polarization imaging.展开更多
The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including...The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including in the article title,graphical abstract,the summary,and the main text.Second,in Figure 1A,“iFFT”should be written as“FFT.”Third,in Video S2,the labels“FO”and“Open”were placed incorrectly;FO is the high-quality reconstruction result,while Open contains reconstruction artifact.展开更多
Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-c...Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation.Moreover,traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM,and limits the observation of thicker samples.To address these limitations,we developed FO-3DSIM,a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM.FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds.It retains the high-fidelity,low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM.Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning,we achieved large field-of-view(FOV)3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin,covering a region of 0.453 mm×0.453 mm×2.75μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction.Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM.Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction,allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers.We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time,large FOV 6D imaging,encompassing xyz super-resolution,multi-color,long-term,and polarization imaging with less photodamage,removed defocused backgrounds,and reduced reconstruction time.展开更多
In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understandin...In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significan...Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.展开更多
Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With ...Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.展开更多
In the printing industry,the common method of coloring relies on inks,which contains amounts of chemical agents,causing environment pollution.However,structural color achieves coloration through the refraction and dif...In the printing industry,the common method of coloring relies on inks,which contains amounts of chemical agents,causing environment pollution.However,structural color achieves coloration through the refraction and diffraction of light by periodic structure,offering eco-friendly and fade-resistant advantages,as well as colorful.In this study,screen printing was used to create patterned mask on paper substrates.Then,coated SiO_(2)microspheres on the mask to create structural color patterns with angle-dependent color characteristics.The patterns showed color changes from rose-red to orange to green by changing the viewing angle.By changing the color grayscale,the absorption of stray light by the substrate was enhanced,thereby the brightness and saturation of the structural color improved too.This method is simple,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly,and it has highly promising for the application in printing and anti-counterfeiting.展开更多
Controlled by the squeezing collision between the Yangtze block and the North China block and the left movement of the Tanlu fault, the Xu-Su region developed into an arc-shaped nappe structure, and many destructive e...Controlled by the squeezing collision between the Yangtze block and the North China block and the left movement of the Tanlu fault, the Xu-Su region developed into an arc-shaped nappe structure, and many destructive earthquakes occurred in its periphery. The geological structure of this area is complex, and there is the possibility of moderate and strong earthquakes. To further explore the crust density structure and identify the main faults and deep structural features in the Xu-Su region, based on the observed seismic data and gravity/GNSS co-site observation data, combined with the EGM2008 global gravity field model, we obtained the density of three-dimensional structure using cross gradient method joint inversion. Based on this, a geological model of the Xu-Su region was established. The results show that the crustal density anomaly amplitude within 0-25 km of the Xu-Su region ranges from-280 to 490 kg/m3, showing a zonal distribution in east-west direction and a segmented north-south direction. There are several density anomalies in the shallow(0-4 km) region at Tongshan, Huaibei, Xiayi, Woyang, etc. The density anomalies are significantly correlated with the distribution of regional faults. The density structure is divided into two large regions by Subei fault, which can be further divided along the eastwest Kouziji-Nanzhao fault and Guzhen-Huaiyuan fault. The earthquakes are obviously related to the regional fault activity and the spatial distribution of abnormal bodies. The earthquake-prone areas(5-15 km) correspond to the abnormal density mutation zone, upper uplift zone, and transformation zone near Xiaoxian, Tongshan, and Xushuanglou faults. The comprehensive results show three weak seismic activity areas in the whole region, which are located near the Huaibei, Xiaoxian, and Wohe faults. The results provide theoretical support for seismic risk analysis in this area, and these three areas should be emphasized in future seismic hazard analysis.展开更多
The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is of great significance for the practical application of water splitting in alkaline electrolytes.Transitio...The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is of great significance for the practical application of water splitting in alkaline electrolytes.Transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts have been widely recognized as efficient catalysts for water splitting in alkaline media.In this work,an original and efficient synthesis strategy is proposed for the fabrication of asymmetric anode(N-(Co-Cu)S_(x))and cathode(N-CoS/Cu_(2)S).Impressively,these electrodes exhibit superior performance,benefiting from the construction of three-dimensional(3D)structures and the electronic structure adjustment caused by N-doping with increased active sites,improved mass/charge transport and enhanced evolution and release of gas bubbles.Hence,N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)anode exhibits excellent OER performance with only 217 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2),while N-CoS/Cu_(2)S cathode possesses excellent HER performance with only 67 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2).N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)||N-CoS/Cu_(2)S electrolyzer presents a low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA·cm^(-2)toward overall water splitting,which is superior to most recently reported transition metal sulfide-based catalysts.展开更多
Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks.Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstructi...Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks.Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstruction model,this study proposes a quantitative microstructure characterization method combining the roughness evaluation index and the 3D fractal dimension to study the change rule of the fracture surface morphology after blasting.This method was applied and validated in the study of the fracture microstructure of the rock after blasting.The results show that the fracture morphology characteristics of the 3D contour digital reconstruction model have good correlation with the changes of the blasting action.The undulation rate of the three-dimensional surface profile of the rock is more prone to dramatic rise and dramatic fall morphology.In terms of tilting trend,the tilting direction also shows gradual disorder,with the tilting angle increasing correspondingly.All the roughness evaluation indexes of the rock fissure surface after blasting show a linear and gradually increasing trend as the distance to the bursting center increases;the difference between the two-dimensional roughness evaluation indexes and the three-dimensional ones of the same micro-area rock samples also becomes increasingly larger,among which the three-dimensional fissure roughness coefficient JRC and the surface roughness ratio Rs display better correlation.Compared with the linear fitting formula of the power function relationship,the three-dimensional fractal dimension of the postblast fissure surface is fitted with the values of JRC and Rs,which renders higher correlation coefficients,and the degree of linear fitting of JRC to the three-dimensional fractal dimension is higher.The fractal characteristics of the blast-affected region form a unity with the three-dimensional roughness evaluation of the fissure surface.展开更多
Satellite altimetry missions at high latitude have opened new avenues for understanding the changes occurring over the ice-covered region.By incorporating Arctic satellite remote sensing data-including sea surface tem...Satellite altimetry missions at high latitude have opened new avenues for understanding the changes occurring over the ice-covered region.By incorporating Arctic satellite remote sensing data-including sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface height anomaly(SSHA),and sea surface salinity(SSS).This study employs a variational method to reconstruct the three-dimensional thermohaline structure of the Arctic Ocean.Compared to the Regional Arctic Reanalysis(RARE),the reconstruction well captures both the horizontal and vertical temperature and salinity structures in the Arctic.It demonstrates superior skill over RARE,when compared with Argo profiles and Ice-Tethered Profiler(ITP)observations.The reconstruction is particularly effective in ice-covered regions,where it more accurately captures the transition from Pacific water to Atlantic water compared to RARE.These findings underscore the potential of applying Arctic satellite data to reconstruct vertical thermohaline structures in the Arctic,particularly in areas due to lack of the subsurface observation reanalysis data exhibit significant biases.As Arctic satellite observations continue to advance,the applications of this method are becoming increasingly promising,which is useful for monitoring the ice-covered region environment and can be applied to oceanographic research.展开更多
The acetylpolyamine oxidase(APAO),spermine oxidase(SMO),and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase(SSAT)are pivotal enzymes in polyamine metabolism,exerting direct influence on polyamine homeostasis regulation.Dysfu...The acetylpolyamine oxidase(APAO),spermine oxidase(SMO),and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase(SSAT)are pivotal enzymes in polyamine metabolism,exerting direct influence on polyamine homeostasis regulation.Dysfunctions in these enzymes are intricately linked to inflammatory diseases and cancers.Establishing their three-dimensional structures is essential for exploring enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and designing inhibitors at the atomic level.This article primarily assesses the precision of AlphaFold2 and molecular dynamics simulations in determining the three-dimensional structures of these enzymes,utilizing protein conformation rationality assessment,residue correlation matrix,and other techniques.This provides robust models for subsequent polyamine catabolic metabolism calculations and offers valuable insights for modeling proteins that have yet to acquire crystal structures.展开更多
No earthquake of magnitude six or greater has been recorded historically in the southern segment of the Red River Fault(RRF).This absence constitutes a significant seismic gap, suggesting a risk of future strong earth...No earthquake of magnitude six or greater has been recorded historically in the southern segment of the Red River Fault(RRF).This absence constitutes a significant seismic gap, suggesting a risk of future strong earthquakes. The China Earthquake Science Experimental Site intends to conduct drilling exploration in this area, which necessitates improved knowledge of the fault zone's geometric distribution characteristics and deep structure. We obtained and analyzed audio and broadband magnetotelluric(MT) data collected at one of the alternative drilling stations(in the Dazhai Village of Honghe County). We have used these data to obtain a highresolution 3-D electrical model of this study area's subsurface to a depth of 5 km. We report that the electrical structure from the surface to 0.5 km is relatively complex, characterized by alternating high and low resistivity;below 0.5 km, the electrical structure becomes more simplified. The RRF extends northwest-southeast orientation along the high and low resistivity boundary, dipping northeastward. The electrical structure of the Red River Valley, which the fault zone traverses, reveals low resistivity characteristics with a lateral width of up to2 km. This study offers critical electromagnetic constraints that enhance our understanding of the tectonic characteristics of the RRF. The findings will inform and aid in the design of drilling plans for the southern segment of the RRF region.展开更多
Oceanic dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems.Against the backdrop of global warming,DO shows a general decrease,posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems....Oceanic dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems.Against the backdrop of global warming,DO shows a general decrease,posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop advanced tools to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of three-dimensional(3D)DO.To address this challenge,this study introduces the Light Gradient Boosting Machine(Light-GBM),combining satellite remote sensing and reanalysis data with Biogeochemical Argo data to accurately reconstruct the 3D DO structure in the Mediterranean Sea from 2010 to 2022.Various environmental parameters are incorporated as inputs,including spatiotemporal features,meteorological characteristics,and ocean color properties.The LightGBM model demonstrates excellent performance on the testing dataset with R^(2) of 0.958.The modeled DO agrees better with in-situ measurements than products from numerical models.Using the Shapley Additive exPlanations method,the contributions of input features are assessed.Sea surface temperatures provide a correlation with DO at the sea surface,while spatial coordinates supplement the view of the ocean interior.Based on the reconstructed 3D DO structure,we identify an oxygen minimum zone in the western Mediterranean that expands continuously,reaching depths of approximately 300–800 m.The western Mediterranean exhibits a significant declining trend.This study enhances marine environmental evidence by proposing a precise and cost-effective approach for reconstructing 3D DO,thereby offering insights into the dynamics of DO variations under changing climatic conditions.展开更多
The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-...The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.展开更多
To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D lea...To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.展开更多
With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,...With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,fault throw analyzing,and balanced profile restoration,it is pointed out that the transtensional fault system in the Ziyang 3-D seismic survey consists of the northeast-trending F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones dominated by extensional deformation,as well as 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults experienced dextral shear deformation.Among them,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones cut through the Neoproterozoic to Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,presenting a 3-D structure of an“S”-shaped ribbon.And before Permian and during the Early Triassic,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones underwent at least two periods of structural superimposition.Besides,the 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults are composed of small normal faults arranged in pairs,with opposite dip directions and partially left-stepped arrangement.And before Permian,they had formed almost,restricting the eastward growth and propagation of the F_(I)19 fault zone.The F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones communicate multiple sets of source rocks and reservoirs from deep to shallow,and the timing of fault activity matches well with oil and gas generation peaks.If there were favorable Cambrian-Triassic sedimentary facies and reservoirs developing on the local anticlinal belts of both sides of the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones,the major reservoirs in this area are expected to achieve breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.展开更多
Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma ...Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.展开更多
In the field of calculating the attack area of air-to-air missiles in modern air combat scenarios,the limitations of existing research,including real-time calculation,accuracy efficiency trade-off,and the absence of t...In the field of calculating the attack area of air-to-air missiles in modern air combat scenarios,the limitations of existing research,including real-time calculation,accuracy efficiency trade-off,and the absence of the three-dimensional attack area model,restrict their practical applications.To address these issues,an improved backtracking algorithm is proposed to improve calculation efficiency.A significant reduction in solution time and maintenance of accuracy in the three-dimensional attack area are achieved by using the proposed algorithm.Furthermore,the age-layered population structure genetic programming(ALPS-GP)algorithm is introduced to determine an analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area,considering real-time requirements.The accuracy of the polynomial model is enhanced through the coefficient correction using an improved gradient descent algorithm.The study reveals a remarkable combination of high accuracy and efficient real-time computation,with a mean error of 91.89 m using the analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area solved in just 10^(-4)s,thus meeting the requirements of real-time combat scenarios.展开更多
The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated cata...The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Award No.2022YFC3401100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In recent years,notable progress has been achieved in both the hardware and algorithms of structured illumination microscopy(SIM).Nevertheless,the advancement of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)has been impeded by challenges arising from the speed and intricacy of polarization modulation.We introduce a high-speed modulation 3DSIM system,leveraging the polarizationmaintaining and modulation capabilities of a digital micromirror device(DMD)in conjunction with an electrooptic modulator.The DMD-3DSIM system yields a twofold enhancement in both lateral(133 nm)and axial(300 nm)resolution compared to wide-field imaging and can acquire a data set comprising 29 sections of 1024 pixels×1024 pixels,with 15 ms exposure time and 6.75 s per volume.The versatility of the DMD-3DSIM approach was exemplified through the imaging of various specimens,including fluorescent beads,nuclear pores,microtubules,actin filaments,and mitochondria within cells,as well as plant and animal tissues.Notably,polarized 3DSIM elucidated the orientation of actin filaments.Furthermore,the implementation of diverse deconvolution algorithms further enhances 3D resolution.The DMD-based 3DSIM system presents a rapid and reliable methodology for investigating biomedical phenomena,boasting capabilities encompassing 3D superresolution,fast temporal resolution,and polarization imaging.
文摘The originally published version of this paper regrettably contained some typos.First,“structure illumination microscopy”should have been written as“structured illumination microscopy”throughout the text,including in the article title,graphical abstract,the summary,and the main text.Second,in Figure 1A,“iFFT”should be written as“FFT.”Third,in Video S2,the labels“FO”and“Open”were placed incorrectly;FO is the high-quality reconstruction result,while Open contains reconstruction artifact.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3401100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(624B2009,62405010,62335008,62025501,92150301,and 62411540238).
文摘Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)is a popular method for observing subcellular/cellular structures or animal/plant tissues with gentle phototoxicity and 3D super-resolution.However,its time-consuming reconstruction process poses challenges for high-throughput imaging and real-time observation.Moreover,traditional 3DSIM typically requires more than six z layers for successful reconstruction and is susceptible to defocused backgrounds.This poses a great gap between single-layer 2DSIM and 6-layer 3DSIM,and limits the observation of thicker samples.To address these limitations,we developed FO-3DSIM,a novel method that integrates spatial-domain reconstruction with optical-sectioning SIM.FO-3DSIM enhances reconstruction speed by up to 855.7 times with superior performance with limited z layers and under high defocused backgrounds.It retains the high-fidelity,low-photon reconstruction capabilities of our previously proposed Open-3DSIM.Utilizing fast reconstruction and optical sectioning,we achieved large field-of-view(FOV)3D super-resolution imaging of mouse kidney actin,covering a region of 0.453 mm×0.453 mm×2.75μm within 23 min of acquisition and 13 min of reconstruction.Near real-time performance was demonstrated in live actin imaging with FO-3DSIM.Our approach reduces photodamage through limited z layer reconstruction,allowing the observation of ER tubes with just three layers.We anticipate that FO-3DSIM will pave the way for near real-time,large FOV 6D imaging,encompassing xyz super-resolution,multi-color,long-term,and polarization imaging with less photodamage,removed defocused backgrounds,and reduced reconstruction time.
基金support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.E2ET0411X2).
文摘In recent years,research investigations have focused on the substantial freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre(BG)region due to climate change.Despite active mesoscale eddies in the area,a notable gap in understanding the three-dimensional structure and induced transport has been observed.This study concentrates on the Canada Basin in the western Arctic Ocean,specifically examining a subsurface anticyclonic eddy(SAE)sampled by a Mooring A in the BG region.Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)analysis data reveal its lifecycle from February 15 to March 15,2017,marked by initiation,development,maturity,decay,and termination stages.This work extends the finding of SAE passing through Mooring A by examining its overall effects,spatiotemporal variations,and swirl transport.SAE generation through baroclinic instability,which contributes to the westward tilt of the vertical axis,is also confirmed in this study.Swirl transport induced by SAE is predominantly eastward and downward due to its trajectory and background flow.SAE temporarily weakens stratification and extends the subsurface depth but demonstrates transient effects.Moreover,SAE transports upper-layer freshwater,Pacific Winter Water,and Atlantic Water downward,emphasizing its potential influence on freshwater redistribution in the Canadian Basin.This research provides valuable insights into mesoscale eddy dynamics,revealing their role in modulating the upper water mass in the BG region.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(42225107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001326,42371414,42171409,and 42271419)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2022A1515012207)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning(202201011539)。
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)urban structures play a critical role in informing climate mitigation strategies aimed at the built environment and facilitating sustainable urban development.Regrettably,there exists a significant gap in detailed and consistent data on 3D building space structures with global coverage due to the challenges inherent in the data collection and model calibration processes.In this study,we constructed a global urban structure(GUS-3D)dataset,including building volume,height,and footprint information,at a 500 m spatial resolution using extensive satellite observation products and numerous reference building samples.Our analysis indicated that the total volume of buildings worldwide in2015 exceeded 1×10^(12)m^(3).Over the 1985 to 2015 period,we observed a slight increase in the magnitude of 3D building volume growth(i.e.,it increased from 166.02 km3 during the 1985–2000 period to 175.08km3 during the 2000–2015 period),while the expansion magnitudes of the two-dimensional(2D)building footprint(22.51×10^(3) vs 13.29×10^(3)km^(2))and urban extent(157×10^(3) vs 133.8×10^(3)km^(2))notably decreased.This trend highlights the significant increase in intensive vertical utilization of urban land.Furthermore,we identified significant heterogeneity in building space provision and inequality across cities worldwide.This inequality is particularly pronounced in many populous Asian cities,which has been overlooked in previous studies on economic inequality.The GUS-3D dataset shows great potential to deepen our understanding of the urban environment and creates new horizons for numerous 3D urban studies.
文摘Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.
文摘In the printing industry,the common method of coloring relies on inks,which contains amounts of chemical agents,causing environment pollution.However,structural color achieves coloration through the refraction and diffraction of light by periodic structure,offering eco-friendly and fade-resistant advantages,as well as colorful.In this study,screen printing was used to create patterned mask on paper substrates.Then,coated SiO_(2)microspheres on the mask to create structural color patterns with angle-dependent color characteristics.The patterns showed color changes from rose-red to orange to green by changing the viewing angle.By changing the color grayscale,the absorption of stray light by the substrate was enhanced,thereby the brightness and saturation of the structural color improved too.This method is simple,cost-effective,and environmentally friendly,and it has highly promising for the application in printing and anti-counterfeiting.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42174104,No.42204089)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022CFB350)+1 种基金the Basic Research Fund of Institute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration(IS202326341)Open Fund ofWuhan,Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides,National Observation and Research Station(WHYWZ202108,WHYWZ202301)。
文摘Controlled by the squeezing collision between the Yangtze block and the North China block and the left movement of the Tanlu fault, the Xu-Su region developed into an arc-shaped nappe structure, and many destructive earthquakes occurred in its periphery. The geological structure of this area is complex, and there is the possibility of moderate and strong earthquakes. To further explore the crust density structure and identify the main faults and deep structural features in the Xu-Su region, based on the observed seismic data and gravity/GNSS co-site observation data, combined with the EGM2008 global gravity field model, we obtained the density of three-dimensional structure using cross gradient method joint inversion. Based on this, a geological model of the Xu-Su region was established. The results show that the crustal density anomaly amplitude within 0-25 km of the Xu-Su region ranges from-280 to 490 kg/m3, showing a zonal distribution in east-west direction and a segmented north-south direction. There are several density anomalies in the shallow(0-4 km) region at Tongshan, Huaibei, Xiayi, Woyang, etc. The density anomalies are significantly correlated with the distribution of regional faults. The density structure is divided into two large regions by Subei fault, which can be further divided along the eastwest Kouziji-Nanzhao fault and Guzhen-Huaiyuan fault. The earthquakes are obviously related to the regional fault activity and the spatial distribution of abnormal bodies. The earthquake-prone areas(5-15 km) correspond to the abnormal density mutation zone, upper uplift zone, and transformation zone near Xiaoxian, Tongshan, and Xushuanglou faults. The comprehensive results show three weak seismic activity areas in the whole region, which are located near the Huaibei, Xiaoxian, and Wohe faults. The results provide theoretical support for seismic risk analysis in this area, and these three areas should be emphasized in future seismic hazard analysis.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Southwest Petroleum University(No.2021JBGS03)the Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects Guided by the Central Government of China(No.2021ZYD0060)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22209143 and 52371241)Guangdong High-level Innovation Institute Project(Nos.2021B0909050001 and 2021CX02L365)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023B1515120095).
文摘The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is of great significance for the practical application of water splitting in alkaline electrolytes.Transition metal sulfide electrocatalysts have been widely recognized as efficient catalysts for water splitting in alkaline media.In this work,an original and efficient synthesis strategy is proposed for the fabrication of asymmetric anode(N-(Co-Cu)S_(x))and cathode(N-CoS/Cu_(2)S).Impressively,these electrodes exhibit superior performance,benefiting from the construction of three-dimensional(3D)structures and the electronic structure adjustment caused by N-doping with increased active sites,improved mass/charge transport and enhanced evolution and release of gas bubbles.Hence,N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)anode exhibits excellent OER performance with only 217 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2),while N-CoS/Cu_(2)S cathode possesses excellent HER performance with only 67 mV overpotential at 10 mA·cm^(-2).N-(Co-Cu)S_(x)||N-CoS/Cu_(2)S electrolyzer presents a low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA·cm^(-2)toward overall water splitting,which is superior to most recently reported transition metal sulfide-based catalysts.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC2902103National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:51934001Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2023JCCXLJ02。
文摘Fracture surface contour study is one of the important requirements for characterization and evaluation of the microstructure of rocks.Based on the improved cube covering method and the 3D contour digital reconstruction model,this study proposes a quantitative microstructure characterization method combining the roughness evaluation index and the 3D fractal dimension to study the change rule of the fracture surface morphology after blasting.This method was applied and validated in the study of the fracture microstructure of the rock after blasting.The results show that the fracture morphology characteristics of the 3D contour digital reconstruction model have good correlation with the changes of the blasting action.The undulation rate of the three-dimensional surface profile of the rock is more prone to dramatic rise and dramatic fall morphology.In terms of tilting trend,the tilting direction also shows gradual disorder,with the tilting angle increasing correspondingly.All the roughness evaluation indexes of the rock fissure surface after blasting show a linear and gradually increasing trend as the distance to the bursting center increases;the difference between the two-dimensional roughness evaluation indexes and the three-dimensional ones of the same micro-area rock samples also becomes increasingly larger,among which the three-dimensional fissure roughness coefficient JRC and the surface roughness ratio Rs display better correlation.Compared with the linear fitting formula of the power function relationship,the three-dimensional fractal dimension of the postblast fissure surface is fitted with the values of JRC and Rs,which renders higher correlation coefficients,and the degree of linear fitting of JRC to the three-dimensional fractal dimension is higher.The fractal characteristics of the blast-affected region form a unity with the three-dimensional roughness evaluation of the fissure surface.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2022YFE0106400the China Scholarship Council under contract No.202206710071+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province under contract No.KYCX23_0657the Special Founds for Creative Research under contract No.2022C61540the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology under contract No.521037412.
文摘Satellite altimetry missions at high latitude have opened new avenues for understanding the changes occurring over the ice-covered region.By incorporating Arctic satellite remote sensing data-including sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface height anomaly(SSHA),and sea surface salinity(SSS).This study employs a variational method to reconstruct the three-dimensional thermohaline structure of the Arctic Ocean.Compared to the Regional Arctic Reanalysis(RARE),the reconstruction well captures both the horizontal and vertical temperature and salinity structures in the Arctic.It demonstrates superior skill over RARE,when compared with Argo profiles and Ice-Tethered Profiler(ITP)observations.The reconstruction is particularly effective in ice-covered regions,where it more accurately captures the transition from Pacific water to Atlantic water compared to RARE.These findings underscore the potential of applying Arctic satellite data to reconstruct vertical thermohaline structures in the Arctic,particularly in areas due to lack of the subsurface observation reanalysis data exhibit significant biases.As Arctic satellite observations continue to advance,the applications of this method are becoming increasingly promising,which is useful for monitoring the ice-covered region environment and can be applied to oceanographic research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22073023)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421134)+1 种基金the Young Backbone Teacher in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province(2021GGJS020)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs。
文摘The acetylpolyamine oxidase(APAO),spermine oxidase(SMO),and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase(SSAT)are pivotal enzymes in polyamine metabolism,exerting direct influence on polyamine homeostasis regulation.Dysfunctions in these enzymes are intricately linked to inflammatory diseases and cancers.Establishing their three-dimensional structures is essential for exploring enzymatic catalytic mechanisms and designing inhibitors at the atomic level.This article primarily assesses the precision of AlphaFold2 and molecular dynamics simulations in determining the three-dimensional structures of these enzymes,utilizing protein conformation rationality assessment,residue correlation matrix,and other techniques.This provides robust models for subsequent polyamine catabolic metabolism calculations and offers valuable insights for modeling proteins that have yet to acquire crystal structures.
基金supported by research grants from the National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEMC (ZDJ2020-13)the Innovation Team Project from National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEMC (2023-JBKY-59)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42174093)。
文摘No earthquake of magnitude six or greater has been recorded historically in the southern segment of the Red River Fault(RRF).This absence constitutes a significant seismic gap, suggesting a risk of future strong earthquakes. The China Earthquake Science Experimental Site intends to conduct drilling exploration in this area, which necessitates improved knowledge of the fault zone's geometric distribution characteristics and deep structure. We obtained and analyzed audio and broadband magnetotelluric(MT) data collected at one of the alternative drilling stations(in the Dazhai Village of Honghe County). We have used these data to obtain a highresolution 3-D electrical model of this study area's subsurface to a depth of 5 km. We report that the electrical structure from the surface to 0.5 km is relatively complex, characterized by alternating high and low resistivity;below 0.5 km, the electrical structure becomes more simplified. The RRF extends northwest-southeast orientation along the high and low resistivity boundary, dipping northeastward. The electrical structure of the Red River Valley, which the fault zone traverses, reveals low resistivity characteristics with a lateral width of up to2 km. This study offers critical electromagnetic constraints that enhance our understanding of the tectonic characteristics of the RRF. The findings will inform and aid in the design of drilling plans for the southern segment of the RRF region.
基金supported by the Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shandong-Yellow River Basin(No.YDZX2023019)Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.ZR2020QF067 and ZR2023QD073)+6 种基金the Discipline Cluster Research Project of Qingdao University“Deep mining and intelligent prediction of multimodal big data for marine ecological disasters”(No.20240604)sourced from the International Argo Program and the national programs that contribute to it(https://argo.ucsd.edu)the CMEMS(http://marine.copernicus.eu/)the CDS(https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/)the EMODnet(https://www.emodnet-chemistry.eu/)obtained from the ERA5(https://www.ecmwf.int)derived from the Glob Colour Project(http://globcolour.info).
文摘Oceanic dissolved oxygen(DO)concentration is crucial for assessing the status of marine ecosystems.Against the backdrop of global warming,DO shows a general decrease,posing a threat to the health of marine ecosystems.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop advanced tools to characterize the spatio-temporal variations of three-dimensional(3D)DO.To address this challenge,this study introduces the Light Gradient Boosting Machine(Light-GBM),combining satellite remote sensing and reanalysis data with Biogeochemical Argo data to accurately reconstruct the 3D DO structure in the Mediterranean Sea from 2010 to 2022.Various environmental parameters are incorporated as inputs,including spatiotemporal features,meteorological characteristics,and ocean color properties.The LightGBM model demonstrates excellent performance on the testing dataset with R^(2) of 0.958.The modeled DO agrees better with in-situ measurements than products from numerical models.Using the Shapley Additive exPlanations method,the contributions of input features are assessed.Sea surface temperatures provide a correlation with DO at the sea surface,while spatial coordinates supplement the view of the ocean interior.Based on the reconstructed 3D DO structure,we identify an oxygen minimum zone in the western Mediterranean that expands continuously,reaching depths of approximately 300–800 m.The western Mediterranean exhibits a significant declining trend.This study enhances marine environmental evidence by proposing a precise and cost-effective approach for reconstructing 3D DO,thereby offering insights into the dynamics of DO variations under changing climatic conditions.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.5210125 and 52375422)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2023058)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2020208069,B2020208083 and E202320801).
文摘The stability and electrocatalytic efficiency of transition metal oxides for water splitting is determined by geometric and electronic structure,especially under high current densities.Herein,a newly designed lamella-heterostructured nanoporous CoFe/CoFe_(2)O_(4) and CeO_(2−x),in situ grown on nickel foam(NF),holds great promise as a high-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst(named R-CoFe/Ce/NF)for water splitting.Experimental characterization verifies surface reconstruction from CoFe alloy/oxide to highly active CoFeOOH during in situ electrochemical polarization.By virtues of three-dimensional nanoporous architecture and abundant electroactive CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterostructure interfaces,the R-CoFe/Ce/NF electrode achieves low overpotentials for oxygen evolution(η_(10)=227 mV;η_(500)=450 mV)and hydrogen evolution(η_(10)=35 mV;η_(408)=560 mV)reactions with high normalized electrochemical active surface areas,respectively.Additionally,the alkaline full water splitting electrolyzer of R-CoFe/Ce/NF||R-CoFe/Ce/NF achieves a current density of 50 mA·cm^(−2) only at 1.75 V;the decline of activity is satisfactory after 100-h durability test at 300 mA·cm^(−2).Density functional theory also demonstrates that the electron can transfer from CeO_(2−x) by virtue of O atom to CoFeOOH at CoFeOOH/CeO_(2−x) heterointerfaces and enhancing the adsorption of reactant,thus optimizing electronic structure and Gibbs free energies for the improvement of the activity for water splitting.
文摘To address the problem of multi-missile cooperative interception against maneuvering targets at a prespecified impact time and desired Line-of-Sight(LOS)angles in ThreeDimensional(3D)space,this paper proposes a 3D leader-following cooperative interception guidance law.First,in the LOS direction of the leader,an impact time-controlled guidance law is derived based on the fixed-time stability theory,which enables the leader to complete the interception task at a prespecified impact time.Next,in the LOS direction of the followers,by introducing a time consensus tracking error function,a fixed-time consensus tracking guidance law is investigated to guarantee the consensus tracking convergence of the time-to-go.Then,in the direction normal to the LOS,by combining the designed global integral sliding mode surface and the second-order Sliding Mode Control(SMC)theory,an innovative 3D LOS-angle-constrained interception guidance law is developed,which eliminates the reaching phase in the traditional sliding mode guidance laws and effectively saves energy consumption.Moreover,it effectively suppresses the chattering phenomenon while avoiding the singularity issue,and compensates for unknown interference caused by target maneuvering online,making it convenient for practical engineering applications.Finally,theoretical proof analysis and multiple sets of numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness,superiority,and robustness of the investigated guidance law.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42330810).
文摘With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,fault throw analyzing,and balanced profile restoration,it is pointed out that the transtensional fault system in the Ziyang 3-D seismic survey consists of the northeast-trending F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones dominated by extensional deformation,as well as 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults experienced dextral shear deformation.Among them,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones cut through the Neoproterozoic to Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,presenting a 3-D structure of an“S”-shaped ribbon.And before Permian and during the Early Triassic,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones underwent at least two periods of structural superimposition.Besides,the 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults are composed of small normal faults arranged in pairs,with opposite dip directions and partially left-stepped arrangement.And before Permian,they had formed almost,restricting the eastward growth and propagation of the F_(I)19 fault zone.The F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones communicate multiple sets of source rocks and reservoirs from deep to shallow,and the timing of fault activity matches well with oil and gas generation peaks.If there were favorable Cambrian-Triassic sedimentary facies and reservoirs developing on the local anticlinal belts of both sides of the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones,the major reservoirs in this area are expected to achieve breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.
文摘Liposarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas,however,its occurrence rate is still rare compared to other cancers.Due to its rarity,in vitro experiments are an essential approach to elucidate liposarcoma pathobiology.Conventional cell culture-based research(2D cell culture)is still playing a pivotal role,while several shortcomings have been recently under discussion.In vivo,mouse models are usually adopted for pre-clinical analyses with expectations to overcome the issues of 2D cell culture.However,they do not fully recapitulate human dedifferentiated liposarcoma(DDLPS)characteristics.Therefore,three-dimensional(3D)culture systems have been the recent research focus in the cell biology field with the expectation to overcome at the same time the disadvantages of 2D cell culture and in vivo animal models and fill in the gap between them.Given the liposarcoma rarity,we believe that 3D cell culture techniques,including 3D cell cultures/co-cultures,and Patient-Derived tumor Organoids(PDOs),represent a promising approach to facilitate liposarcoma investigation and elucidate its molecular mechanisms and effective therapy development.In this review,we first provide a general overview of 3D cell cultures compared to 2D cell cultures.We then focus on one of the recent 3D cell culture applications,Patient-Derived Organoids(PDOs),summarizing and discussing several PDO methodologies.Finally,we discuss the current and future applications of PDOs to sarcoma,particularly in the field of liposarcoma.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373187)Forward-looking Layout Special Projects(ILA220591A22)。
文摘In the field of calculating the attack area of air-to-air missiles in modern air combat scenarios,the limitations of existing research,including real-time calculation,accuracy efficiency trade-off,and the absence of the three-dimensional attack area model,restrict their practical applications.To address these issues,an improved backtracking algorithm is proposed to improve calculation efficiency.A significant reduction in solution time and maintenance of accuracy in the three-dimensional attack area are achieved by using the proposed algorithm.Furthermore,the age-layered population structure genetic programming(ALPS-GP)algorithm is introduced to determine an analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area,considering real-time requirements.The accuracy of the polynomial model is enhanced through the coefficient correction using an improved gradient descent algorithm.The study reveals a remarkable combination of high accuracy and efficient real-time computation,with a mean error of 91.89 m using the analytical polynomial model of the three-dimensional attack area solved in just 10^(-4)s,thus meeting the requirements of real-time combat scenarios.
基金supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program(No.AA23073008)Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction(Wuhan University)(No.2023–05)Nanning Innovation and Entrepreneur Leading Talent Project(No.2021001).
文摘The three-dimensional particle electrode system exhibits significant potential for application in the treatment of wastewater.Nonetheless,the advancement of effective granular electrodes characterized by elevated catalytic activity and minimal energy consumption continues to pose a significant challenge.In this research,Fluorine-doped copper-carbon(F/Cu-GAC)particle electrodes were effectively synthesized through an impregnationcalcination technique,utilizing granular activated carbon as the carrier and fluorinedoped modified copper oxides as the catalytic agents.The particle electrodes were subsequently utilized to promote the degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP)in a threedimensional electrocatalytic reactor(3DER).The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes were polarized under the action of electric field,which promoted the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction in which H2O2 generated by two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e-ORR)of O_(2) was catalytically decomposed to·OH.The 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes showed 100%removal of 2,4,6-TCP and 79.24%removal of TOC with a specific energy consumption(EC)of approximately 0.019 kWh/g·COD after 2 h of operation.The F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes exhibited an overpotential of 0.38 V and an electrochemically active surface area(ECSA)of 715 cm^(2),as determined through linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)and cyclic voltammetry(CV)assessments.These findings suggest a high level of electrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the catalytic mechanism of the 3DER equipped with F/Cu-GAC particle electrodes was elucidated through the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),and active species capture experiments.This investigation offers a novel approach for the effective degradation of 2,4,6-TCP.
