Objective:To investigate the differential effects of different rivaroxaban dosing regimens on symptom relief,fluctuations in laboratory parameters,and medication safety in patients with stable pulmonary embolism(PE).M...Objective:To investigate the differential effects of different rivaroxaban dosing regimens on symptom relief,fluctuations in laboratory parameters,and medication safety in patients with stable pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods:This study enrolled 100 patients in the maintenance phase of PE who were treated at our hospital between January 2022 and December 2023.They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 50 subjects in each group.The treatment period was uniformly set at 6 months.The control group received oral rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily,while the observation group received oral rivaroxaban 5 mg once daily.The study focused on comparing the two groups regarding the degree of clinical symptom relief,coagulation function parameters(including D-dimer levels,PT,and APTT),cardiac function markers(NT-proBNP),and drug-related adverse events.All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Measurement data are presented as mean±standard deviation,intergroup differences were verified by t-test,categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test,and the statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.Results:After six months of treatment intervention,there was no significant difference in the overall relief of core clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain between the two groups.Regarding laboratory indicators,post-treatment D-dimer levels,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,and NT-proBNP values were significantly optimized compared to baseline in both groups(P<0.05),but intergroup comparisons did not reach statistical significance.Notably,the overall incidence of bleeding events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events between the two groups.Conclusion:In the maintenance phase treatment of pulmonary embolism,rivaroxaban 5 mg and 10 mg doses are equivalent in efficacy regarding improvement of clinical symptoms and blood indicators.However,the 5 mg dose significantly reduces the risk of bleeding,offers better safety,and is more suitable for long-term anticoagulation management in some high-risk populations.展开更多
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness.In developing regions,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 are the primary strains responsible for widespread outbreaks and epidemics of acute jaundice(icteric hepatitis),transmitted predominantly through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water and food(Devarbhavi et al.,2023).展开更多
In this study,the dosimetric characteristics(thickness applicability,preheating time,temperature and humidity dependence,in-batch uniformity,readout reproducibility,dose linearity,self-decay,and electron energy respon...In this study,the dosimetric characteristics(thickness applicability,preheating time,temperature and humidity dependence,in-batch uniformity,readout reproducibility,dose linearity,self-decay,and electron energy response)of engineered polycarbonate films irradiated with an electron beam(0–600 kGy)were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The results show a linear relationship between photoluminescence intensity and radiation dose when the thickness of the polycarbonate film is 0.3 mm.A higher fluorescence intensity can be obtained by preheating at 60℃ for 180 min before photoluminescence spectrum analysis.As the temperature during spectral testing and the ambient humidity(during and after irradiation)increased,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate films decreased.The photoluminescence intensity deviation of the polycarbonate films produced within the same batch at 100 kGy is 2.73%.After ten times of repeated excitations and readouts,the coefficients of variation in photoluminescence intensity are less than 8.6%,and the linear correlation coefficient between photoluminescence intensity and irradiation dose is 0.965 in the dose capture range of 20–600 kGy.Within 60 days of irradiation,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate film decreased to 60%of the initial value.The response of the 0.3 mm polycarbonate films to electron beams with energies exceeding 3.5 MeV does not differ significantly.This comprehensive analysis indicates the potential of polycarbonate films as a high-radiation dose detection material.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic...BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.展开更多
The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg)...The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg) and immediate release tablets (IRMS, 20 mg). The plasma concentration of morphine was determined by GC MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of controlled release tablets and immediate release tablets were calculated∶ C max was 19.38±3.80 and 21.27±6.21 ng/ml, t max was 2.36 ±0.37 h and 0.56±0.16 h, t 1/2β was 3.53±0.87 and 3.03±0.74 h, AUC was 145.15±17.65 and 93.08±16.65 ng/ml, respectively. The steady state plasma concentration of morphine sulphate in cancer patients after multiple doses was achieved, C max of CRMS and IRMS was 27.43±0.33 ng/ml and 22.68±0.16 ng/ml, C min of CRMS and IRMS was 19.45±1.44 ng/ml and 18.14±0.49 ng/ml, respectively.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical effect differences of moxibustion with different doses on primary dysmenorrhea with cold congelation and blood stasis type.Methods:A total of 60 patients of primary dysmenorrhea were ...Objective:To explore the clinical effect differences of moxibustion with different doses on primary dysmenorrhea with cold congelation and blood stasis type.Methods:A total of 60 patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an intensified dose group and a conventional dose group.All of the patients were treated with moxibustion.In the intensified dose group,the treatment was given three times daily(once every morning,afternoon and at bedtime successively) and during the trial,1 case was dropped out and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis finally.In the conventional dose group,the treatment was given once daily and 1 case was dropped out during trial and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis.The score of visual analogue scale(VAS) at the worst painful time point,the score of dysmenorrhea symptoms and recurrence rate were observed and compared before and after treatment in the patients between the two groups.The clinical therapeutic effects were observed in the two groups too.Results:VAS difference value(D-value) and dysmenorrhea symptoms D-valuebefore and after treatment in the intensified dose group were higher than those in the conventional dose group respectively(both P<0.05).The recurrence rate was 14.29% in the intensified dose group,lower than 42.31% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).The total clinical effective rate was 96.55%in the intensified dose group,higher than 89.66% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional dose moxibustion,moxibustion with intensified dose achieves satisfactory therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea of cold congelation and blood stasis type.This therapy is low in recurrent rate and convenient in manipulation,thus it deserves to be promoted in clinical application.展开更多
The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multi...The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.展开更多
In this study, the activity concentrations of ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(222)Rn, and ^(40)K, emanation fractions(P),equilibrium equivalent concentration(EEC), and mass exhalation rates(E_m) of radon released from building ma...In this study, the activity concentrations of ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(222)Rn, and ^(40)K, emanation fractions(P),equilibrium equivalent concentration(EEC), and mass exhalation rates(E_m) of radon released from building materials used in Malaysia were studied using gamma-ray spectrometer with HPGe detector. Radiological parameters[activity concentration index(ACI), indoor air-absorbed dose rate(D_(in)), annual effective dose(AED_(in)) from external and internal(E_(Rn)), soft tissues(H_(ST)) and lung(H_L), and effective dose equivalent(H_(eff))] were estimated to evaluate radiological hazards due to the use of these building materials: sand, cement, gravel, bricks, tiles, fly ash, white cement, and ceramic raw materials. The measured P, EEC,and E_m vary from 10 to 30%, 0.9 to 22 Bq m^(-3), and 33 to 674 mBq h^(-1) kg^(-1), respectively, while the calculated ACI and AED_(in) vary from 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.1 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.4 ± 0.6 mSv y^(-1), respectively. On the other hand, the internal annual effective dose ranges from 0.1 to 1.4 mSv y^(-1). The estimated radiological risk parameters were below the recommended maximum values, and radiological hazards associated with building materials under investigation are therefore negligible.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the radiation dose received by patients during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedures and the related influencing factors.Methods:Data of 162...Objective:To analyze the radiation dose received by patients during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedures and the related influencing factors.Methods:Data of 162 cases in the HAIC group and 230 cases in the TACE group were collected.The included covariates were Age(<45/45-59/≥60 years),BMI levels(underweight/normal weight/obesity),focus Dye of tumor(present/absent),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm),superselection(present/absent),hepatic vascular variation(present/absent).The endpoints were postoperative dose-area product(DAP),exposure time and Air kerma(AK).Results:Of all included patients,the HAIC group patients were younger than those in the TACE group(P=0.028).The proportion of patients with large lesions in the HAIC group was higher than the TACE group(45.7%vs.33.9%,P=0.019).The proportion of patients who had superselection was lower in the HAIC group as compared to the TACE group(61.7%vs.82.2%,P<0.001).Generally,the HAIC group has lower DAP,exposure time and AK by 36.3%(P<0.001),38.2%(P<0.001),and 41.3%(P<0.001)than the TACE group,respectively.Linear regression analysis showed the procedure method(HAIC/TACE,P<0.001),type of DSA machine(Pheno/FD20,P<0.001),BMI levels(P<0.001),age(P=0.021),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm,P=0.031)significantly correlated with low DAP.In the HAIC group,the type of DSA machine and BMI correlated with the radiation dose,while in the TACE group,the type of DSA machine,BMI,and lesion size correlated with the radiation dose.Conclusion:Compared with TACE,HAIC enables doctors and patients to receive lower radiation doses.Obese patients in both HAIC and TACE groups increase the radiation exposure in interventional doctors and patients,but large lesions only affect the radiation dose in the TACE procedure.展开更多
A dosimetry study for chest, skull and lumbar spine examinations in adults has been carried out at two hospitals. The aim of the study was the assessment of adult patient’s dose for chest PA, chest LAT, skull AP and ...A dosimetry study for chest, skull and lumbar spine examinations in adults has been carried out at two hospitals. The aim of the study was the assessment of adult patient’s dose for chest PA, chest LAT, skull AP and lumbar spine AP examinations. The Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and the Effective Dose (ED) for each examination were obtained using DoseCal software. For each examination, different results were obtained at the two hospitals. At hospital A (IFF Hospital), the total number of patients studied was 140. The mean ESD values obtained for chest PA, chest LAT, skull AP and lumbar spine AP were 0.20 mGy, 0.47 mGy, 1.25 mGy, and 1.61 mGy, respectively. At hospital B (HGB Hospital), the total number of patients studied was 369 for similar examinations and projections. The ESD values were 0.10 mGy, 0.28 mGy, 0.66 mGy and 2.47 mGy, respectively. The mean ED values at hospital A and B were 0.02 mSv and 0.01 mSv for chest PA, 0.04 mSv and 0.03 mSv for chest LAT, 0.1 mSv and 0.06 mSv for skull AP, and 0.15 mSv and 0.26 mSv for lumbar spine AP, respectively. The results were compared with the European Community Reference Levels. Although the doses were low, there was still a need for personnel training and national guidance on good practice for optimization of patients’ doses.展开更多
Fourteen samples of marble were collected from different factories in Egypt. The samples were crushed, dried in controlled furnace for around twenty four hours, and then stored for five weeks in plastic Marinelli beak...Fourteen samples of marble were collected from different factories in Egypt. The samples were crushed, dried in controlled furnace for around twenty four hours, and then stored for five weeks in plastic Marinelli beakers. Concentrations and the U- and Th-bearing minerals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS).The gamma radiation of the samples was measured, employing high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy with an accumulating time for about 80000 sec. each. From the measured γ -ray spectra, activity concentrations were determined for marble samples 226Ra (37. 6 ± 1.7 - 100.54 ± 3.2 Bq/kg), 232Th (3.57 ± 0.64 - 9.37 ± 1.80 Bq/kg) and 40K (30.68 ± 1.1 – 1196 ± 4.9 Bq/kg). The absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose rates, radium equivalent activities as well as the radiation hazard indices were estimated. The radium equivalent activities (Raeq) are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg?1 set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Exposure to radiation from the natural radioactivity in building materials. Report by a Group of Experts of the OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, Paris, 1979) [1]. All obtained results referred to the fact that all the concentrations were within the allowed limits to domestic use. Comparing the results in this work with those published by International Atomic Energy Agency and local and universal researches, it was found that these concentrations were within the allowed limits for agricultural and domestic uses.展开更多
The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodo...The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.） are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly-ecdysed fifth-instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. During first day of pupation, spermatids were the highest （3,430 ± 7）, however, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the lowest （292 ± 16） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. During last day of pupation, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the highest （3,581 ± 3）, however, spermatogonia were the lowest （86± 4） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. The number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and elongated cysts with mature sperm were increased during pupal-developmental days in the controls. However, their numbers were significantly reduced in LD10- and even more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis compared with controls. Moreover, eupyrene sperm bundles were not present in pupal-testis. During pupal-developmental days, spermatids were the smallest （4.1 ± 0.9 dm in μm） and secondary spermatocytes were the largest （31.0 ± 1.8 dm in μm） in size compared with other developing spermatocytes. The sizes of the same developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in LD10-treated and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis of S. litura compared with controls.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the improvement of economy and living standards,the attention paid to short stature in children has been increasingly highlighted.Numerous causes can lead to short stature in children,among which growt...BACKGROUND With the improvement of economy and living standards,the attention paid to short stature in children has been increasingly highlighted.Numerous causes can lead to short stature in children,among which growth hormone deficiency(GHD)is a significant factor.AIM To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of different doses of long-acting polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone(PEG-rhGH)in the treatment of GHD in children.METHODS We selected 44 pediatric patients diagnosed with GHD who were treated at Wuhu First People's Hospital from 2014 to 2018.Total 23 patients were administered a high dose of long-acting PEG-rhGH at 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously each week,forming the high-dose group.Meanwhile,21 patients were given a lower dose of long-acting PEG-rhGH at 0.14 mg/kg subcutaneously each week,establishing the low-dose Group.The total treatment period was 2 years,during which we monitored the patients’height,annual growth velocity(GV),height standard deviation score(HtSDS),chronological age(CA),bone age(BA),and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)before treatment and at 6 mo,1 year,and 2 years after treatment initiation.We also monitored thyroid function,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and other side effects.Furthermore,we calculated the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.RESULTS After 1 year of treatment,the GV,HtSDS,IGF-1,BA,and IGFBP-3 in both groups significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment levels(P<0.05).Moreover,when comparing GV,HtSDS,IGF-1,BA,and IGFBP-3 between the two groups,there were no statistically significant differences either before or after the treatment(P>0.05).During the treatment intervals of 0-1.0 years and 1.0-2.0 years,both patient groups experienced a slowdown in GV and a decline in HtSDS improvement(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The use of PEG-rhGH in treating GHD patients was confirmed to be effective,with similar outcomes observed in both the high-dose group and low-dose groups,and no significant differences in the main side effects.展开更多
In this report, the results of preliminary research on L-alanine/ESR electron dosimeters are described. They include the designs of modelling tools and experimental capsules, the preparation and irradiation of very th...In this report, the results of preliminary research on L-alanine/ESR electron dosimeters are described. They include the designs of modelling tools and experimental capsules, the preparation and irradiation of very thin dosimeters, the measurement of ESR signal spectrum and the calibration method. The physical, chemical and dosimetric properties of the alanine free radical dosimeters, such as the smallest thickness, average density, lowest detectable limit, repeatability of the method, reproducibility resulted in directivity and location in resonance cavity, linearity regions as well as relative scattering of the response to identical doses, are summarized.展开更多
The ambient dose of radiation therapy and nuclear medicine units of Clinical Oncology Hospital, Menoufia University were investigated using thermoluminescence dosimeter MTS-700 and surveymeter (Inspector Radiation Ale...The ambient dose of radiation therapy and nuclear medicine units of Clinical Oncology Hospital, Menoufia University were investigated using thermoluminescence dosimeter MTS-700 and surveymeter (Inspector Radiation Alert). The maximum% difference between read out of both MTS-700 (TLD) and surveymeter did not exceed 6% and 8% for the two hospital units respectively. Values of the annual ambient dose received in both hospital units were found to be incompliant with radiation protection regulations. In addition, the extremity effective dose Hp (0.07) of staff in nuclear medicine unit was measured using wrist and finger techniques. Results indicate in-homogenies distribution of fingertips doses. Radiation doses received by the wrists and fingertips of radiopharmaceutical staff preparing 99mTc syringe were observed to be higher by a factor of about 1.41 and 1.44 respectively than those for the administrating staff whom injecting patients by 99mTc syringe, but also still in congruent with international radiation protection regulations.展开更多
Children are more sensitive to radiation than adults, so radiation protection in paediatric radiology deserves special attention. This work estimates the effective doses and body organ doses due to chest examinations ...Children are more sensitive to radiation than adults, so radiation protection in paediatric radiology deserves special attention. This work estimates the effective doses and body organ doses due to chest examinations in infants and paediatrics. Two examination incidences, AP and PA for chest X-ray exposures were evaluated and compared with respect to the radiographic technique employed. This study was carried out in three paediatric hospitals in Sudan. The age intervals considered were 0 - 1 year, 1 - 5 years, 5 - 10 years and 10 - 15 years. The results obtained for organ doses and effective doses were calculated using a software package developed by the Radiological Protection Centre of the Saint George’s Hospital, London. Effective dose values were also evaluated considering weight intervals from 1 - 10 kg, 10 - 20 kg, 20 - 30 kg and 30 - 40 kg. Large discrepancies were encountered between the three hospitals, probably due to the different radiographic technique employed, calibration and maintenance of the X-ray equipment, technicians’ expertise, processing conditions.展开更多
Aim: The simultaneous irradiation of target volumes of different total dose levels using intensity modulated radiotherapy leads to reduced doses per fraction and longer treatment times in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?...Aim: The simultaneous irradiation of target volumes of different total dose levels using intensity modulated radiotherapy leads to reduced doses per fraction and longer treatment times in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order. Does the thereby caused reduced biological effectiveness induce an increased recurrence risk? The current work deals with the problem of recurrences of patients with head and neck carcinomas treated either with an intensitiy (IMRT) or with a volumetric modulated (VMAT) irradiation technique. Methods: From October 2002 to September 2014, 699 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck were irradiated using IMRT or VMAT. The median follow up of the patients was 21.9 months (2 to 145 months). Primary tumor regions (1st?order target volume) of 565 patients were treated with doses per fraction of 2 Gy. Accordingly, further 133 target volumes of the primary tumor received reduced doses per fraction. In 1 patient, the lymphatic drainage was treated solely without irradiation of the primary region. For the lympatic drainage, 854 1st?order target volumes were treated with a dose per fraction of 2 Gy. Reduced doses per fraction were applied to further 1780 target volumes. Results: 54 of 699 patients developed a recurrence in the primary tumor region after radio-(chemo) therapy, 4 patients developed a recurrence of the primary tumor and a unilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage, 2 patients a recurrence of the primary tumor and a bilateral lymph node recurrence. 18 patients showed an isolated unilateral recurrence and additionally 2 patients a bilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage. 619 patients stayed recurrence free. In primary tumor regions, receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy 55 patients (9.7%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction 5 patients (3.8%) developed a recurrence (p < 0.001). In lympatic drainage target volumes receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy, 25 target volumes (2.9%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction, 5 patients (0.3%) developed a recurrence (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The recurrence risk in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order was not increased due to reduced doses per fraction deposited by means of a simultaneous integrated boost technique. Therefore, the simultaneous irradiation of target volumes with different dose levels is safely applicable within one treatment plan.展开更多
A field study to evaluate the “Response of various sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties under the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus doses’’ was carried out at Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, T...A field study to evaluate the “Response of various sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties under the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus doses’’ was carried out at Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during Kharif 2013. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial, having net plot size 6 × 3 m (18 m2). The treatments comprised two varieties such as S-17 and Pr-125, and six doses of NP i.e. (No fertilizer (Control), NP @ 30 - 30 kg·ha-1, NP @ 50 - 30 kg·ha-1, NP @ 50 - 50 kg·ha-1, NP @ 70 - 50 kg·ha-1 and NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1). The analysis of variance suggested that all the doses of NP affected significantly (P < 0.05) growth and yield of sesame varieties as compared to No fertilizer (Control) treatment. In the case of fertilizer doses, NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1 produced maximum plant height (102.33 cm), branches plant-1 (18.50), capsules plant-1 (42.17), seeds capsule-1 (57.67), seed weight plant-1 (37.50 g), seed index (3.10 g) and seed yield (774.17 kg·ha-1), whereas NP @ 70 + 50 kg·ha-1 and NP @ 50 - 50 kg·ha-1 ranked 2nd and 3rd in all the growth and yield traits, particularly seed yield (763.50 kg·ha-1 and 694.50 kg·ha-1). Among sesame varieties, S-17 resulted in maximum plant height (91.89 cm), branches plant-1 (15.11), capsules plant-1 (37.06), seeds capsule-1 (50.56), seed weight plant-1 (32.00 g), seed index (2.63 g) and seed yield (682.11 kg·ha-1), whereas variety Pr-125 resulted in minimum traits, particularly seed yield (657.56 kg·ha-1). In the case of interactive effects, the interaction of NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1 × variety S-17 produced maximum values, particularly seed yield (782.67), whereas minimum results were recorded in the interaction of No fertilizer (Control) × variety Pr-125. Hence results concluded that the interaction of NP @ 70 - 50 kg·ha-1 variety S-17 was found most economical for obtaining optimum yield of sesame because of non-significant differences with NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1.展开更多
Neurological signs and segmcntal demyelination in a cervical nerve were observed in rats treated orally with permethrin (300 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Inflammatory and degenerative signals were recorded in the diaphragm ...Neurological signs and segmcntal demyelination in a cervical nerve were observed in rats treated orally with permethrin (300 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Inflammatory and degenerative signals were recorded in the diaphragm muscle. These effects were more intense with the trade grade than with the technical grade product. The possible influence of the percentage of cisitrans isomers on the intensity of the observed effects is discussed. 5 imi Academic Press.Inc.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the differential effects of different rivaroxaban dosing regimens on symptom relief,fluctuations in laboratory parameters,and medication safety in patients with stable pulmonary embolism(PE).Methods:This study enrolled 100 patients in the maintenance phase of PE who were treated at our hospital between January 2022 and December 2023.They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group using a random number table,with 50 subjects in each group.The treatment period was uniformly set at 6 months.The control group received oral rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily,while the observation group received oral rivaroxaban 5 mg once daily.The study focused on comparing the two groups regarding the degree of clinical symptom relief,coagulation function parameters(including D-dimer levels,PT,and APTT),cardiac function markers(NT-proBNP),and drug-related adverse events.All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Measurement data are presented as mean±standard deviation,intergroup differences were verified by t-test,categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test,and the statistical significance level was set at P<0.05.Results:After six months of treatment intervention,there was no significant difference in the overall relief of core clinical symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain between the two groups.Regarding laboratory indicators,post-treatment D-dimer levels,prothrombin time,activated partial thromboplastin time,and NT-proBNP values were significantly optimized compared to baseline in both groups(P<0.05),but intergroup comparisons did not reach statistical significance.Notably,the overall incidence of bleeding events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences in the incidence rates of other adverse events between the two groups.Conclusion:In the maintenance phase treatment of pulmonary embolism,rivaroxaban 5 mg and 10 mg doses are equivalent in efficacy regarding improvement of clinical symptoms and blood indicators.However,the 5 mg dose significantly reduces the risk of bleeding,offers better safety,and is more suitable for long-term anticoagulation management in some high-risk populations.
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)represents a significant global cause of acute viral hepatitis.Annually,it is estimated to cause approximately 20.1 million infections worldwide,3.3 million of which result in symptomatic illness.In developing regions,genotypes HEV-1 and HEV-2 are the primary strains responsible for widespread outbreaks and epidemics of acute jaundice(icteric hepatitis),transmitted predominantly through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water and food(Devarbhavi et al.,2023).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12305385)Key Projects of Scientific Research of the Hunan Provincial Department of Education(22A0310)the Research Startup Project of University of South China(220XQD025).
文摘In this study,the dosimetric characteristics(thickness applicability,preheating time,temperature and humidity dependence,in-batch uniformity,readout reproducibility,dose linearity,self-decay,and electron energy response)of engineered polycarbonate films irradiated with an electron beam(0–600 kGy)were investigated using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The results show a linear relationship between photoluminescence intensity and radiation dose when the thickness of the polycarbonate film is 0.3 mm.A higher fluorescence intensity can be obtained by preheating at 60℃ for 180 min before photoluminescence spectrum analysis.As the temperature during spectral testing and the ambient humidity(during and after irradiation)increased,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate films decreased.The photoluminescence intensity deviation of the polycarbonate films produced within the same batch at 100 kGy is 2.73%.After ten times of repeated excitations and readouts,the coefficients of variation in photoluminescence intensity are less than 8.6%,and the linear correlation coefficient between photoluminescence intensity and irradiation dose is 0.965 in the dose capture range of 20–600 kGy.Within 60 days of irradiation,the photoluminescence intensity of the polycarbonate film decreased to 60%of the initial value.The response of the 0.3 mm polycarbonate films to electron beams with energies exceeding 3.5 MeV does not differ significantly.This comprehensive analysis indicates the potential of polycarbonate films as a high-radiation dose detection material.
文摘BACKGROUND Perioperative anesthesia management of obese patients presents significant challenges as traditional total body weight-based dosing fails to achieve optimal anesthetic effects due to altered pharmacokinetic characteristics including abnormal drug distribution and clearance.Rocuronium exhibits markedly different distribution patterns in obese patients,with conventional weight correction methods inadequately addressing individual muscle mass variations that critically influence drug distribution.AIM To investigate the quantitative relationship between skeletal muscle index(SMI)and rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients,establish a population pharmacokinetic model,and develop individualized dosing strategies based on muscle mass.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted,including 100 obese patients(body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2))who underwent elective radical colorectal cancer surgery at our hospital from June 2023 to January 2025.Skeletal muscle mass was measured using InBody 260 body composition analyzer and SMI was calculated to assess muscle mass,with male SMI<7.0 kg/m^(2) and female SMI<5.7 kg/m^(2)as diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia.Plasma rocuronium concentrations were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry,and nonlinear mixed-effect modeling was used to establish population pharmacokinetic modeling.Stepwise regression was used to screen covariates,and dosing regimens were optimized through Monte Carlo simulation.The primary endpoint was targeted plasma concentration achievement rate,and the secondary endpoint was postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence.RESULTS Among 100 patients,35(35.0%)had sarcopenia and 65(65.0%)did not.Patients in the sarcopenia group were older(64.1±9.8 years vs 54.2±10.9 years,P<0.001)and had significantly lower SMI(6.2±0.8 kg/m^(2)vs 8.4±1.2 kg/m^(2),P<0.001).SMI showed strong positive correlation with rocuronium steady-state distribution volume(r=0.718,P<0.001)and moderate negative correlation with clearance(r=-0.502,P<0.001).A two-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was successfully established,with SMI being the most important covariate affecting central compartment distribution volume(△OFV=-41.2,P<0.001).Model validation showed bootstrap successful convergence rate of 92.3%,and 92.1%of observed values fell within prediction intervals in predicted concentration versus predicted concentration.The SMI-based individualized dosing regimen improved target exposure achievement rate from 82.0%in traditional regimen to 93.5%(P=0.009),and reduced postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence from 13.0%to 3.5%(P=0.018).The sarcopenia group showed the most significant improvement in achievement rate,from 71.4%to 93.8%(P=0.017).CONCLUSION SMI shows strong correlation with rocuronium distribution volume in obese colorectal cancer patients and is a key factor affecting drug distribution.SMI-based individualized dosing strategies can significantly improve target exposure achievement rate and reduce postoperative residual muscle relaxation incidence,providing scientific evidence for precision anesthesia management in obese patients.
文摘The pharmacokinetics of morphine sulphate was studied in 10 Chinese healthy volunteers after a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected before and after administration of controlled release tablets (CRMS, 30 mg) and immediate release tablets (IRMS, 20 mg). The plasma concentration of morphine was determined by GC MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters of controlled release tablets and immediate release tablets were calculated∶ C max was 19.38±3.80 and 21.27±6.21 ng/ml, t max was 2.36 ±0.37 h and 0.56±0.16 h, t 1/2β was 3.53±0.87 and 3.03±0.74 h, AUC was 145.15±17.65 and 93.08±16.65 ng/ml, respectively. The steady state plasma concentration of morphine sulphate in cancer patients after multiple doses was achieved, C max of CRMS and IRMS was 27.43±0.33 ng/ml and 22.68±0.16 ng/ml, C min of CRMS and IRMS was 19.45±1.44 ng/ml and 18.14±0.49 ng/ml, respectively.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical effect differences of moxibustion with different doses on primary dysmenorrhea with cold congelation and blood stasis type.Methods:A total of 60 patients of primary dysmenorrhea were randomized into an intensified dose group and a conventional dose group.All of the patients were treated with moxibustion.In the intensified dose group,the treatment was given three times daily(once every morning,afternoon and at bedtime successively) and during the trial,1 case was dropped out and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis finally.In the conventional dose group,the treatment was given once daily and 1 case was dropped out during trial and 29 cases were included in the statistical analysis.The score of visual analogue scale(VAS) at the worst painful time point,the score of dysmenorrhea symptoms and recurrence rate were observed and compared before and after treatment in the patients between the two groups.The clinical therapeutic effects were observed in the two groups too.Results:VAS difference value(D-value) and dysmenorrhea symptoms D-valuebefore and after treatment in the intensified dose group were higher than those in the conventional dose group respectively(both P<0.05).The recurrence rate was 14.29% in the intensified dose group,lower than 42.31% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).The total clinical effective rate was 96.55%in the intensified dose group,higher than 89.66% in the conventional dose group,with the statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the conventional dose moxibustion,moxibustion with intensified dose achieves satisfactory therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea of cold congelation and blood stasis type.This therapy is low in recurrent rate and convenient in manipulation,thus it deserves to be promoted in clinical application.
文摘The prognosis of patients with previously treated tuberculosis (TB) was suggested to be dependent on whether the initial treatment was in compliance with the established guidelines. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to determine the proportion of new TB patients who received standard doses of rifampicin in multiple provinces of China, and the relationship between low doses of rifampicin and frequency of rifampicin-resistance as well as treatment outcomes. A total of 713 new TB patients were treated with either once-daily dose of bulk anti-TB drugs (group I) or every other day combination blister packs of anti-TB drugs containing rifampicin (group II) at more than 30 TB treatment centers/hospitals in China. Treatment history, therapeutic doses of rifampicin, and information about patients were extracted from their medical records and analyzed, and rifampicin-resistance of isolates collected from patients following the treatment as well as treatment outcomes were compared between two treatment groups. Among 522 patients in treatment group I, 154 (29.5%) received standard and 363 (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin;238 (45.6%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 243 (46.6%) were successfully treated. Among 191 patients in treatment group II, 175 (91.6%) received standard and 15 (7.9%) received low doses of rifampicin;72 (37.7%) isolates were rifampicin-resistant, and 105 (55%) were successfully treated. When patients who received low doses of rifampicin were compared to others within the same treatment group, increased rates for rifampicin-resistance and treatment failure were observed. Results from this study showed that most new TB patients in treatment group I (69.5%) received low doses of rifampicin, and their treatment outcomes were worse than those in treatment group II, indicating that low doses of rifampicin used for the initial treatment of new TB patients were correlated to increased frequency of rifampicin-resistance and poorer treatment outcomes.
基金supported by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and Lynas Advanced Material Plant under Grant Numbers GGPM-2017-084 and ST-2017-012,respectively
文摘In this study, the activity concentrations of ^(226)Ra,^(232)Th,^(222)Rn, and ^(40)K, emanation fractions(P),equilibrium equivalent concentration(EEC), and mass exhalation rates(E_m) of radon released from building materials used in Malaysia were studied using gamma-ray spectrometer with HPGe detector. Radiological parameters[activity concentration index(ACI), indoor air-absorbed dose rate(D_(in)), annual effective dose(AED_(in)) from external and internal(E_(Rn)), soft tissues(H_(ST)) and lung(H_L), and effective dose equivalent(H_(eff))] were estimated to evaluate radiological hazards due to the use of these building materials: sand, cement, gravel, bricks, tiles, fly ash, white cement, and ceramic raw materials. The measured P, EEC,and E_m vary from 10 to 30%, 0.9 to 22 Bq m^(-3), and 33 to 674 mBq h^(-1) kg^(-1), respectively, while the calculated ACI and AED_(in) vary from 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.1 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.01 to 2.4 ± 0.6 mSv y^(-1), respectively. On the other hand, the internal annual effective dose ranges from 0.1 to 1.4 mSv y^(-1). The estimated radiological risk parameters were below the recommended maximum values, and radiological hazards associated with building materials under investigation are therefore negligible.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81801804)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the radiation dose received by patients during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)and transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)procedures and the related influencing factors.Methods:Data of 162 cases in the HAIC group and 230 cases in the TACE group were collected.The included covariates were Age(<45/45-59/≥60 years),BMI levels(underweight/normal weight/obesity),focus Dye of tumor(present/absent),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm),superselection(present/absent),hepatic vascular variation(present/absent).The endpoints were postoperative dose-area product(DAP),exposure time and Air kerma(AK).Results:Of all included patients,the HAIC group patients were younger than those in the TACE group(P=0.028).The proportion of patients with large lesions in the HAIC group was higher than the TACE group(45.7%vs.33.9%,P=0.019).The proportion of patients who had superselection was lower in the HAIC group as compared to the TACE group(61.7%vs.82.2%,P<0.001).Generally,the HAIC group has lower DAP,exposure time and AK by 36.3%(P<0.001),38.2%(P<0.001),and 41.3%(P<0.001)than the TACE group,respectively.Linear regression analysis showed the procedure method(HAIC/TACE,P<0.001),type of DSA machine(Pheno/FD20,P<0.001),BMI levels(P<0.001),age(P=0.021),lesion size(<5 cm/≥5 cm,P=0.031)significantly correlated with low DAP.In the HAIC group,the type of DSA machine and BMI correlated with the radiation dose,while in the TACE group,the type of DSA machine,BMI,and lesion size correlated with the radiation dose.Conclusion:Compared with TACE,HAIC enables doctors and patients to receive lower radiation doses.Obese patients in both HAIC and TACE groups increase the radiation exposure in interventional doctors and patients,but large lesions only affect the radiation dose in the TACE procedure.
文摘A dosimetry study for chest, skull and lumbar spine examinations in adults has been carried out at two hospitals. The aim of the study was the assessment of adult patient’s dose for chest PA, chest LAT, skull AP and lumbar spine AP examinations. The Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and the Effective Dose (ED) for each examination were obtained using DoseCal software. For each examination, different results were obtained at the two hospitals. At hospital A (IFF Hospital), the total number of patients studied was 140. The mean ESD values obtained for chest PA, chest LAT, skull AP and lumbar spine AP were 0.20 mGy, 0.47 mGy, 1.25 mGy, and 1.61 mGy, respectively. At hospital B (HGB Hospital), the total number of patients studied was 369 for similar examinations and projections. The ESD values were 0.10 mGy, 0.28 mGy, 0.66 mGy and 2.47 mGy, respectively. The mean ED values at hospital A and B were 0.02 mSv and 0.01 mSv for chest PA, 0.04 mSv and 0.03 mSv for chest LAT, 0.1 mSv and 0.06 mSv for skull AP, and 0.15 mSv and 0.26 mSv for lumbar spine AP, respectively. The results were compared with the European Community Reference Levels. Although the doses were low, there was still a need for personnel training and national guidance on good practice for optimization of patients’ doses.
文摘Fourteen samples of marble were collected from different factories in Egypt. The samples were crushed, dried in controlled furnace for around twenty four hours, and then stored for five weeks in plastic Marinelli beakers. Concentrations and the U- and Th-bearing minerals were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS).The gamma radiation of the samples was measured, employing high resolution γ-ray spectroscopy with an accumulating time for about 80000 sec. each. From the measured γ -ray spectra, activity concentrations were determined for marble samples 226Ra (37. 6 ± 1.7 - 100.54 ± 3.2 Bq/kg), 232Th (3.57 ± 0.64 - 9.37 ± 1.80 Bq/kg) and 40K (30.68 ± 1.1 – 1196 ± 4.9 Bq/kg). The absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose rates, radium equivalent activities as well as the radiation hazard indices were estimated. The radium equivalent activities (Raeq) are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg?1 set by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Exposure to radiation from the natural radioactivity in building materials. Report by a Group of Experts of the OECD, Nuclear Energy Agency, OECD, Paris, 1979) [1]. All obtained results referred to the fact that all the concentrations were within the allowed limits to domestic use. Comparing the results in this work with those published by International Atomic Energy Agency and local and universal researches, it was found that these concentrations were within the allowed limits for agricultural and domestic uses.
文摘The effects of sublethal doses （LD10：1.00 ng larval-1; LD30： 3.75 ng larva-1） of chlorfluazuron on number and size of developmental spermatocytes in pupal-testis during spermatogenesis of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura （F.） are described. Chlorfluazuron was applied topically to newly-ecdysed fifth-instar larvae of S. litura under laboratory conditions. During first day of pupation, spermatids were the highest （3,430 ± 7）, however, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the lowest （292 ± 16） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. During last day of pupation, elongated spermatocytes with mature sperm were the highest （3,581 ± 3）, however, spermatogonia were the lowest （86± 4） in number in pupal-testis compared with other developing spermatocytes. The number of spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and elongated cysts with mature sperm were increased during pupal-developmental days in the controls. However, their numbers were significantly reduced in LD10- and even more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis compared with controls. Moreover, eupyrene sperm bundles were not present in pupal-testis. During pupal-developmental days, spermatids were the smallest （4.1 ± 0.9 dm in μm） and secondary spermatocytes were the largest （31.0 ± 1.8 dm in μm） in size compared with other developing spermatocytes. The sizes of the same developing spermatocytes were significantly reduced in LD10-treated and more significantly reduced in LD30-treated pupal-testis of S. litura compared with controls.
文摘BACKGROUND With the improvement of economy and living standards,the attention paid to short stature in children has been increasingly highlighted.Numerous causes can lead to short stature in children,among which growth hormone deficiency(GHD)is a significant factor.AIM To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of different doses of long-acting polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone(PEG-rhGH)in the treatment of GHD in children.METHODS We selected 44 pediatric patients diagnosed with GHD who were treated at Wuhu First People's Hospital from 2014 to 2018.Total 23 patients were administered a high dose of long-acting PEG-rhGH at 0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously each week,forming the high-dose group.Meanwhile,21 patients were given a lower dose of long-acting PEG-rhGH at 0.14 mg/kg subcutaneously each week,establishing the low-dose Group.The total treatment period was 2 years,during which we monitored the patients’height,annual growth velocity(GV),height standard deviation score(HtSDS),chronological age(CA),bone age(BA),and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)before treatment and at 6 mo,1 year,and 2 years after treatment initiation.We also monitored thyroid function,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,and other side effects.Furthermore,we calculated the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.RESULTS After 1 year of treatment,the GV,HtSDS,IGF-1,BA,and IGFBP-3 in both groups significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment levels(P<0.05).Moreover,when comparing GV,HtSDS,IGF-1,BA,and IGFBP-3 between the two groups,there were no statistically significant differences either before or after the treatment(P>0.05).During the treatment intervals of 0-1.0 years and 1.0-2.0 years,both patient groups experienced a slowdown in GV and a decline in HtSDS improvement(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The use of PEG-rhGH in treating GHD patients was confirmed to be effective,with similar outcomes observed in both the high-dose group and low-dose groups,and no significant differences in the main side effects.
基金This project was supported by IAEA under the research contact No. 4236/RB/R1
文摘In this report, the results of preliminary research on L-alanine/ESR electron dosimeters are described. They include the designs of modelling tools and experimental capsules, the preparation and irradiation of very thin dosimeters, the measurement of ESR signal spectrum and the calibration method. The physical, chemical and dosimetric properties of the alanine free radical dosimeters, such as the smallest thickness, average density, lowest detectable limit, repeatability of the method, reproducibility resulted in directivity and location in resonance cavity, linearity regions as well as relative scattering of the response to identical doses, are summarized.
文摘The ambient dose of radiation therapy and nuclear medicine units of Clinical Oncology Hospital, Menoufia University were investigated using thermoluminescence dosimeter MTS-700 and surveymeter (Inspector Radiation Alert). The maximum% difference between read out of both MTS-700 (TLD) and surveymeter did not exceed 6% and 8% for the two hospital units respectively. Values of the annual ambient dose received in both hospital units were found to be incompliant with radiation protection regulations. In addition, the extremity effective dose Hp (0.07) of staff in nuclear medicine unit was measured using wrist and finger techniques. Results indicate in-homogenies distribution of fingertips doses. Radiation doses received by the wrists and fingertips of radiopharmaceutical staff preparing 99mTc syringe were observed to be higher by a factor of about 1.41 and 1.44 respectively than those for the administrating staff whom injecting patients by 99mTc syringe, but also still in congruent with international radiation protection regulations.
文摘Children are more sensitive to radiation than adults, so radiation protection in paediatric radiology deserves special attention. This work estimates the effective doses and body organ doses due to chest examinations in infants and paediatrics. Two examination incidences, AP and PA for chest X-ray exposures were evaluated and compared with respect to the radiographic technique employed. This study was carried out in three paediatric hospitals in Sudan. The age intervals considered were 0 - 1 year, 1 - 5 years, 5 - 10 years and 10 - 15 years. The results obtained for organ doses and effective doses were calculated using a software package developed by the Radiological Protection Centre of the Saint George’s Hospital, London. Effective dose values were also evaluated considering weight intervals from 1 - 10 kg, 10 - 20 kg, 20 - 30 kg and 30 - 40 kg. Large discrepancies were encountered between the three hospitals, probably due to the different radiographic technique employed, calibration and maintenance of the X-ray equipment, technicians’ expertise, processing conditions.
文摘Aim: The simultaneous irradiation of target volumes of different total dose levels using intensity modulated radiotherapy leads to reduced doses per fraction and longer treatment times in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order. Does the thereby caused reduced biological effectiveness induce an increased recurrence risk? The current work deals with the problem of recurrences of patients with head and neck carcinomas treated either with an intensitiy (IMRT) or with a volumetric modulated (VMAT) irradiation technique. Methods: From October 2002 to September 2014, 699 patients with carcinomas of the head and neck were irradiated using IMRT or VMAT. The median follow up of the patients was 21.9 months (2 to 145 months). Primary tumor regions (1st?order target volume) of 565 patients were treated with doses per fraction of 2 Gy. Accordingly, further 133 target volumes of the primary tumor received reduced doses per fraction. In 1 patient, the lymphatic drainage was treated solely without irradiation of the primary region. For the lympatic drainage, 854 1st?order target volumes were treated with a dose per fraction of 2 Gy. Reduced doses per fraction were applied to further 1780 target volumes. Results: 54 of 699 patients developed a recurrence in the primary tumor region after radio-(chemo) therapy, 4 patients developed a recurrence of the primary tumor and a unilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage, 2 patients a recurrence of the primary tumor and a bilateral lymph node recurrence. 18 patients showed an isolated unilateral recurrence and additionally 2 patients a bilateral recurrence of the lymphatic drainage. 619 patients stayed recurrence free. In primary tumor regions, receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy 55 patients (9.7%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction 5 patients (3.8%) developed a recurrence (p < 0.001). In lympatic drainage target volumes receiving a dose per fraction of 2 Gy, 25 target volumes (2.9%) developed a recurrence, whereas in target volumes receiving a reduced dose per fraction, 5 patients (0.3%) developed a recurrence (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The recurrence risk in target volumes of 2nd?to 4th?order was not increased due to reduced doses per fraction deposited by means of a simultaneous integrated boost technique. Therefore, the simultaneous irradiation of target volumes with different dose levels is safely applicable within one treatment plan.
文摘A field study to evaluate the “Response of various sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties under the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus doses’’ was carried out at Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during Kharif 2013. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial, having net plot size 6 × 3 m (18 m2). The treatments comprised two varieties such as S-17 and Pr-125, and six doses of NP i.e. (No fertilizer (Control), NP @ 30 - 30 kg·ha-1, NP @ 50 - 30 kg·ha-1, NP @ 50 - 50 kg·ha-1, NP @ 70 - 50 kg·ha-1 and NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1). The analysis of variance suggested that all the doses of NP affected significantly (P < 0.05) growth and yield of sesame varieties as compared to No fertilizer (Control) treatment. In the case of fertilizer doses, NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1 produced maximum plant height (102.33 cm), branches plant-1 (18.50), capsules plant-1 (42.17), seeds capsule-1 (57.67), seed weight plant-1 (37.50 g), seed index (3.10 g) and seed yield (774.17 kg·ha-1), whereas NP @ 70 + 50 kg·ha-1 and NP @ 50 - 50 kg·ha-1 ranked 2nd and 3rd in all the growth and yield traits, particularly seed yield (763.50 kg·ha-1 and 694.50 kg·ha-1). Among sesame varieties, S-17 resulted in maximum plant height (91.89 cm), branches plant-1 (15.11), capsules plant-1 (37.06), seeds capsule-1 (50.56), seed weight plant-1 (32.00 g), seed index (2.63 g) and seed yield (682.11 kg·ha-1), whereas variety Pr-125 resulted in minimum traits, particularly seed yield (657.56 kg·ha-1). In the case of interactive effects, the interaction of NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1 × variety S-17 produced maximum values, particularly seed yield (782.67), whereas minimum results were recorded in the interaction of No fertilizer (Control) × variety Pr-125. Hence results concluded that the interaction of NP @ 70 - 50 kg·ha-1 variety S-17 was found most economical for obtaining optimum yield of sesame because of non-significant differences with NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1.
文摘Neurological signs and segmcntal demyelination in a cervical nerve were observed in rats treated orally with permethrin (300 mg/kg/day) for 5 days. Inflammatory and degenerative signals were recorded in the diaphragm muscle. These effects were more intense with the trade grade than with the technical grade product. The possible influence of the percentage of cisitrans isomers on the intensity of the observed effects is discussed. 5 imi Academic Press.Inc.
