The structure of the road and bridge has a great impact on its stability, in the process of domestic transportation industry development, its stability is a very important factor, if the stability of the road is not g...The structure of the road and bridge has a great impact on its stability, in the process of domestic transportation industry development, its stability is a very important factor, if the stability of the road is not good, will not only to the life of the highway bridge caused great negative effect, and is likely to cause structural damage of the road and bridge, causing serious safety risks. Therefore, this article through the structural optimization of road and bridge structure, from improving the stability of road and bridge discussion, and according to the current structural characteristics of road and bridges in different regions of China, formulate the corresponding safety measures, for the future designers for reference.展开更多
Under the new historical conditions, Chinas urbanization process is accelerating, and the development speed of our country is also accelerating. As an important part of infrastructure, the construction quality of high...Under the new historical conditions, Chinas urbanization process is accelerating, and the development speed of our country is also accelerating. As an important part of infrastructure, the construction quality of highway and bridge construction directly affects the economic development of a country and a whole. Due to the increasing number of vehicles, the life cycle of the road bridge cannot adapt to the current development needs. The engineering design work of highway and bridge is very complicated, not only the demand for engineering technology is very high, but also must have the characteristics of the system, in order to enhance the adaptability of the project, ensure the safety of the project, increase the cost of the project. Scientific and reasonable structural optimization is an effective way to improve the overall quality of highway and bridge.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely comme...Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.展开更多
Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for ...Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.展开更多
Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the e...Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the essential prerequisites for their successful clinical translation.Subsequently,a detailed review of magnesium-based materials is presented from five critical areas of alloying,fabrication techniques,purification,surface modification,and structural design,systematically addressing their progress in biodegradation rate retardation,mechanical reinforcement,and biocompatibility enhancement.Furthermore,recent breakthroughs in vivo animal experiments and clinical translation of magnesium alloys are summarized.Finally,this review concludes with a critical assessment of the achievements and challenges encountered in the clinical application of these materials,and proposes practical strategies to address current limitations and guide future research perspectives.展开更多
Organohydrogel-based strain sensors are gaining attention for real-time health services and human-machine interactions due to their flexibility,stretchability,and skin-like compliance.However,these sensors often have ...Organohydrogel-based strain sensors are gaining attention for real-time health services and human-machine interactions due to their flexibility,stretchability,and skin-like compliance.However,these sensors often have limited sensitivity and poor stability due to their bulk structure and strain concentration during stretching.In this study,we designed and fabricated diamond-,grid-,and peanut-shaped organohydrogel based on positive,near-zero,and negative Poisson’s ratios using digital light processing(DLP)-based 3D printing technology.Through structural design and optimization,the grid-shaped organohydrogel exhibited record sensitivity with gauge factors of 4.5(0–200%strain,ionic mode)and 13.5/1.5×10^(6)(0-2%/2%-100%strain,electronic mode),alongside full resistance recovery for enhanced stability.The 3D-printed grid structure enabled direct wearability and breathability,overcoming traditional sensor limitations.Integrated with a robotic hand system,this sensor demonstrated clinical potential through precise monitoring of paralyzed patients’grasping movements(with a minimum monitoring angle of 5°).This structural design paradigm advanced flexible electronics by synergizing high sensitivity,stability,wearability,and breathability for healthcare,and human-machine interfaces.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources,low solvation energy,and cost-effectiveness.Among the available...Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources,low solvation energy,and cost-effectiveness.Among the available cathode materials,vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathodes are particularly notable for their high operating voltage,excellent thermal stability,and superior cycling performance.However,these materials face significant challenges,including sluggish reaction kinetics,the toxicity of vanadium,and poor electronic conductivity.To overcome these limitations and enhance electrochemical performance,various strategies have been explored.These include morphology regulation via diverse synthesis routes and electronic structure optimization through metal doping,which effectively improve the diffusion of Na+and electrons in vanadium-based phosphate cathodes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with V-based polyanion cathodes and examines the role of morphology and electronic structure design in enhancing performance.Key vanadium-based phosphate frameworks,such as orthophosphates(Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)),pyrophosphates(NaVP_(2)O_(7),Na_(2)(VO)P_(2)O_(7),Na_(7)V_(3)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)),and mixed phosphates(Na_(7)V_(4)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)PO_(4)),are discussed in detail,highlighting recent advances and insights into their structure-property relationships.The design of cathode material morphology offers an effective approach to optimizing material structures,compositions,porosity,and ion/electron diffusion pathways.Simultaneously,electronic structure tuning through element doping allows for the regulation of band structures,electron distribution,diffusion barriers,and the intrinsic conductivity of phosphate compounds.Addressing the challenges associated with vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathode materials,this study proposes feasible solutions and outlines future research directions toward advancement of high-performance vanadium-based polyanion cathodes.展开更多
Long-bone fractures are common complaints in orthopedic surgery.In recent years,significant progress has been made in robot-assisted fracture-reduction techniques.As a key medical device for diverse fracture morpholog...Long-bone fractures are common complaints in orthopedic surgery.In recent years,significant progress has been made in robot-assisted fracture-reduction techniques.As a key medical device for diverse fracture morphologies and sites,the design of the reduction robot has a profound impact on the reduction outcomes.However,existing reduction robots have practical limitations and cannot simultaneously satisfy clinical requirements in terms of workspace,force/torque,and structural stiffness.To overcome these problems,we first analyze the potential placement areas and performance requirements of reduction robots according to clinical application scenarios.Subsequently,a 3UPS/S-3P hybrid configuration with decoupled rotational and translational degrees of freedom(DOFs)is proposed,and a kinematic model is derived to achieve the motion characteristics of the remote center of motion(RCM).Furthermore,the structural design of a hybrid reduction robot with an integrated distal clamp and proximal fixator was completed,and a mechanical prototype was constructed.The results of the performance evaluations and static analysis demonstrate that the proposed reduction robot has acceptable workspace,force,and torque performance and excellent structural stiffness.Two clinical case simulations further demonstrated the clinical feasibility of the robot.Finally,preliminary experiments on bone models demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the proposed reduction robot in lower-limb fracture reduction.展开更多
Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of pota...Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of potassium ions,most conventional anode materials undergo severe volume expansion,making it difficult to achieve stable and reversible energy storage.Therefore,developing high-performance anode materials is one of the critical factors in developing PIBs.In this sense,antimony(Sb)-based anode materials with high theoretical capacity and safe reaction potentials have a broad potential for application in PIBs.However,overcoming the rapid capacity decay induced by the large radius of potassium ions is still an issue that needs to be focused on.This paper reviews the latest research on different types of Sb-based anode materials and provides an in-depth analysis of their optimization strategies.We focus on material selection,structural design,and storage mechanisms to develop a detailed description of the material.In addition,the current challenges still faced by Sb-based anode materials are summarized,and some further optimization strategies have been added.We hope to provide some insights for researchers developing Sb-based anode materials for next-generation advanced PIBs.展开更多
The development of wearable electronics necessitates flexible and robust energy storage components to enhance comfort and battery longevity.The key to flexible batteries is improving electrochemical stability during d...The development of wearable electronics necessitates flexible and robust energy storage components to enhance comfort and battery longevity.The key to flexible batteries is improving electrochemical stability during deformation,which demands mechanical analysis for optimized design and manufacturing.This paper summarizes the progress of flexible batteries from a mechanical perspective,highlighting highly deformable structures such as fiber,wave,origami,and rigid-supple integrated designs.We discuss mechanical performance characterization and existing evaluation criteria for battery flexibility,along with simulation modeling and testing methods.Furthermore,we analyze mechano-electrochemical coupling,reviewing theoretical models that simulate mechanical and electrochemical behavior under various loads and introduce coupling tests that assess electrochemical performance during deformation.Finally,we suggest future research directions to advance flexible energy storage devices.展开更多
Regarding the current materials used for suture anchors for rotator cuff repair,there are still limitations in terms of degradability,mechanical properties,and bioactivities in clinical applications.Magnesium alloys h...Regarding the current materials used for suture anchors for rotator cuff repair,there are still limitations in terms of degradability,mechanical properties,and bioactivities in clinical applications.Magnesium alloys have preliminarily been shown to promote tendon-bone healing with good prospects for application as anchor materials.However,the design of anchor structures for the degradation characteristics of magnesium alloy materials has not been considered,which is critical for the practical application of magnesium alloy anchors.The mechanism by which magnesium promotes tendon bone healing remains to be clarified.Here,we proposed a novel split hollowed magnesium alloy suture anchors for the repair of rabbit rotator cuff injury.We found that novel split hollowed magnesium alloy anchors structure effectively solved the problem of failure due to degradation of traditional eyelet structure,providing reliable suture fixation.The open architecture facilitates the metabolic resorption of the degradation products of and promotes the ingrowth of bone tissue.Histological staining showed that magnesium anchors have better ability to promote regeneration at the fibrocartilage interface compared to PLLA anchors.The higher expression of fibrocartilage markers(Aggrecan,COL2A1,and Sox9)at the tendon-bone interface in magnesium anchors,which promotes chondrocyte differentiation at the tendon-bone interface and matrix formation,which is more conducive to achieving regeneration and maturation of fibrocartilage enthesis.Hence,this study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of degradable magnesium alloy suture anchors.展开更多
Promoting the development of deep-sea mineral exploration instrumentation can help alleviate the global resource shortage faced by mankind.X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometry has been widely used in the in situ analys...Promoting the development of deep-sea mineral exploration instrumentation can help alleviate the global resource shortage faced by mankind.X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometry has been widely used in the in situ analysis of deep-sea minerals owing to its fast analytical speed,nondestructive nature,and wide analytical range.This study focused on the structural safety and detection efficiency of X-ray fluorescence in situ measurement equipment under high pressure for deep-sea XRF analysis.This study first combined finite element analysis and experiments to design and optimize the structure of an X-ray probe tube required for deep-sea mineral exploration and to determine the Be window thickness to ensure stress safety.Subsequently,the Monte Carlo method was used to analyze and optimize the Be window thickness on the X-ray probe tube to improve the accuracy of the elemental analyses.Finally,the effect of seawater thickness between the transmitter outer tube and rock wall was also considered.The results show that based on ocean depth in different detection environments,Be windows with a thickness of 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm can be selected to improve the detection efficiency of the device while ensuring the structural safety of the instrument.According to the design features and detection requirements of the device,in deep-sea exploration of minerals with characteristic peak energies below 10 keV,the transmitter outer tube should be as close as possible to the rock wall inside the logging.When the characteristic peak energy of the minerals is more than 10 keV,the distance between the transmitter outer tube and rock wall inside the logging should be controlled to approximately 2 mm.This study provides feasible solutions for future deep-sea mineral resource development and a useful reference for elemental analysis of minerals in the deep-sea or other extreme working environments.展开更多
High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailo...High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.展开更多
Using SiC nanowires(SiCNWs)as the substrate,reflux-annealing and electrodeposition-carbonization were sequentially applied to integrate SiC nanowires with magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles and amorphous nitrogen-dope...Using SiC nanowires(SiCNWs)as the substrate,reflux-annealing and electrodeposition-carbonization were sequentially applied to integrate SiC nanowires with magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles and amorphous nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)for the fabrication of SiCNWs@Fe_(3)O_(4)@NC nanocomposite.Comprehensive testing and characterization of this product provided valuable insights into the im-pact of structural and composition changes on its electromagnetic wave absorption performances.The optimized SiCNWs@Fe_(3)O_(4)@NC nanocomposite,which has 30wt%filler content and a corresponding thickness of 2.03 mm,demonstrates exceptional performance with the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-53.69 dB at 11.04 GHz and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 4.4 GHz.The synergistic effects of the enhanced nanocomposite on electromagnetic wave absorption were thoroughly elucidated using the theories of multiple scattering,polarization relaxation,hysteresis loss,and eddy current loss.Furthermore,a multicomponent electromagnetic wave attenu-ation model was established,providing valuable insight into the design of novel absorbing materials and the enhancement of their absorp-tion performances.This research demonstrated the significant potential of the SiCNWs@Fe_(3)O_(4)@NC nanocomposite as a highly efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing material with potential applications in various fields,such as stealth technology and microwave absorption.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials ...Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials of SPEs due to its remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anodes(LMAs)and suitability for in-situ polymerization.However,poor thermal stability,insufficient ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)hinder its further application in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).To ameliorate these problems,we have successfully synthesized a polymerized-ionic-liquid(PIL)monomer named DIMTFSI by modifying DOL with imidazolium cation coupled with TFSI^(-)anion,which simultaneously inherits the lipophilicity of DOL,high ionic conductivity of imidazole,and excellent stability of PILs.Then the tridentate crosslinker trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridine)propionate](TTMAP)was introduced to regulate the excessive Li^(+)-O coordination and prepare a flame-retardant SPE(DT-SPE)with prominent thermal stability,wide ESW,high ionic conductivity and abundant Lit transference numbers(t_(Li+)).As a result,the LiFePO_(4)|DT-SPE|Li cell exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.60 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2C and 30℃with a capacity retention rate of 98.68%after 500 cycles.This work provides new insights into the structural design of PIL-based electrolytes for long-cycling LMBs with high safety and stability.展开更多
With the acceleration of the global aging process and the increase of cardiovascular ancerebrovascular diseases,more and more patients are paralyzed due to accidents,so theexoskeleton robot began to appear in people&#...With the acceleration of the global aging process and the increase of cardiovascular ancerebrovascular diseases,more and more patients are paralyzed due to accidents,so theexoskeleton robot began to appear in people's sight,and the lower limb exoskeleton robot withrehabilitation training is also favored by more and more people.In this paper,the structural designand analysis of the lower limb exoskeleton robot are carried out in view of the patients'expectation ofnormal walking.First,gait analysis and structural design of lower limb exoskeleton robot.Based onthe analysis of the walking gait of normal people,the freedom of the three key joints of the lower limbexoskeleton robot hip joint,knee joint and ankle joint is determined.at the same time,according tothe structuralcharacteristics of each joint,the three key joints are modeled respectively,and theoverall model assembly of the lower limb exoskeleton robot is completed.Secondly,the kinematicsanalysis of the lower limb exoskeleton robot was carried out to obtain the relationship between thelinear displacement,linear speed and acceleration of each joint,so as to ensure the coordination ofthe model with the human lower limb movement.Thirdly,the static analysis of typical gait of hipjoint,knee joint and ankle joint is carried out to verify the safety of the design model under thepremise of ensuring the structural strength requirements.Finally,the parts of the model were 3Dprinted,and the rationality of the design was further verified in the process of assembling the model.展开更多
According to the announcement of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,the risk of microbial items in frozen drinks is very high,and it is diffic...According to the announcement of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,the risk of microbial items in frozen drinks is very high,and it is difficult to improve.For example,a recent spot check showed that 42 kinds of frozen drinks had microbial indicators exceeding the standard.Part of the reason is that the design of the production workshop is not conducive to the rapid removal of production water,resulting in continuous moisture throughout the workshop,which provides a breeding bed for microorganisms to breed and then contaminates the product.Therefore,research is carried out from the design point of view to fundamentally reduce the moisture in the workshop and build a dry workshop for frozen drinks production,so as to effectively reduce the risk of microbial contamination of frozen drinks.展开更多
This paper introduces the key design aspects of automotive center console instrument systems,including hardware architecture,ergonomics,antenna layout,etc.It elaborates on the application and advantages of various adv...This paper introduces the key design aspects of automotive center console instrument systems,including hardware architecture,ergonomics,antenna layout,etc.It elaborates on the application and advantages of various advanced technologies,such as 3D printing and dual-color injection molding.Additionally,it discusses advancements in structural design,as well as future challenges and the trend of multidisciplinary collaborative innovation.展开更多
Coronaviruses are single-stranded,positive-sense RNA enveloped viruses that have posed a significant threat to human health over the past few decades,particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV...Coronaviruses are single-stranded,positive-sense RNA enveloped viruses that have posed a significant threat to human health over the past few decades,particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),and SARS-CoV-2.These viruses have caused widespread infections and fatalities,with profound impacts on global economies,social life,and public health systems.Due to their broad host range in natural settings and the consequent high potential for zoonotic spillover events,a thorough investigation of the common viral mechanisms and the identification of druggable targets for pan-coronavirus antiviral development are of utmost importance.展开更多
Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)alloys exhibit excellent biocompatibility,adequate mechanical properties,and osteogenic effect.They can contribute to complete recovery of damaged tissues without concerns about a second sur...Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)alloys exhibit excellent biocompatibility,adequate mechanical properties,and osteogenic effect.They can contribute to complete recovery of damaged tissues without concerns about a second surgery and have achieved clinical applications in orthopedic and cardiovascular fields.Porous scaffolds can provide functions such as bone integration and adjustable mechanical properties,thus widely used for bone repair.Additive manufacturing(AM)offers the advantages of design freedom and high precision,enabling the reliable production of porous scaffolds with customized structures.The combination of biodegradable Mg alloys,porous scaffolds,and AM processes has created tremendous opportunities for the precision treatment of bone defects.This article reviews the current development in the additive manufacturing process and design of Mg alloy biodegradable orthopedic implants,fo-cusing on chemical compositions,structural design,surface treatment,and their effects on mechanical properties,degradation behavior,and biocompatibility.Finally,the future perspective of porous Mg alloy biodegradable orthopedic implants is proposed.展开更多
文摘The structure of the road and bridge has a great impact on its stability, in the process of domestic transportation industry development, its stability is a very important factor, if the stability of the road is not good, will not only to the life of the highway bridge caused great negative effect, and is likely to cause structural damage of the road and bridge, causing serious safety risks. Therefore, this article through the structural optimization of road and bridge structure, from improving the stability of road and bridge discussion, and according to the current structural characteristics of road and bridges in different regions of China, formulate the corresponding safety measures, for the future designers for reference.
文摘Under the new historical conditions, Chinas urbanization process is accelerating, and the development speed of our country is also accelerating. As an important part of infrastructure, the construction quality of highway and bridge construction directly affects the economic development of a country and a whole. Due to the increasing number of vehicles, the life cycle of the road bridge cannot adapt to the current development needs. The engineering design work of highway and bridge is very complicated, not only the demand for engineering technology is very high, but also must have the characteristics of the system, in order to enhance the adaptability of the project, ensure the safety of the project, increase the cost of the project. Scientific and reasonable structural optimization is an effective way to improve the overall quality of highway and bridge.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203066,51973157,61904123)the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(18JCQNJC02900)+3 种基金the National innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students(202310058007)the Tianjin Municipal college students’innovation and entrepreneurship training program(202310058088)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(Grant No.2018KJ196)the State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University.
文摘Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage systems.The widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,etc.In various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li PSs.Thus many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned above.In this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are summarized.Meanwhile,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery performances.Lastly,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are generalized.We hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272150,22302177)Major Program of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LD22B030002)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Ten Thousand Talent Program(2021R51009)Public Technology Application Project of Jinhua City(2022-4-067)Self Designed Scientific Research of Zhejiang Normal University(2021ZS0604)。
文摘Biomass conversion offers an efficient approach to alleviate the energy and environmental issues.Electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)has attracted tremendous attention in the latest few years for the mild synthesis conditions and high conversion efficiency to obtain 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid(FDCA),but there still remain problems such as limited yield,short cycle life,and ambiguous reaction mechanism.Despite many reviews highlighting a variety of electrocatalysts for electrochemical oxidation of HMF,a detailed discussion of the structural modulation of catalyst and the underlying catalytic mechanism is still lacking.We herein provide a comprehensive summary of the recent development of electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA,particularly focusing on the mechanism studies as well as the advanced strategies developed to regulate the structure and optimize the performance of the electrocatalysts,including heterointerface construction,defect engineering,single-atom engineering,and in situ reconstruction.Experimental characterization techniques and theoretical calculation methods for mechanism and active site studies are elaborated,and challenges and future directions of electrochemical oxidation of HMF are also prospected.This review will provide guidance for designing advanced catalysts and deepening the understanding of the reaction mechanism beneath electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A0505040016 and 2023A0505050148)National Key Research and Development Project of China(2023YFB3809900/2023YFB3809902)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515010026)。
文摘Biodegradable metals have garnered considerable interest owing to their capacity for self-degradation following the repair of damaged tissues.This review commences with their historical development and clarifies the essential prerequisites for their successful clinical translation.Subsequently,a detailed review of magnesium-based materials is presented from five critical areas of alloying,fabrication techniques,purification,surface modification,and structural design,systematically addressing their progress in biodegradation rate retardation,mechanical reinforcement,and biocompatibility enhancement.Furthermore,recent breakthroughs in vivo animal experiments and clinical translation of magnesium alloys are summarized.Finally,this review concludes with a critical assessment of the achievements and challenges encountered in the clinical application of these materials,and proposes practical strategies to address current limitations and guide future research perspectives.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFE0197100, 2023YFB4603500)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (KQTD20190929172505711)+1 种基金supported by MOE SUTD Kickstarter initiative (SKI2021_02_16)Singapore Ministry of Education academic research grant Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP50121-0007).
文摘Organohydrogel-based strain sensors are gaining attention for real-time health services and human-machine interactions due to their flexibility,stretchability,and skin-like compliance.However,these sensors often have limited sensitivity and poor stability due to their bulk structure and strain concentration during stretching.In this study,we designed and fabricated diamond-,grid-,and peanut-shaped organohydrogel based on positive,near-zero,and negative Poisson’s ratios using digital light processing(DLP)-based 3D printing technology.Through structural design and optimization,the grid-shaped organohydrogel exhibited record sensitivity with gauge factors of 4.5(0–200%strain,ionic mode)and 13.5/1.5×10^(6)(0-2%/2%-100%strain,electronic mode),alongside full resistance recovery for enhanced stability.The 3D-printed grid structure enabled direct wearability and breathability,overcoming traditional sensor limitations.Integrated with a robotic hand system,this sensor demonstrated clinical potential through precise monitoring of paralyzed patients’grasping movements(with a minimum monitoring angle of 5°).This structural design paradigm advanced flexible electronics by synergizing high sensitivity,stability,wearability,and breathability for healthcare,and human-machine interfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(22105059,22179078,22479115)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Special Project(B2024204027)+5 种基金the Youth Top-notch Talent Foundation of Hebei Provincial Universities(BJK2022023)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2023204006)the talent training project of Hebei province(No.B20231004)the Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in ShanghaiZhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY24E020002)Wenzhou basic scientific research project(G20240022)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation large-scale energy storage systems due to the abundance of sodium resources,low solvation energy,and cost-effectiveness.Among the available cathode materials,vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathodes are particularly notable for their high operating voltage,excellent thermal stability,and superior cycling performance.However,these materials face significant challenges,including sluggish reaction kinetics,the toxicity of vanadium,and poor electronic conductivity.To overcome these limitations and enhance electrochemical performance,various strategies have been explored.These include morphology regulation via diverse synthesis routes and electronic structure optimization through metal doping,which effectively improve the diffusion of Na+and electrons in vanadium-based phosphate cathodes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges associated with V-based polyanion cathodes and examines the role of morphology and electronic structure design in enhancing performance.Key vanadium-based phosphate frameworks,such as orthophosphates(Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)),pyrophosphates(NaVP_(2)O_(7),Na_(2)(VO)P_(2)O_(7),Na_(7)V_(3)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)),and mixed phosphates(Na_(7)V_(4)(P_(2)O_(7))_(4)PO_(4)),are discussed in detail,highlighting recent advances and insights into their structure-property relationships.The design of cathode material morphology offers an effective approach to optimizing material structures,compositions,porosity,and ion/electron diffusion pathways.Simultaneously,electronic structure tuning through element doping allows for the regulation of band structures,electron distribution,diffusion barriers,and the intrinsic conductivity of phosphate compounds.Addressing the challenges associated with vanadium-based sodium phosphate cathode materials,this study proposes feasible solutions and outlines future research directions toward advancement of high-performance vanadium-based polyanion cathodes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52405001,52175001,62373010,82472537)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M760166)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20230186)Shenzhen Municipal Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission(Grant No.SGDX20220530111005036)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.3222002,3232004,L222061).
文摘Long-bone fractures are common complaints in orthopedic surgery.In recent years,significant progress has been made in robot-assisted fracture-reduction techniques.As a key medical device for diverse fracture morphologies and sites,the design of the reduction robot has a profound impact on the reduction outcomes.However,existing reduction robots have practical limitations and cannot simultaneously satisfy clinical requirements in terms of workspace,force/torque,and structural stiffness.To overcome these problems,we first analyze the potential placement areas and performance requirements of reduction robots according to clinical application scenarios.Subsequently,a 3UPS/S-3P hybrid configuration with decoupled rotational and translational degrees of freedom(DOFs)is proposed,and a kinematic model is derived to achieve the motion characteristics of the remote center of motion(RCM).Furthermore,the structural design of a hybrid reduction robot with an integrated distal clamp and proximal fixator was completed,and a mechanical prototype was constructed.The results of the performance evaluations and static analysis demonstrate that the proposed reduction robot has acceptable workspace,force,and torque performance and excellent structural stiffness.Two clinical case simulations further demonstrated the clinical feasibility of the robot.Finally,preliminary experiments on bone models demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the proposed reduction robot in lower-limb fracture reduction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209057)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A04J0839)。
文摘Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of potassium ions,most conventional anode materials undergo severe volume expansion,making it difficult to achieve stable and reversible energy storage.Therefore,developing high-performance anode materials is one of the critical factors in developing PIBs.In this sense,antimony(Sb)-based anode materials with high theoretical capacity and safe reaction potentials have a broad potential for application in PIBs.However,overcoming the rapid capacity decay induced by the large radius of potassium ions is still an issue that needs to be focused on.This paper reviews the latest research on different types of Sb-based anode materials and provides an in-depth analysis of their optimization strategies.We focus on material selection,structural design,and storage mechanisms to develop a detailed description of the material.In addition,the current challenges still faced by Sb-based anode materials are summarized,and some further optimization strategies have been added.We hope to provide some insights for researchers developing Sb-based anode materials for next-generation advanced PIBs.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12102244)the Open Fund of Hubei Longzhong Laboratory(No.2022KF-12)supported by the Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology at Tsinghua University.
文摘The development of wearable electronics necessitates flexible and robust energy storage components to enhance comfort and battery longevity.The key to flexible batteries is improving electrochemical stability during deformation,which demands mechanical analysis for optimized design and manufacturing.This paper summarizes the progress of flexible batteries from a mechanical perspective,highlighting highly deformable structures such as fiber,wave,origami,and rigid-supple integrated designs.We discuss mechanical performance characterization and existing evaluation criteria for battery flexibility,along with simulation modeling and testing methods.Furthermore,we analyze mechano-electrochemical coupling,reviewing theoretical models that simulate mechanical and electrochemical behavior under various loads and introduce coupling tests that assess electrochemical performance during deformation.Finally,we suggest future research directions to advance flexible energy storage devices.
基金supported by Capital Health Development Research Special Project(2022-2-5051)DongGuan Innovative Research Team Program.Basic applied research program of Liaoning Province of China(No.2022020347-JH2/1013)。
文摘Regarding the current materials used for suture anchors for rotator cuff repair,there are still limitations in terms of degradability,mechanical properties,and bioactivities in clinical applications.Magnesium alloys have preliminarily been shown to promote tendon-bone healing with good prospects for application as anchor materials.However,the design of anchor structures for the degradation characteristics of magnesium alloy materials has not been considered,which is critical for the practical application of magnesium alloy anchors.The mechanism by which magnesium promotes tendon bone healing remains to be clarified.Here,we proposed a novel split hollowed magnesium alloy suture anchors for the repair of rabbit rotator cuff injury.We found that novel split hollowed magnesium alloy anchors structure effectively solved the problem of failure due to degradation of traditional eyelet structure,providing reliable suture fixation.The open architecture facilitates the metabolic resorption of the degradation products of and promotes the ingrowth of bone tissue.Histological staining showed that magnesium anchors have better ability to promote regeneration at the fibrocartilage interface compared to PLLA anchors.The higher expression of fibrocartilage markers(Aggrecan,COL2A1,and Sox9)at the tendon-bone interface in magnesium anchors,which promotes chondrocyte differentiation at the tendon-bone interface and matrix formation,which is more conducive to achieving regeneration and maturation of fibrocartilage enthesis.Hence,this study provides a basis for further research on the clinical application of degradable magnesium alloy suture anchors.
基金supported by the National Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Projects(No.42127807)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12105030)。
文摘Promoting the development of deep-sea mineral exploration instrumentation can help alleviate the global resource shortage faced by mankind.X-ray fluorescence(XRF)spectrometry has been widely used in the in situ analysis of deep-sea minerals owing to its fast analytical speed,nondestructive nature,and wide analytical range.This study focused on the structural safety and detection efficiency of X-ray fluorescence in situ measurement equipment under high pressure for deep-sea XRF analysis.This study first combined finite element analysis and experiments to design and optimize the structure of an X-ray probe tube required for deep-sea mineral exploration and to determine the Be window thickness to ensure stress safety.Subsequently,the Monte Carlo method was used to analyze and optimize the Be window thickness on the X-ray probe tube to improve the accuracy of the elemental analyses.Finally,the effect of seawater thickness between the transmitter outer tube and rock wall was also considered.The results show that based on ocean depth in different detection environments,Be windows with a thickness of 1.5 mm or 2.0 mm can be selected to improve the detection efficiency of the device while ensuring the structural safety of the instrument.According to the design features and detection requirements of the device,in deep-sea exploration of minerals with characteristic peak energies below 10 keV,the transmitter outer tube should be as close as possible to the rock wall inside the logging.When the characteristic peak energy of the minerals is more than 10 keV,the distance between the transmitter outer tube and rock wall inside the logging should be controlled to approximately 2 mm.This study provides feasible solutions for future deep-sea mineral resource development and a useful reference for elemental analysis of minerals in the deep-sea or other extreme working environments.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2022A1515140061,No.11000-2344014)Startup Foundation for Postdoctor by Dongguan University of Technology(No.11000-221110149)the High-level Talents Program(contract number 2023JC10L014)of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 52072196, 52002200, 52102106,52202262, 22379081, and 22379080)Major Basic Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No. ZR2020ZD09)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(Nos. ZR2020QE063, ZR2022ME090, and ZR2023QE059)supported by the Visiting Scholar Fellowship Funding for Teachers in Shandong Province’s General Undergraduate Institutionsthe Visiting Research Fund for Teachers of Ordinary Undergraduate Universities of Shand ong Province
文摘Using SiC nanowires(SiCNWs)as the substrate,reflux-annealing and electrodeposition-carbonization were sequentially applied to integrate SiC nanowires with magnetic Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles and amorphous nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)for the fabrication of SiCNWs@Fe_(3)O_(4)@NC nanocomposite.Comprehensive testing and characterization of this product provided valuable insights into the im-pact of structural and composition changes on its electromagnetic wave absorption performances.The optimized SiCNWs@Fe_(3)O_(4)@NC nanocomposite,which has 30wt%filler content and a corresponding thickness of 2.03 mm,demonstrates exceptional performance with the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-53.69 dB at 11.04 GHz and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 4.4 GHz.The synergistic effects of the enhanced nanocomposite on electromagnetic wave absorption were thoroughly elucidated using the theories of multiple scattering,polarization relaxation,hysteresis loss,and eddy current loss.Furthermore,a multicomponent electromagnetic wave attenu-ation model was established,providing valuable insight into the design of novel absorbing materials and the enhancement of their absorp-tion performances.This research demonstrated the significant potential of the SiCNWs@Fe_(3)O_(4)@NC nanocomposite as a highly efficient electromagnetic wave-absorbing material with potential applications in various fields,such as stealth technology and microwave absorption.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0207300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22179142 and 22075314)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB051 and 2023ZB836)the technical support for Nano-X from Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SINANO).
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have attracted much attention for their safety,ease of packaging,costeffectiveness,excellent flexibility and stability.Poly-dioxolane(PDOL)is one of the most promising matrix materials of SPEs due to its remarkable compatibility with lithium metal anodes(LMAs)and suitability for in-situ polymerization.However,poor thermal stability,insufficient ionic conductivity and narrow electrochemical stability window(ESW)hinder its further application in lithium metal batteries(LMBs).To ameliorate these problems,we have successfully synthesized a polymerized-ionic-liquid(PIL)monomer named DIMTFSI by modifying DOL with imidazolium cation coupled with TFSI^(-)anion,which simultaneously inherits the lipophilicity of DOL,high ionic conductivity of imidazole,and excellent stability of PILs.Then the tridentate crosslinker trimethylolpropane tris[3-(2-methyl-1-aziridine)propionate](TTMAP)was introduced to regulate the excessive Li^(+)-O coordination and prepare a flame-retardant SPE(DT-SPE)with prominent thermal stability,wide ESW,high ionic conductivity and abundant Lit transference numbers(t_(Li+)).As a result,the LiFePO_(4)|DT-SPE|Li cell exhibits a high initial discharge specific capacity of 149.60 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2C and 30℃with a capacity retention rate of 98.68%after 500 cycles.This work provides new insights into the structural design of PIL-based electrolytes for long-cycling LMBs with high safety and stability.
基金College Student Innovation andEntrepreneurship Project(Grant No.:S202414435026)ingkou Institute of Technology campus level research project——Development of food additive supercritical extraction equipment and fluid transmission systemresearch(Grant No.HX202427).
文摘With the acceleration of the global aging process and the increase of cardiovascular ancerebrovascular diseases,more and more patients are paralyzed due to accidents,so theexoskeleton robot began to appear in people's sight,and the lower limb exoskeleton robot withrehabilitation training is also favored by more and more people.In this paper,the structural designand analysis of the lower limb exoskeleton robot are carried out in view of the patients'expectation ofnormal walking.First,gait analysis and structural design of lower limb exoskeleton robot.Based onthe analysis of the walking gait of normal people,the freedom of the three key joints of the lower limbexoskeleton robot hip joint,knee joint and ankle joint is determined.at the same time,according tothe structuralcharacteristics of each joint,the three key joints are modeled respectively,and theoverall model assembly of the lower limb exoskeleton robot is completed.Secondly,the kinematicsanalysis of the lower limb exoskeleton robot was carried out to obtain the relationship between thelinear displacement,linear speed and acceleration of each joint,so as to ensure the coordination ofthe model with the human lower limb movement.Thirdly,the static analysis of typical gait of hipjoint,knee joint and ankle joint is carried out to verify the safety of the design model under thepremise of ensuring the structural strength requirements.Finally,the parts of the model were 3Dprinted,and the rationality of the design was further verified in the process of assembling the model.
文摘According to the announcement of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China,the risk of microbial items in frozen drinks is very high,and it is difficult to improve.For example,a recent spot check showed that 42 kinds of frozen drinks had microbial indicators exceeding the standard.Part of the reason is that the design of the production workshop is not conducive to the rapid removal of production water,resulting in continuous moisture throughout the workshop,which provides a breeding bed for microorganisms to breed and then contaminates the product.Therefore,research is carried out from the design point of view to fundamentally reduce the moisture in the workshop and build a dry workshop for frozen drinks production,so as to effectively reduce the risk of microbial contamination of frozen drinks.
文摘This paper introduces the key design aspects of automotive center console instrument systems,including hardware architecture,ergonomics,antenna layout,etc.It elaborates on the application and advantages of various advanced technologies,such as 3D printing and dual-color injection molding.Additionally,it discusses advancements in structural design,as well as future challenges and the trend of multidisciplinary collaborative innovation.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Nos.2023YFC2606500,2023YFE0206500).
文摘Coronaviruses are single-stranded,positive-sense RNA enveloped viruses that have posed a significant threat to human health over the past few decades,particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),and SARS-CoV-2.These viruses have caused widespread infections and fatalities,with profound impacts on global economies,social life,and public health systems.Due to their broad host range in natural settings and the consequent high potential for zoonotic spillover events,a thorough investigation of the common viral mechanisms and the identification of druggable targets for pan-coronavirus antiviral development are of utmost importance.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(2018YFE0104200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175274,82172065,and 51875310)+1 种基金the Tsinghua-Toyota Joint Research Fund,the Tsinghua Precision Medicine Foundationthe Cross-Strait Tsinghua Research Insti-tute Fund.
文摘Biodegradable magnesium(Mg)alloys exhibit excellent biocompatibility,adequate mechanical properties,and osteogenic effect.They can contribute to complete recovery of damaged tissues without concerns about a second surgery and have achieved clinical applications in orthopedic and cardiovascular fields.Porous scaffolds can provide functions such as bone integration and adjustable mechanical properties,thus widely used for bone repair.Additive manufacturing(AM)offers the advantages of design freedom and high precision,enabling the reliable production of porous scaffolds with customized structures.The combination of biodegradable Mg alloys,porous scaffolds,and AM processes has created tremendous opportunities for the precision treatment of bone defects.This article reviews the current development in the additive manufacturing process and design of Mg alloy biodegradable orthopedic implants,fo-cusing on chemical compositions,structural design,surface treatment,and their effects on mechanical properties,degradation behavior,and biocompatibility.Finally,the future perspective of porous Mg alloy biodegradable orthopedic implants is proposed.
