As the major primary energy importer in the world,China has engaged in considerable efforts to ensure energy security.However,little attention has been paid to China’s embodied primary energy exports.Separating the i...As the major primary energy importer in the world,China has engaged in considerable efforts to ensure energy security.However,little attention has been paid to China’s embodied primary energy exports.Separating the international export from regional final demand,this paper focuses on quantifying provincial primary energy requirement arising from China’s exports,and tracing its concrete interprovincial supply chains using multi-regional input-output analysis and structural path analysis.Results show that China’s embodied primary energy uses in exports(EEE)reached 633.01 Mtce in 2012,compared to 565.15 Mtce in 2007.Four fifths of the EEE were supplied through interprovincial trade.Eastern coastal provinces accounted for nearly 70%of the national total EEE,while their primary energy supply mainly sourced from the central and western provinces.Most interprovincial supply chain paths of embodied primary energy exports were traced to the coal mining sectors of Shanxi,Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi.Critical receiving sectors in the final export provinces were Chemical industry,Metallurgy,Electronic equipment,Textile and other manufacturing sectors.Important transmission sectors were Electricity and hot water production and supply and Petroleum refining,coking,etc.In view of the specific role of exports in primary energy requirements,provincial energy uses are largely dependent on its domestic trade position and degrees of industrial participation in the global economy.Managing critical industrial sectors and supply chain paths associated with the international exports provide new insights to ensure China’s energy security and to formulate targeted energy policies.展开更多
Synergistic reduction of carbon emissions and air pollution is the core means to address the two major strategic tasks of fundamentally improving the ecological environment and the‘Dual-carbon target’.The issue of s...Synergistic reduction of carbon emissions and air pollution is the core means to address the two major strategic tasks of fundamentally improving the ecological environment and the‘Dual-carbon target’.The issue of synergistic reduction at the provincial level needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency.Taking Henan Province,the largest economy in central China,as an example,this study uses environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural path analysis to identify the key sectors that contribute to CO_(2),SO_(2),and total particulate matter(TPM)emissions,and to sort out key emission pathways(e.g.,Final Demand→Sector…).The results indicate that S2(Mining of Fossil Energy),S10(Nonmetal Mineral Products),S11(Metal Smelting),S13(Power and Heat)and S17(Transportation)are mainly responsible for CO_(2),SO_(2),and TPM direct emissions on the production side,while S16(Construction),S12(Equipment)and S18(Services)account for more than 45%of CO_(2),SO_(2),and TPM embodied emissions on the consumption side.32 shared emission pathways are extracted from the top 100 pathways for CO_(2),SO_(2),and TPM emissions,which account for 27%-51%of total emissions in Henan Province.P9(Export→Nonmetal Mineral Products),P10(Export→Metal Smelting)and P21(Gross Capital Formation→Construction→Nonmetal Mineral Products)are the leading paths responsible for embodied emissions.The research results provide the foundation and guidance for well-designed mitigation policies,as well as a reference for better synergistic control in provinces facing similar situations.展开更多
This paper studies correlations between the spatial structure character of thermal forcing and deformation and the amplitude of rays of meridional wave train. It is shown that if thermal forcing appears a meridional l...This paper studies correlations between the spatial structure character of thermal forcing and deformation and the amplitude of rays of meridional wave train. It is shown that if thermal forcing appears a meridional linear variation the rays of quasi-stationary planetary wave may propagate along oblique lines and if the meridional variability of heat source has second order term the rays show distinct deformation as a great circular route. Additionally, the inhomogeneous distribution may cause lower frequency oscillations in mid- and low-latitudes. The combination of zonal and meridional wave numbers and distributive character of heat source may form an inverse mechanism of variational trend of generized wave energy, reflecting in some degree the physical process of transition between meridional and zonal flow patterns.展开更多
This paper first demonstrates that the accuracy and efficiency of the method of numerical simulation often used is not very high in predicting the slow drift surge extreme responses of a compliant offshore structure. ...This paper first demonstrates that the accuracy and efficiency of the method of numerical simulation often used is not very high in predicting the slow drift surge extreme responses of a compliant offshore structure. Next, the slow drift surge extreme responses of the structure are analyzed via the path integral solution racy and efficiency of the PIS （PIS） method, and the accumethod is found to be higher than those of the numerical simulation method. A compound PIS （CPIS） method is first proposed in this article to further improve the efficiency of the path integral solution method, and the accuracy and efficiency of the CPIS method is validated.展开更多
Virtual water trade plays a pivotal role in alleviating water scarcity in rapidly urbanizing drylands,and accurately assessing the spillover of local water scarcity pressure to other regions through such trade is esse...Virtual water trade plays a pivotal role in alleviating water scarcity in rapidly urbanizing drylands,and accurately assessing the spillover of local water scarcity pressure to other regions through such trade is essential for sustainable development in these areas.However,systematic research on the spillover of water scarcity risks through virtual water trade and its transmission pathways in arid and semi-arid regions remains relatively limited.Taking the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin(HBOY)urban agglomeration as an example,this study integrated the multi-regional input-output model and structural path analysis to assess the spillover of water scarcity risk through virtual water trade and trace key transmission paths.We found that over 90%of HBOY’s water scarcity risk was transferred to regions experiencing severe or extreme water stress.Spatially,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were the primary recipients,absorbing 37.2%and 14.5%of HBOY’s total spillover of water scarcity risk,respectively.Sectorally,62.0%of the risk spillover originated from HBOY’s agriculture,light industry,and construction sectors and was passed to the agricultural sector in external regions.The most important risk transmission path was from HBOY’s agriculture to Inner Mongolia’s agriculture,accounting for 18.3%of HBOY’s total risk spillover.Additionally,potential loss due to insufficient external virtual water supply constituted nearly one-third of HBOY’s total economic loss from water scarcity.We recommend that rapidly urbanizing drylands and their trade partners should actively develop a cross-regional collaborative management system to mitigate the adverse effects of risk spillover.展开更多
基金This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71774161 and 71804194)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,No.2722019JCT006).
文摘As the major primary energy importer in the world,China has engaged in considerable efforts to ensure energy security.However,little attention has been paid to China’s embodied primary energy exports.Separating the international export from regional final demand,this paper focuses on quantifying provincial primary energy requirement arising from China’s exports,and tracing its concrete interprovincial supply chains using multi-regional input-output analysis and structural path analysis.Results show that China’s embodied primary energy uses in exports(EEE)reached 633.01 Mtce in 2012,compared to 565.15 Mtce in 2007.Four fifths of the EEE were supplied through interprovincial trade.Eastern coastal provinces accounted for nearly 70%of the national total EEE,while their primary energy supply mainly sourced from the central and western provinces.Most interprovincial supply chain paths of embodied primary energy exports were traced to the coal mining sectors of Shanxi,Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi.Critical receiving sectors in the final export provinces were Chemical industry,Metallurgy,Electronic equipment,Textile and other manufacturing sectors.Important transmission sectors were Electricity and hot water production and supply and Petroleum refining,coking,etc.In view of the specific role of exports in primary energy requirements,provincial energy uses are largely dependent on its domestic trade position and degrees of industrial participation in the global economy.Managing critical industrial sectors and supply chain paths associated with the international exports provide new insights to ensure China’s energy security and to formulate targeted energy policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42001246)the Energy Foundation(No.G-2209-34120).
文摘Synergistic reduction of carbon emissions and air pollution is the core means to address the two major strategic tasks of fundamentally improving the ecological environment and the‘Dual-carbon target’.The issue of synergistic reduction at the provincial level needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency.Taking Henan Province,the largest economy in central China,as an example,this study uses environmentally extended input-output analysis and structural path analysis to identify the key sectors that contribute to CO_(2),SO_(2),and total particulate matter(TPM)emissions,and to sort out key emission pathways(e.g.,Final Demand→Sector…).The results indicate that S2(Mining of Fossil Energy),S10(Nonmetal Mineral Products),S11(Metal Smelting),S13(Power and Heat)and S17(Transportation)are mainly responsible for CO_(2),SO_(2),and TPM direct emissions on the production side,while S16(Construction),S12(Equipment)and S18(Services)account for more than 45%of CO_(2),SO_(2),and TPM embodied emissions on the consumption side.32 shared emission pathways are extracted from the top 100 pathways for CO_(2),SO_(2),and TPM emissions,which account for 27%-51%of total emissions in Henan Province.P9(Export→Nonmetal Mineral Products),P10(Export→Metal Smelting)and P21(Gross Capital Formation→Construction→Nonmetal Mineral Products)are the leading paths responsible for embodied emissions.The research results provide the foundation and guidance for well-designed mitigation policies,as well as a reference for better synergistic control in provinces facing similar situations.
文摘This paper studies correlations between the spatial structure character of thermal forcing and deformation and the amplitude of rays of meridional wave train. It is shown that if thermal forcing appears a meridional linear variation the rays of quasi-stationary planetary wave may propagate along oblique lines and if the meridional variability of heat source has second order term the rays show distinct deformation as a great circular route. Additionally, the inhomogeneous distribution may cause lower frequency oscillations in mid- and low-latitudes. The combination of zonal and meridional wave numbers and distributive character of heat source may form an inverse mechanism of variational trend of generized wave energy, reflecting in some degree the physical process of transition between meridional and zonal flow patterns.
文摘This paper first demonstrates that the accuracy and efficiency of the method of numerical simulation often used is not very high in predicting the slow drift surge extreme responses of a compliant offshore structure. Next, the slow drift surge extreme responses of the structure are analyzed via the path integral solution racy and efficiency of the PIS （PIS） method, and the accumethod is found to be higher than those of the numerical simulation method. A compound PIS （CPIS） method is first proposed in this article to further improve the efficiency of the path integral solution method, and the accuracy and efficiency of the CPIS method is validated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.42371296 and 42361144859)BNU-FGS Global Environmental Change Program(grant No.2023-GC-ZYTS-08)。
文摘Virtual water trade plays a pivotal role in alleviating water scarcity in rapidly urbanizing drylands,and accurately assessing the spillover of local water scarcity pressure to other regions through such trade is essential for sustainable development in these areas.However,systematic research on the spillover of water scarcity risks through virtual water trade and its transmission pathways in arid and semi-arid regions remains relatively limited.Taking the Hohhot-Baotou-Ordos-Yulin(HBOY)urban agglomeration as an example,this study integrated the multi-regional input-output model and structural path analysis to assess the spillover of water scarcity risk through virtual water trade and trace key transmission paths.We found that over 90%of HBOY’s water scarcity risk was transferred to regions experiencing severe or extreme water stress.Spatially,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were the primary recipients,absorbing 37.2%and 14.5%of HBOY’s total spillover of water scarcity risk,respectively.Sectorally,62.0%of the risk spillover originated from HBOY’s agriculture,light industry,and construction sectors and was passed to the agricultural sector in external regions.The most important risk transmission path was from HBOY’s agriculture to Inner Mongolia’s agriculture,accounting for 18.3%of HBOY’s total risk spillover.Additionally,potential loss due to insufficient external virtual water supply constituted nearly one-third of HBOY’s total economic loss from water scarcity.We recommend that rapidly urbanizing drylands and their trade partners should actively develop a cross-regional collaborative management system to mitigate the adverse effects of risk spillover.
