Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresp...Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresponsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue.To delve into passengers’choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demandresponsive service in high-speed railways,the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers.Based on the survey data obtained in China,the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects:personal socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics,and travel mode choice.Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate,the risk attributes are considered.To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains,personalized service product attributes are added.Mixed Logit mode,which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers,is developed,and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters.The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined.The results indicate that early arrival deviation time,late arrival deviation time,demand response time,and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’decision regarding demand-responsive train,with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice.Moreover,the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario,while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario.Through the Willingness To Pay(WTP)analysis,it is discovered that by shortening demand response time,enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase,and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains,the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented.This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.展开更多
In this paper,we introduce the combining stated preference and revealed preference methods which is the state-ofthe-art method for the valuation of non-market goods.Revealed preference methods and stated preference (S...In this paper,we introduce the combining stated preference and revealed preference methods which is the state-ofthe-art method for the valuation of non-market goods.Revealed preference methods and stated preference (SP) methods have both been applied by economists in valuing non-market goods;however both methods have inherent weaknesses.In order to exploit the strengths of the various approaches while minimizing their weaknesses,combining the two methods has become an important methodological option.Up to now,a growing number of literatures of studying combing the two types of data have evolved,and researchers developed three types of models to estimate combining revealed preference and stated preference data in academic fields:discrete choice model,continuous choice model and mixed choice model.Combining stated and revealed preference methods have been developed fast especially in the transport study field in which ideas could also be leant for environmental economic studies.展开更多
In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular inde...In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular index 1 DAEs are obtained by a regularization method. We study the behavior of the solution of the regularization system via asymptotic expansions. The error analysis between the solutions of the DAEs and its regularization system is given.展开更多
On July 2,2002, Bureau of International Exhibition’s (BIE) 131st General Assemblywas convened in Paris. The assembly examined the investigation report by BIE InvestigationDelegation for those application countries. V...On July 2,2002, Bureau of International Exhibition’s (BIE) 131st General Assemblywas convened in Paris. The assembly examined the investigation report by BIE InvestigationDelegation for those application countries. Various application countries stated reportsrespectively.The Chinese Government Delegation headed by State Councilor Wu Yi attended the assembly, and stated report on China’s Shanghai making application to hold 2010 World Fair.展开更多
To decide about irvestments in appropriate seismic vulnerability reduction and resilience enhancement mea-sures,policymakers need to acquire adequate insight into the value of a statistical life(VSL).The VSL measures ...To decide about irvestments in appropriate seismic vulnerability reduction and resilience enhancement mea-sures,policymakers need to acquire adequate insight into the value of a statistical life(VSL).The VSL measures the monetary value the public assigns to reducing mortality due to a specific risk(e.g-.dying from an earthquake)over a given period.In the absence of appropriate models to estimate the context-specific VSL for a given community,past studies have resorted to approaches such as using the VSL estimated for other purposes(e.g.,transportation and environmental safety)or other countries(e.g,the US).This can lead to under-or over-estimation of VSL,misappropriation of the funds for seismic vulnerability reduction programs,and adverse economic,political,and social consequences.This study proposes a methodology that follows the stated pref-erence binary choice approach to estimate the willingness to pay(WTP)to reduce the risk of earthquake-induced mortalities.The proposed method,which is applied to quantify VSL in Iran,involves using a questionnaire to collect the needed information about people's choices when investing in various risk reduction measures.It uses a test containing positivity and proportionality components to check the responses'consistency.Regression modeling is used to estimate the respondents'WTP and VSL.展开更多
The conventional traffic demand forecasting methods based on revealed preference （RP） data are not able to predict the modal split. Passengers＇ stated intentions are indispensable for modal split forecasting and ev...The conventional traffic demand forecasting methods based on revealed preference （RP） data are not able to predict the modal split. Passengers＇ stated intentions are indispensable for modal split forecasting and evaluation of new traffic modes. This paper analyzed the biases and errors included in stated preference data, put forward the new stochastic utility functions, and proposed an unbiased disaggregate model and its approximate model based on the combination of RP and stated preference （SP） data, with analysis of the parameter estimation algorithm. The model was also used to forecast rail transit passenger volumes to the Beijing Capital International Airport and the shift ratios from current traffic modes to rail transit. Experimental results show that the model can greatly increase forecasting accuracy of the modal split ratio of current traffic modes and can accurately forecast the shift ratios from current modes to the new mode.展开更多
Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Method...Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.展开更多
Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupli...Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupling,and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer theoretically predicted to host an intrinsic magnetism as experimentally suggested.In this work,we successfully constructed a vertical heterostructure composed of the two-dimensional Bi(110)monolayer and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)measurements revealed that the growth of Bi preferably occurs along the step edges of the VTe_(2)monolayer,forming a Bi(110)monolayer on top of the VTe_(2)monolayer next to a peripheral Bi bilayer.The Bi(100)/VTe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a specific lattice registry with a well-defined moiréperiodicity.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)measurements further unveiled an universal suppression in the local density-of-states at the boundary of the Bi(110)/VTe_(2)bilayer.By examining the atomic structures of Bi(110)boundaries,we found this effect does not originate from the previously proposed atomic reconstruction at the step edge of Bi(110),but is likely related to the magnetic properties of the VTe_(2)monolayer.展开更多
Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging.Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling.However,general and v...Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging.Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling.However,general and viable quantum algorithms for simulating large-scale materials are still limited.We propose and implement random-state quantum algorithms to calculate electronic-structure properties of real materials.Using a random state circuit on a small number of qubits,we employ real-time evolution with first-order Trotter decomposition and Hadamard test to obtain electronic density of states,and we develop a modified quantum phase estimation algorithm to calculate real-space local density of states via direct quantum measurements.Furthermore,we validate these algorithms by numerically computing the density of states and spatial distributions of electronic states in graphene,twisted bilayer graphene quasicrystals,and fractal lattices,covering system sizes from hundreds to thousands of atoms.Our results manifest that the random-state quantum algorithms provide a general and qubit-efficient route to scalable simulations of electronic properties in large-scale periodic and aperiodic materials.展开更多
In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete bounda...In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete boundary unit cells(i.e.,boundary defects)even though the bulk polarization is zero,which challenges the conventional understanding of HOTIs.Here,based on a Kekul´e-distorted honeycomb lattice with incomplete unit cells,we reveal that incomplete unit cells exhibit fractional charges through the analysis of Wannier centers by developing a compensation method and creating the concept of Wannier center domain(WCD)which is the smallest region that one Wannier center occupies.This method compensates for the missing parts of these boundary incomplete unit cells with additional WCDs to make them complete.The compensated WCDs automatically carry the corresponding charge,and this charge together with that of the incomplete unit cell constitutes the total charge of the complete unit cell after compensation.We conclude that the emergence of corner states is attributed to the filling anomaly,which is a fundamental mechanism.Our results refresh the understanding of HOTIs,especially those with structural discontinuities,and provide a novel design for topological states which have application value in producing optical functional devices.展开更多
Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechani...Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechanism underlying the synergistic reaction remains a critical issue.This study introduces a photothermal synergistic system for the removal of ethyl acetate(EA)by synthesizing Cu-doped OMS-2(denoted as Cu-OMS-2).Under ultraviolet-visible(UV–Vis)irradiation in a flow system,the Cu-OMS-2 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the EA degradation process,nearly doubling the effectiveness of pure OMS-2,and increasing carbon dioxide yield by 20%.This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased oxygen vacancies(OV)at OMS-2 active sites and Cu doping,as confirmed by H2-TPR,O_(2)-TPD,and CO consump-tion measurements.This study clarifies the catalytic mechanism of light-assisted thermocatalysis and offers a novel strategy for designing photothermal catalysts with homogeneous Cu-doped nanorods for VOC removal.展开更多
Automated classification of gas flow states in blast furnaces using top-camera imagery typically demands a large volume of labeled data,whose manual annotation is both labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive.To mitigate ...Automated classification of gas flow states in blast furnaces using top-camera imagery typically demands a large volume of labeled data,whose manual annotation is both labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive.To mitigate this challenge,we present an enhanced semi-supervised learning approach based on the Mean Teacher framework,incorporating a novel feature loss module to maximize classification performance with limited labeled samples.The model studies show that the proposed model surpasses both the baseline Mean Teacher model and fully supervised method in accuracy.Specifically,for datasets with 20%,30%,and 40%label ratios,using a single training iteration,the model yields accuracies of 78.61%,82.21%,and 85.2%,respectively,while multiple-cycle training iterations achieves 82.09%,81.97%,and 81.59%,respectively.Furthermore,scenario-specific training schemes are introduced to support diverse deployment need.These findings highlight the potential of the proposed technique in minimizing labeling requirements and advancing intelligent blast furnace diagnostics.展开更多
Stem cell proliferation is tightly regulated in developing and adult tissues through the coordinated action of cell-intrinsic and extracellular signals.Although many extracellular cues were identified,the cell-intrins...Stem cell proliferation is tightly regulated in developing and adult tissues through the coordinated action of cell-intrinsic and extracellular signals.Although many extracellular cues were identified,the cell-intrinsic mechanisms underlying the decision of a stem cell to proliferate,enter a dormant quiescent state or differentiate into a specific cell type remains incompletely understood.展开更多
BACKGROUND The prevalence of negative emotional states,such as anxiety and depression,has increased annually.Although personal habits are known to influence emotional regulation,the precise mechanisms underlying this ...BACKGROUND The prevalence of negative emotional states,such as anxiety and depression,has increased annually.Although personal habits are known to influence emotional regulation,the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.AIM To investigate emotion regulation habits impact on students negative emotions during lockdown,using the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as a case example.METHODS During the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown,an online cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Chinese university.Emotional states were assessed using the Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21),while demographic data and emotion regulation habits were collected concurrently.Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0 and includedχ^(2)-tests for intergroup comparisons,Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient analysis to examine associations,and stepwise linear regression modeling to explore the relationships between emotion regulation habits and emotional states.Statistical significance was set atα=0.05.RESULTS Among the 494 valid questionnaires analyzed,the prevalence rates of negative emotional states were as follows:Depression(65.0%),anxiety(69.4%),and stress(50.8%).DASS-21 scores(mean±SD)demonstrated significant symptomatology:Total(48.77±34.88),depression(16.21±12.18),anxiety(14.90±11.91),and stress(17.64±12.07).Significant positive intercorrelations were observed among all DASS-21 subscales(P<0.01).Regression analysis identified key predictors of negative emotions(P<0.05):Risk factors included late-night frequency and academic pressure,while protective factors were the frequency of parental contact and the number of same-gender friends.Additionally,compensatory spending and binge eating positively predicted all negative emotion scores(β>0,P<0.01),whereas appropriate recreational activities negatively predicted these scores(β<0,P<0.01).CONCLUSION High negative emotion prevalence occurred among confined students.Recreational activities were protective,while compensatory spending and binge eating were risk factors,necessitating guided emotion regulation.展开更多
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to memory formation in the adult brain,with new neurons in the hippocampus exhibiting greater plasticity during their immature stages compared to mature neurons.Abnormal adult ...Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to memory formation in the adult brain,with new neurons in the hippocampus exhibiting greater plasticity during their immature stages compared to mature neurons.Abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis is closely associated with cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases.Targeting and regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been shown to improve cognitive deficits.This review aims to expand the current understanding and prospects of targeting neurogenesis in the treatment of cognitive impairment.Recent research indicates the presence of abnormalities in AHN in several diseases associated with cognitive impairment,including cerebrovascular diseases,Alzheimer's disease,aging-related conditions,and issues related to anesthesia and surgery.The role of these abnormalities in the cognitive deficits caused by these diseases has been widely recognized,and targeting AHN is considered a promising approach for treating cognitive impairment.However,the underlying mechanisms of this role are not yet fully understood,and the effectiveness of targeting abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis for treatment remains limited,with a need for further development of treatment methods and detection techniques.By reviewing recent studies,we classify the potential mechanisms of adult hippocampal neurogenesis abnormalities into four categories:immunity,energy metabolism,aging,and pathological states.In immunity-related mechanisms,abnormalities in meningeal,brain,and peripheral immunity can disrupt normal adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function disorders are significant energy metabolism factors that lead to abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis.During aging,the inflammatory state of the neurogenic niche and the expression of aging-related microRNAs contribute to reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in older adult patients.Pathological states of the body and emotional disorders may also result in abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Among the current strategies used to enhance this form of neurogenesis,physical therapies such as exercise,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,and enriched environments have proven effective.Dietary interventions,including energy intake restriction and nutrient optimization,have shown efficacy in both basic research and clinical trials.However,drug treatments,such as antidepressants and stem cell therapy,are primarily reported in basic research,with limited clinical application.The relationship between abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment has garnered widespread attention,and targeting the former may be an important strategy for treating the latter.However,the mechanisms underlying abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain unclear,and treatments are lacking.This highlights the need for greater focus on translating research findings into clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with head and neck cancer experience adverse effects caused by anxiety and depression.Considering the high prevalence,implementing customized interventions to ease adverse emoti...BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with head and neck cancer experience adverse effects caused by anxiety and depression.Considering the high prevalence,implementing customized interventions to ease adverse emotional states is imperative.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)-based psychological interventions in improving the psychological well-being and quality of life(QoL)of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.METHODS This study enrolled 120 patients admitted from February 2022 to February 2024.The control group,comprising 50 participants,received standard supportive psychological care,while the research group,consisting 70 participants,underwent CBT-based interventions.Several clinical outcomes were systematically assessed that included postoperative recovery metrics(duration of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence and length of hospitalization),psychological status(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale),nutritional markers(serum albumin and hemoglobin levels),sleep quality(Self-Rating Scale of Sleep and Athens Insomnia Scale),and QoL(Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck).RESULTS The results demonstrated that the research group experienced superior outcomes,with significantly reduced durations of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence,as well as shorter hospital stays,compared with the control group.Additionally,the research group exhibited markedly lower post-intervention Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Scale of Sleep,and Athens Insomnia Scale scores,along with minimal but higher change in serum albumin and hemoglobin levels compared with the control group.All five domains of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck showed notable improvements in the research group,exceeding those observed in the control group.CONCLUSION CBT-based psychological support positively affects the mental well-being and QoL of patients with laryngeal carcinoma,highlighting its potential for broader clinical application.展开更多
The development of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for studying the nuclear structure of nickel isotopes far from the stability line relies on high-efficiency two-color two-step photoionization pathways.We...The development of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for studying the nuclear structure of nickel isotopes far from the stability line relies on high-efficiency two-color two-step photoionization pathways.We systematically investigated the even-parity autoionization spectrum of atomic nickel through resonance ionization mass spectrometry(RIMS).Fifteen intense single-color photoionization lines and corresponding transitions in the 300-325 nm range were identified and excluded as potential interference peaks for subsequent two-color studies.Fifty-one even-parity autoionization states in the 64000-66800 cm^(-1)range were identified for the first time by scanning from five intermediate excited states of the3d^(8)(^(3)F)4s4p(^(3)P^(o))configuration.Forty-eight of these states were assigned unique total angular momentum quantum numbers(J)based on electric dipole transition selection rules.The autoionization state at 64437.77 cm^(-1)was identified as an optimal final state for enhancing photoionization efficiency in two-color two-step pathways.This study provides comprehensive datasets of even-parity autoionization states of nickel,supporting both the advancement of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for exotic nickel isotopes and theoretical modeling of autoionization states.The datasets are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00280.展开更多
Efficient implementation of fundamental matrix operations on quantum computers,such as matrix products and Hadamard operations,holds significant potential for accelerating machine learning algorithms.A critical prereq...Efficient implementation of fundamental matrix operations on quantum computers,such as matrix products and Hadamard operations,holds significant potential for accelerating machine learning algorithms.A critical prerequisite for quantum implementations is the effective encoding of classical data into quantum states.We propose two quantum computing frameworks for preparing the distinct encoded states corresponding to matrix operations,including the matrix product,matrix sum,matrix Hadamard product and division.Quantum algorithms based on the digital encoding computing framework are capable of implementing the matrix Hadamard operation with a time complexity of O(poly log(mn/ε))and the matrix product with a time complexity of O(poly log(mnl/ε)),achieving an exponential speedup in contrast to the classical methods of O(mn)and O(mnl).Quantum algorithms based on the analog-encoding framework are capable of implementing the matrix Hadamard operation with a time complexity of O(k_(1)√mn·poly log(mn/ε))and the matrix product with a time complexity of O(k_(2)√1·poly log(mnl/ε)),where k_(1)and k_(2)are coefficients correlated with the elements of the matrix,achieving a square speedup in contrast to the classical counterparts.As applications,we construct an oracle that can access the trace of a matrix within logarithmic time,and propose several algorithms to respectively estimate the trace of a matrix,the trace of the product of two matrices,and the trace inner product of two matrices within logarithmic time.展开更多
Relaxation processes in quantum systems coupled to external environments represent one of the most fundamental nonequilibrium phenomena in condensed matter physics.The Lindblad master equation provides a powerful fram...Relaxation processes in quantum systems coupled to external environments represent one of the most fundamental nonequilibrium phenomena in condensed matter physics.The Lindblad master equation provides a powerful framework for characterizing such open quantum dynamics.In this work,we systematically investigate how different types of quantum jump operators and system geometries influence the Liouvillian gap and the properties of the nonequilibrium steady state(NESS)in finite-size systems.We demonstrate that,due to the intricate structure of the Liouvillian superoperator,multiple NESSs with unphysical characteristics can emerge.The physically meaningful steady state must instead be understood as a superposition of these NESSs that collectively satisfy the required physical constraints.Furthermore,we find that the Liouvillian gap does not necessarily increase monotonically with the system-environment coupling strength.Instead,it can exhibit a nontrivial peak structure,corresponding to a minimum in the relaxation time.The magnitude of this peak is closely related to the symmetry properties of the system.Our results provide a deeper understanding of nonequilibrium behavior in finite quantum systems and offer new insights into the design and control of open quantum dynamics.展开更多
The development of novel quantum many-body computational algorithms relies on robust benchmarking.However,generating such benchmarks is often hindered by the massive computational resources required for exact diagonal...The development of novel quantum many-body computational algorithms relies on robust benchmarking.However,generating such benchmarks is often hindered by the massive computational resources required for exact diagonalization or quantum Monte Carlo simulations,particularly at finite temperatures.In this work,we propose a new algorithm for obtaining thermal pure quantum states,which allows efficient computation of both mechanical and thermodynamic properties at finite temperatures.We implement this algorithm in our open-source C++template library,Physica.Combining the improved algorithm with state-of-the-art software engineering,our implementation achieves high performance and numerical stability.As an example,we demonstrate that for the 4×4 Hubbard model,our method runs approximately 10~3times faster than HΦ3.5.2.Moreover,the accessible temperature range is extended down toβ=32 across arbitrary doping levels.These advances significantly push forward the frontiers of benchmarking for quantum many-body systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72471023,71971019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QYBS025).
文摘Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresponsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue.To delve into passengers’choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demandresponsive service in high-speed railways,the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers.Based on the survey data obtained in China,the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects:personal socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics,and travel mode choice.Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate,the risk attributes are considered.To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains,personalized service product attributes are added.Mixed Logit mode,which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers,is developed,and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters.The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined.The results indicate that early arrival deviation time,late arrival deviation time,demand response time,and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’decision regarding demand-responsive train,with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice.Moreover,the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario,while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario.Through the Willingness To Pay(WTP)analysis,it is discovered that by shortening demand response time,enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase,and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains,the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented.This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.
文摘In this paper,we introduce the combining stated preference and revealed preference methods which is the state-ofthe-art method for the valuation of non-market goods.Revealed preference methods and stated preference (SP) methods have both been applied by economists in valuing non-market goods;however both methods have inherent weaknesses.In order to exploit the strengths of the various approaches while minimizing their weaknesses,combining the two methods has become an important methodological option.Up to now,a growing number of literatures of studying combing the two types of data have evolved,and researchers developed three types of models to estimate combining revealed preference and stated preference data in academic fields:discrete choice model,continuous choice model and mixed choice model.Combining stated and revealed preference methods have been developed fast especially in the transport study field in which ideas could also be leant for environmental economic studies.
基金Project supported by the Foundation for the Authors of the National Excellent Doctoral Thesis Award of China (200720)
文摘In this article, linear regular index 2 DAEs A（t）[D（t）x（t）]＇ ＋ B（t）x（t） = q（t） are considered. Using a decoupling technique, initial condition and boundary condition are properly formulated. Regular index 1 DAEs are obtained by a regularization method. We study the behavior of the solution of the regularization system via asymptotic expansions. The error analysis between the solutions of the DAEs and its regularization system is given.
文摘On July 2,2002, Bureau of International Exhibition’s (BIE) 131st General Assemblywas convened in Paris. The assembly examined the investigation report by BIE InvestigationDelegation for those application countries. Various application countries stated reportsrespectively.The Chinese Government Delegation headed by State Councilor Wu Yi attended the assembly, and stated report on China’s Shanghai making application to hold 2010 World Fair.
文摘To decide about irvestments in appropriate seismic vulnerability reduction and resilience enhancement mea-sures,policymakers need to acquire adequate insight into the value of a statistical life(VSL).The VSL measures the monetary value the public assigns to reducing mortality due to a specific risk(e.g-.dying from an earthquake)over a given period.In the absence of appropriate models to estimate the context-specific VSL for a given community,past studies have resorted to approaches such as using the VSL estimated for other purposes(e.g.,transportation and environmental safety)or other countries(e.g,the US).This can lead to under-or over-estimation of VSL,misappropriation of the funds for seismic vulnerability reduction programs,and adverse economic,political,and social consequences.This study proposes a methodology that follows the stated pref-erence binary choice approach to estimate the willingness to pay(WTP)to reduce the risk of earthquake-induced mortalities.The proposed method,which is applied to quantify VSL in Iran,involves using a questionnaire to collect the needed information about people's choices when investing in various risk reduction measures.It uses a test containing positivity and proportionality components to check the responses'consistency.Regression modeling is used to estimate the respondents'WTP and VSL.
文摘The conventional traffic demand forecasting methods based on revealed preference （RP） data are not able to predict the modal split. Passengers＇ stated intentions are indispensable for modal split forecasting and evaluation of new traffic modes. This paper analyzed the biases and errors included in stated preference data, put forward the new stochastic utility functions, and proposed an unbiased disaggregate model and its approximate model based on the combination of RP and stated preference （SP） data, with analysis of the parameter estimation algorithm. The model was also used to forecast rail transit passenger volumes to the Beijing Capital International Airport and the shift ratios from current traffic modes to rail transit. Experimental results show that the model can greatly increase forecasting accuracy of the modal split ratio of current traffic modes and can accurately forecast the shift ratios from current modes to the new mode.
文摘Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1400403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374183,92165205)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20233001)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0302800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.020414380207).
文摘Interplay between topology and magnetism can give rise to exotic properties in topological materials.Two-dimensional bismuth has been extensively studied owing to its topological states with a strong spin-orbit coupling,and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer theoretically predicted to host an intrinsic magnetism as experimentally suggested.In this work,we successfully constructed a vertical heterostructure composed of the two-dimensional Bi(110)monolayer and 1T-VTe_(2)monolayer by using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).Scanning tunneling microscopy(STM)measurements revealed that the growth of Bi preferably occurs along the step edges of the VTe_(2)monolayer,forming a Bi(110)monolayer on top of the VTe_(2)monolayer next to a peripheral Bi bilayer.The Bi(100)/VTe_(2)heterostructure exhibits a specific lattice registry with a well-defined moiréperiodicity.Scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)measurements further unveiled an universal suppression in the local density-of-states at the boundary of the Bi(110)/VTe_(2)bilayer.By examining the atomic structures of Bi(110)boundaries,we found this effect does not originate from the previously proposed atomic reconstruction at the step edge of Bi(110),but is likely related to the magnetic properties of the VTe_(2)monolayer.
基金supported by the Major Project for the Integration of ScienceEducation and Industry (Grant No.2025ZDZX02)。
文摘Classical computation of electronic properties in large-scale materials remains challenging.Quantum computation has the potential to offer advantages in memory footprint and computational scaling.However,general and viable quantum algorithms for simulating large-scale materials are still limited.We propose and implement random-state quantum algorithms to calculate electronic-structure properties of real materials.Using a random state circuit on a small number of qubits,we employ real-time evolution with first-order Trotter decomposition and Hadamard test to obtain electronic density of states,and we develop a modified quantum phase estimation algorithm to calculate real-space local density of states via direct quantum measurements.Furthermore,we validate these algorithms by numerically computing the density of states and spatial distributions of electronic states in graphene,twisted bilayer graphene quasicrystals,and fractal lattices,covering system sizes from hundreds to thousands of atoms.Our results manifest that the random-state quantum algorithms provide a general and qubit-efficient route to scalable simulations of electronic properties in large-scale periodic and aperiodic materials.
基金supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (Grant Nos.2024JC-JCQN-06 and2025JC-QYCX-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12474337)Chinese Academy of Sciences Project (Grant Nos.E4BA270100,E4Z127010F,E4Z6270100,and E53327020D)。
文摘In conventional higher-order topological insulators(HOTIs),the emergence of topological states can be explained by using the nonzero bulk polarization index.However,corner states emerge in HOTIs with incomplete boundary unit cells(i.e.,boundary defects)even though the bulk polarization is zero,which challenges the conventional understanding of HOTIs.Here,based on a Kekul´e-distorted honeycomb lattice with incomplete unit cells,we reveal that incomplete unit cells exhibit fractional charges through the analysis of Wannier centers by developing a compensation method and creating the concept of Wannier center domain(WCD)which is the smallest region that one Wannier center occupies.This method compensates for the missing parts of these boundary incomplete unit cells with additional WCDs to make them complete.The compensated WCDs automatically carry the corresponding charge,and this charge together with that of the incomplete unit cell constitutes the total charge of the complete unit cell after compensation.We conclude that the emergence of corner states is attributed to the filling anomaly,which is a fundamental mechanism.Our results refresh the understanding of HOTIs,especially those with structural discontinuities,and provide a novel design for topological states which have application value in producing optical functional devices.
基金supported by the Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),the Basic Research Project of Science,Education and Industry Integration Pilot Project(No.2022PY047).
文摘Photothermal synergistic catalytic systems for treating volatile organic compounds(VOCs)have attracted signif-icant attention due to their energy efficiency and potential to reduce carbon emissions.However,the mechanism underlying the synergistic reaction remains a critical issue.This study introduces a photothermal synergistic system for the removal of ethyl acetate(EA)by synthesizing Cu-doped OMS-2(denoted as Cu-OMS-2).Under ultraviolet-visible(UV–Vis)irradiation in a flow system,the Cu-OMS-2 catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced performance in the EA degradation process,nearly doubling the effectiveness of pure OMS-2,and increasing carbon dioxide yield by 20%.This exceptional performance is attributed to the synergistic effect of increased oxygen vacancies(OV)at OMS-2 active sites and Cu doping,as confirmed by H2-TPR,O_(2)-TPD,and CO consump-tion measurements.This study clarifies the catalytic mechanism of light-assisted thermocatalysis and offers a novel strategy for designing photothermal catalysts with homogeneous Cu-doped nanorods for VOC removal.
基金financial support provided by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2024105036)the Tangshan Talent Funding Project,China(Nos.B202302007 and A2021110015)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52264042)the Australian Research Council(No.IH230100010)。
文摘Automated classification of gas flow states in blast furnaces using top-camera imagery typically demands a large volume of labeled data,whose manual annotation is both labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive.To mitigate this challenge,we present an enhanced semi-supervised learning approach based on the Mean Teacher framework,incorporating a novel feature loss module to maximize classification performance with limited labeled samples.The model studies show that the proposed model surpasses both the baseline Mean Teacher model and fully supervised method in accuracy.Specifically,for datasets with 20%,30%,and 40%label ratios,using a single training iteration,the model yields accuracies of 78.61%,82.21%,and 85.2%,respectively,while multiple-cycle training iterations achieves 82.09%,81.97%,and 81.59%,respectively.Furthermore,scenario-specific training schemes are introduced to support diverse deployment need.These findings highlight the potential of the proposed technique in minimizing labeling requirements and advancing intelligent blast furnace diagnostics.
基金supported by the Argentine Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology ANPCyT(PICT2019-1472 to GP,PICT2019-4597 to FL,PICT2020-1524 to GP,and PICT2021-00627 to FL)supported by an Independent Career Position from CONICETsupported by a postdoctoral fellowship from ANPCyT。
文摘Stem cell proliferation is tightly regulated in developing and adult tissues through the coordinated action of cell-intrinsic and extracellular signals.Although many extracellular cues were identified,the cell-intrinsic mechanisms underlying the decision of a stem cell to proliferate,enter a dormant quiescent state or differentiate into a specific cell type remains incompletely understood.
文摘BACKGROUND The prevalence of negative emotional states,such as anxiety and depression,has increased annually.Although personal habits are known to influence emotional regulation,the precise mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear.AIM To investigate emotion regulation habits impact on students negative emotions during lockdown,using the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as a case example.METHODS During the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown,an online cross-sectional survey was conducted at a Chinese university.Emotional states were assessed using the Depression,Anxiety,and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21),while demographic data and emotion regulation habits were collected concurrently.Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 27.0 and includedχ^(2)-tests for intergroup comparisons,Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient analysis to examine associations,and stepwise linear regression modeling to explore the relationships between emotion regulation habits and emotional states.Statistical significance was set atα=0.05.RESULTS Among the 494 valid questionnaires analyzed,the prevalence rates of negative emotional states were as follows:Depression(65.0%),anxiety(69.4%),and stress(50.8%).DASS-21 scores(mean±SD)demonstrated significant symptomatology:Total(48.77±34.88),depression(16.21±12.18),anxiety(14.90±11.91),and stress(17.64±12.07).Significant positive intercorrelations were observed among all DASS-21 subscales(P<0.01).Regression analysis identified key predictors of negative emotions(P<0.05):Risk factors included late-night frequency and academic pressure,while protective factors were the frequency of parental contact and the number of same-gender friends.Additionally,compensatory spending and binge eating positively predicted all negative emotion scores(β>0,P<0.01),whereas appropriate recreational activities negatively predicted these scores(β<0,P<0.01).CONCLUSION High negative emotion prevalence occurred among confined students.Recreational activities were protective,while compensatory spending and binge eating were risk factors,necessitating guided emotion regulation.
基金supported by Technological Innovation 2030-Major Projects of“Brain Science and Brain-like Research,”No.2022ZD0206200(to XG)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371245(to SJ),82102246(to XD),81701092(to XG)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2020MH129(to SJ)Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty,No.shslczdzk03601Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Peri-operative Organ Support and Function Preservation,No.20DZ2254200。
文摘Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to memory formation in the adult brain,with new neurons in the hippocampus exhibiting greater plasticity during their immature stages compared to mature neurons.Abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis is closely associated with cognitive impairment in central nervous system diseases.Targeting and regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been shown to improve cognitive deficits.This review aims to expand the current understanding and prospects of targeting neurogenesis in the treatment of cognitive impairment.Recent research indicates the presence of abnormalities in AHN in several diseases associated with cognitive impairment,including cerebrovascular diseases,Alzheimer's disease,aging-related conditions,and issues related to anesthesia and surgery.The role of these abnormalities in the cognitive deficits caused by these diseases has been widely recognized,and targeting AHN is considered a promising approach for treating cognitive impairment.However,the underlying mechanisms of this role are not yet fully understood,and the effectiveness of targeting abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis for treatment remains limited,with a need for further development of treatment methods and detection techniques.By reviewing recent studies,we classify the potential mechanisms of adult hippocampal neurogenesis abnormalities into four categories:immunity,energy metabolism,aging,and pathological states.In immunity-related mechanisms,abnormalities in meningeal,brain,and peripheral immunity can disrupt normal adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function disorders are significant energy metabolism factors that lead to abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis.During aging,the inflammatory state of the neurogenic niche and the expression of aging-related microRNAs contribute to reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in older adult patients.Pathological states of the body and emotional disorders may also result in abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis.Among the current strategies used to enhance this form of neurogenesis,physical therapies such as exercise,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,and enriched environments have proven effective.Dietary interventions,including energy intake restriction and nutrient optimization,have shown efficacy in both basic research and clinical trials.However,drug treatments,such as antidepressants and stem cell therapy,are primarily reported in basic research,with limited clinical application.The relationship between abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment has garnered widespread attention,and targeting the former may be an important strategy for treating the latter.However,the mechanisms underlying abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis remain unclear,and treatments are lacking.This highlights the need for greater focus on translating research findings into clinical practice.
文摘BACKGROUND Approximately 30%of patients with head and neck cancer experience adverse effects caused by anxiety and depression.Considering the high prevalence,implementing customized interventions to ease adverse emotional states is imperative.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)-based psychological interventions in improving the psychological well-being and quality of life(QoL)of patients with laryngeal carcinoma.METHODS This study enrolled 120 patients admitted from February 2022 to February 2024.The control group,comprising 50 participants,received standard supportive psychological care,while the research group,consisting 70 participants,underwent CBT-based interventions.Several clinical outcomes were systematically assessed that included postoperative recovery metrics(duration of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence and length of hospitalization),psychological status(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale),nutritional markers(serum albumin and hemoglobin levels),sleep quality(Self-Rating Scale of Sleep and Athens Insomnia Scale),and QoL(Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck).RESULTS The results demonstrated that the research group experienced superior outcomes,with significantly reduced durations of tracheostomy and nasogastric tube dependence,as well as shorter hospital stays,compared with the control group.Additionally,the research group exhibited markedly lower post-intervention Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,Self-Rating Depression Scale,Self-Rating Scale of Sleep,and Athens Insomnia Scale scores,along with minimal but higher change in serum albumin and hemoglobin levels compared with the control group.All five domains of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck showed notable improvements in the research group,exceeding those observed in the control group.CONCLUSION CBT-based psychological support positively affects the mental well-being and QoL of patients with laryngeal carcinoma,highlighting its potential for broader clinical application.
基金supported by the China National Nuclear Corporation Basic Research Project(Grant No.CNNC-JCYJ-202327)。
文摘The development of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for studying the nuclear structure of nickel isotopes far from the stability line relies on high-efficiency two-color two-step photoionization pathways.We systematically investigated the even-parity autoionization spectrum of atomic nickel through resonance ionization mass spectrometry(RIMS).Fifteen intense single-color photoionization lines and corresponding transitions in the 300-325 nm range were identified and excluded as potential interference peaks for subsequent two-color studies.Fifty-one even-parity autoionization states in the 64000-66800 cm^(-1)range were identified for the first time by scanning from five intermediate excited states of the3d^(8)(^(3)F)4s4p(^(3)P^(o))configuration.Forty-eight of these states were assigned unique total angular momentum quantum numbers(J)based on electric dipole transition selection rules.The autoionization state at 64437.77 cm^(-1)was identified as an optimal final state for enhancing photoionization efficiency in two-color two-step pathways.This study provides comprehensive datasets of even-parity autoionization states of nickel,supporting both the advancement of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for exotic nickel isotopes and theoretical modeling of autoionization states.The datasets are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00280.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61573266)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Grant No.2021JM-133)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Innovation Fund of Xidian University(Grant No.YJSJ25009)。
文摘Efficient implementation of fundamental matrix operations on quantum computers,such as matrix products and Hadamard operations,holds significant potential for accelerating machine learning algorithms.A critical prerequisite for quantum implementations is the effective encoding of classical data into quantum states.We propose two quantum computing frameworks for preparing the distinct encoded states corresponding to matrix operations,including the matrix product,matrix sum,matrix Hadamard product and division.Quantum algorithms based on the digital encoding computing framework are capable of implementing the matrix Hadamard operation with a time complexity of O(poly log(mn/ε))and the matrix product with a time complexity of O(poly log(mnl/ε)),achieving an exponential speedup in contrast to the classical methods of O(mn)and O(mnl).Quantum algorithms based on the analog-encoding framework are capable of implementing the matrix Hadamard operation with a time complexity of O(k_(1)√mn·poly log(mn/ε))and the matrix product with a time complexity of O(k_(2)√1·poly log(mnl/ε)),where k_(1)and k_(2)are coefficients correlated with the elements of the matrix,achieving a square speedup in contrast to the classical counterparts.As applications,we construct an oracle that can access the trace of a matrix within logarithmic time,and propose several algorithms to respectively estimate the trace of a matrix,the trace of the product of two matrices,and the trace inner product of two matrices within logarithmic time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12275193 and11975166)。
文摘Relaxation processes in quantum systems coupled to external environments represent one of the most fundamental nonequilibrium phenomena in condensed matter physics.The Lindblad master equation provides a powerful framework for characterizing such open quantum dynamics.In this work,we systematically investigate how different types of quantum jump operators and system geometries influence the Liouvillian gap and the properties of the nonequilibrium steady state(NESS)in finite-size systems.We demonstrate that,due to the intricate structure of the Liouvillian superoperator,multiple NESSs with unphysical characteristics can emerge.The physically meaningful steady state must instead be understood as a superposition of these NESSs that collectively satisfy the required physical constraints.Furthermore,we find that the Liouvillian gap does not necessarily increase monotonically with the system-environment coupling strength.Instead,it can exhibit a nontrivial peak structure,corresponding to a minimum in the relaxation time.The magnitude of this peak is closely related to the symmetry properties of the system.Our results provide a deeper understanding of nonequilibrium behavior in finite quantum systems and offer new insights into the design and control of open quantum dynamics.
基金Fu-Zhou Chen for helpful discussions.The work is partly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12247101)。
文摘The development of novel quantum many-body computational algorithms relies on robust benchmarking.However,generating such benchmarks is often hindered by the massive computational resources required for exact diagonalization or quantum Monte Carlo simulations,particularly at finite temperatures.In this work,we propose a new algorithm for obtaining thermal pure quantum states,which allows efficient computation of both mechanical and thermodynamic properties at finite temperatures.We implement this algorithm in our open-source C++template library,Physica.Combining the improved algorithm with state-of-the-art software engineering,our implementation achieves high performance and numerical stability.As an example,we demonstrate that for the 4×4 Hubbard model,our method runs approximately 10~3times faster than HΦ3.5.2.Moreover,the accessible temperature range is extended down toβ=32 across arbitrary doping levels.These advances significantly push forward the frontiers of benchmarking for quantum many-body systems.
