According to the nonequilibrium solvation theory studies, a constrained equilibrium principle is introduced and applied to the derivations of the nonequilibrium solvation energy, and a reasonable expression of the spe...According to the nonequilibrium solvation theory studies, a constrained equilibrium principle is introduced and applied to the derivations of the nonequilibrium solvation energy, and a reasonable expression of the spectral shift of the electronic absorption spectra is deduced. Furthermore, the lowest transition of p-nitroaniline （pNA） in water is investigated by time-dependent density functional theory method. In addition, the details of excited state properties of pNA are discussed. Using our novel expression of the spectral shift, the value of -0.99 eV is obtained for π→π^＊ transition in water, which is in good agreement with the available experimental result of -0.98 eV.展开更多
We investigate theoretically the spectral shift of the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)in ZnO driven by a combined laser field by solving the two-band semiconductor Bloch equations(SBEs)in the velocity gauge.The co...We investigate theoretically the spectral shift of the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)in ZnO driven by a combined laser field by solving the two-band semiconductor Bloch equations(SBEs)in the velocity gauge.The combined laser field is synthesized by a fundamental laser pulse and its seventh-frequency laser pulse.When the seventh-frequency laser pulse is added to the rising or falling parts of the fundamental laser field,we find that the spectral blueshift or redshift appears,which is due to the unequal contribution of the rising and falling parts in the fundamental laser field to the harmonics.By analyzing the time-dependent conduction band population in k space,we found that,in addition to the tunneling ionization channel,there is also the resonant electron injection channels which is induced by the seventh-frequency laser pulse.The harmonics generated by the different channels show the spectral redshift or the spectral blueshift,respectively.Through analyzing the k-integrated transient conduction band population of the electrons from different channels,we found that if there is a certain delay in the process of the electron excitation,it will lead to the delay in the harmonic emission,which results in the spectral redshift of the harmonics.展开更多
Beginning from the premise that the universe is static, and that the cosmological redshift is due to a nonconservative tired light effect, the following examines evidence supporting the prediction that photons will pr...Beginning from the premise that the universe is static, and that the cosmological redshift is due to a nonconservative tired light effect, the following examines evidence supporting the prediction that photons will progressively blueshift when transiting through the gravity wells of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters. The presence of such a nonvelocity blueshift effect is seen to make a substantial contribution to Virgo cluster galaxy spectra, sufficient to dramatically decrease the cluster’s velocity dispersion and assessed virial mass and eliminate the need to assume the presence of large quantities of dark matter. The effect is also shown to account for the Fingers-of-God effect and Kaiser pancaking effect seen when the spectra of cluster galaxies are plotted in redshift space. The opposite effect, excessive redshifting of photons passing through cosmic voids is able to explain void elongation in redshift space, and also the subnormal luminosity of void galaxies. The proposed cosmological blueshifting phenomenon also explains the downturn of the slope of the Hubble Flow in the vicinity of the Local Group which projects a negative apparent velocity for photons propagating near the Milky Way. It also offers an explanation for the blueshift of the Andromeda galaxy spectra and for Arp’s findings that the spectra of primary galaxies in a cluster tend to be blueshifted relative to their companion galaxies. These photon energy phenomena are anticipated by the physics of subquantum kinetics which predicts that photons traversing long distances through intergalactic space should undergo nonconservative tired-light redshifting, and that photons passing through gravity potential wells should undergo progressive blueshifting. The latter effect may be visualized as a negative nonvelocity Hubble constant.展开更多
The relationship between ambient relative humidity H and the position shift of a spectral line was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.An echelle-based ICP emission spectrometer equipped with a CID dete...The relationship between ambient relative humidity H and the position shift of a spectral line was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.An echelle-based ICP emission spectrometer equipped with a CID detector was used for experimental verification of the derived model.The shift of a spectral line is quantitatively described by two defined spectral shift functions: Δλx(x,λ,H)(in the x direction of the CID detector) and Δλy(y,λ,H)(in the y direction of the CID detector).Experimental results indicate that Δλx(x,λ,H) does not change with a variation in ambient relative humidity, but Δλy(y,λ,H) does.A spectral shift equation,i.e.an empirical second-order polynomial equation,can be used to describe the relationship between Δλy(y,λ,H) and H.Based on the classical dipole model,classical mechanics and electrodynamics the empirical spectral-shift equation involving Δλy(y,λ,H) and H was theoretically deduced.The theoretical result is in good agreement with the experimental findings.The theoretical results indicate that the coefficients of the empirical spectral-shift equation are related to the basic physical parameters of materials and the geometric configuration of the echelle CID ICP-AES,and also provide physical meaning to the coefficients of the empirical shift equation obtained experimentally.展开更多
We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation(HHG)from solids.We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp a...We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation(HHG)from solids.We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp and blueshifts for those with positive chirp,which is due to the change in the instantaneous frequency of the driving laser for different chirped pulses.The analysis of crystal-momentum-resolved(k-resolved)HHG reveals that the frequency shifts are equal for the harmonics generated by different crystal momentum channels.The frequency shifts in the cutoff region are larger than those in the plateau region.With the increase of the absolute value of the chirp parameters,the frequency shifts of HHG become more significant,leading to the shifts from odd-to even-order harmonics.We also demonstrate that the frequency shifts of harmonic spectra are related to the duration of the chirped laser field,but are insensitive to the laser intensity and dephasing time.展开更多
In this paper a novel low power online chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring method is presented, which employs spectral shift in the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The advantage of this method lies in that the...In this paper a novel low power online chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring method is presented, which employs spectral shift in the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The advantage of this method lies in that the required input power can be much reduced, and the filter output can be used in the dynamic CD compensation system. The simulation indicates that the filtered power decreases with CD increases, and that the monitoring range increases as the filter bandwidth increases.展开更多
In this paper, we optimize a proposed all-optical quantization scheme based on soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS)and pre-chirp spectral compression techniques. A 10m-long high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is ...In this paper, we optimize a proposed all-optical quantization scheme based on soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS)and pre-chirp spectral compression techniques. A 10m-long high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is used as an SSFS medium relevant to the power of the sampled optical pulses. Furthermore, a 10m-long dispersion flattened hybrid cladding hexagonal-octagonal PCF(6/8-PCF) is utilized as a spectral compression medium to further enhance the resolution. Simulation results show that 6-bit quantization resolution is still obtained when a 100m-long dispersion-increasing fiber(DIF)is replaced by a 6/8-PCF in spectral compression module.展开更多
Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, wher...Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength ω0/λ0 and relative spatial correlation length △ affect the spectral difference. The smaller ω0/λ0 is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length △ is relatively small.展开更多
The semiconductor thin disk laser is a new type of semiconductor laser. This work gives the basic operation function of the semiconductor disk laser, and analyses the heat effect by the experimentally measured photolu...The semiconductor thin disk laser is a new type of semiconductor laser. This work gives the basic operation function of the semiconductor disk laser, and analyses the heat effect by the experimentally measured photoluminescence spectrum of the laser chip at different pump power and different temperatures. We can see that: with increasing pump power, the thermal effect of the gain material becomes seriously and causes the saturation of carrier lifetime, so the electron-hole pair created in the absorbtion layer has no enough time to rate to one of the wells, and the non-radiative recombination happens in the barrier. When the thermal effect becomes stronger, the chip will be not lasing. This phenomenon is from the smaller energy offset between barrier and quantum well. We optimize the original structure design and experimental technology. A non-absorbing AlGaAs layer which is transparent to the pumping and laser wavelength is added to confine the carriers in the quantum wells. At the same time a DBR with double reflecting band is induced to improve the absorbing efficiency of the pumping light. The single QW is replaced by the three narrow QWs. This three QWs structure can add the quantum state of QW, increase the recombination probability of carriers in the QWs and reduce the heat effect. The chemical etching equipment is also improved to control the surface unevenness to be within 50 nm.展开更多
Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields we...Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields were generated from a circular array of solenoids and presented with accelerating or decelerating rotation velocities. The range of photon radiant flux density was in the order of 10-12 W·m-2. Microtubules preparations that had been exposed for only 2 min to a magnetic field configuration corresponding to the electric field pattern that induced long-term potentiation in neural tissue when applied as electric current displayed peaks of spectral power densities within 7 - 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz, 14 - 15 Hz, and 22 Hz bands. The major peak (9.4 Hz) bandwidth was approximately 0.1 Hz. While microtubule preparations exposed for 2 min to a 7 Hz sine-wave or in the absence of a field emitted an overall similar level of spectral power density, the peaks in power density were not present. Treatment with the LTP patterned fields, compared to the baseline or sine-wave fields primarily altered the frequency band in which the amplitude of the photon field was expressed. These results suggest that the photon emissions from microtubule preparations have the capacity to respond to specifically-patterned or geometric shapes of magnetic fields by altering spectral configurations rather than the absolute numbers of photons.展开更多
Let {an}∞n=0be a weight sequence and let W denote the associated unilateral weighted shift on H. In this paper, we consider the connection between the M-hyponormal and hyponormalizable weighted shift operator. Main r...Let {an}∞n=0be a weight sequence and let W denote the associated unilateral weighted shift on H. In this paper, we consider the connection between the M-hyponormal and hyponormalizable weighted shift operator. Main results are Theorems 4.1 and Theorems4.2. Theorem 4.1 gives the sufficient condition that a weighted shifts M-hyponormal operator is hyponormalizable. Theorem 4.2 gives the sufficient condition that a hyponormalizable weighted shift operator is M-hyponormal. Finally, invariant subspaces of such operators are discussed.展开更多
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported Science Foundation of China by the National Natural （No.91016002）.
文摘According to the nonequilibrium solvation theory studies, a constrained equilibrium principle is introduced and applied to the derivations of the nonequilibrium solvation energy, and a reasonable expression of the spectral shift of the electronic absorption spectra is deduced. Furthermore, the lowest transition of p-nitroaniline （pNA） in water is investigated by time-dependent density functional theory method. In addition, the details of excited state properties of pNA are discussed. Using our novel expression of the spectral shift, the value of -0.99 eV is obtained for π→π^＊ transition in water, which is in good agreement with the available experimental result of -0.98 eV.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074142 and 11904122).
文摘We investigate theoretically the spectral shift of the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)in ZnO driven by a combined laser field by solving the two-band semiconductor Bloch equations(SBEs)in the velocity gauge.The combined laser field is synthesized by a fundamental laser pulse and its seventh-frequency laser pulse.When the seventh-frequency laser pulse is added to the rising or falling parts of the fundamental laser field,we find that the spectral blueshift or redshift appears,which is due to the unequal contribution of the rising and falling parts in the fundamental laser field to the harmonics.By analyzing the time-dependent conduction band population in k space,we found that,in addition to the tunneling ionization channel,there is also the resonant electron injection channels which is induced by the seventh-frequency laser pulse.The harmonics generated by the different channels show the spectral redshift or the spectral blueshift,respectively.Through analyzing the k-integrated transient conduction band population of the electrons from different channels,we found that if there is a certain delay in the process of the electron excitation,it will lead to the delay in the harmonic emission,which results in the spectral redshift of the harmonics.
文摘Beginning from the premise that the universe is static, and that the cosmological redshift is due to a nonconservative tired light effect, the following examines evidence supporting the prediction that photons will progressively blueshift when transiting through the gravity wells of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters. The presence of such a nonvelocity blueshift effect is seen to make a substantial contribution to Virgo cluster galaxy spectra, sufficient to dramatically decrease the cluster’s velocity dispersion and assessed virial mass and eliminate the need to assume the presence of large quantities of dark matter. The effect is also shown to account for the Fingers-of-God effect and Kaiser pancaking effect seen when the spectra of cluster galaxies are plotted in redshift space. The opposite effect, excessive redshifting of photons passing through cosmic voids is able to explain void elongation in redshift space, and also the subnormal luminosity of void galaxies. The proposed cosmological blueshifting phenomenon also explains the downturn of the slope of the Hubble Flow in the vicinity of the Local Group which projects a negative apparent velocity for photons propagating near the Milky Way. It also offers an explanation for the blueshift of the Andromeda galaxy spectra and for Arp’s findings that the spectra of primary galaxies in a cluster tend to be blueshifted relative to their companion galaxies. These photon energy phenomena are anticipated by the physics of subquantum kinetics which predicts that photons traversing long distances through intergalactic space should undergo nonconservative tired-light redshifting, and that photons passing through gravity potential wells should undergo progressive blueshifting. The latter effect may be visualized as a negative nonvelocity Hubble constant.
文摘The relationship between ambient relative humidity H and the position shift of a spectral line was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.An echelle-based ICP emission spectrometer equipped with a CID detector was used for experimental verification of the derived model.The shift of a spectral line is quantitatively described by two defined spectral shift functions: Δλx(x,λ,H)(in the x direction of the CID detector) and Δλy(y,λ,H)(in the y direction of the CID detector).Experimental results indicate that Δλx(x,λ,H) does not change with a variation in ambient relative humidity, but Δλy(y,λ,H) does.A spectral shift equation,i.e.an empirical second-order polynomial equation,can be used to describe the relationship between Δλy(y,λ,H) and H.Based on the classical dipole model,classical mechanics and electrodynamics the empirical spectral-shift equation involving Δλy(y,λ,H) and H was theoretically deduced.The theoretical result is in good agreement with the experimental findings.The theoretical results indicate that the coefficients of the empirical spectral-shift equation are related to the basic physical parameters of materials and the geometric configuration of the echelle CID ICP-AES,and also provide physical meaning to the coefficients of the empirical shift equation obtained experimentally.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20230101014JC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374265)。
文摘We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation(HHG)from solids.We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp and blueshifts for those with positive chirp,which is due to the change in the instantaneous frequency of the driving laser for different chirped pulses.The analysis of crystal-momentum-resolved(k-resolved)HHG reveals that the frequency shifts are equal for the harmonics generated by different crystal momentum channels.The frequency shifts in the cutoff region are larger than those in the plateau region.With the increase of the absolute value of the chirp parameters,the frequency shifts of HHG become more significant,leading to the shifts from odd-to even-order harmonics.We also demonstrate that the frequency shifts of harmonic spectra are related to the duration of the chirped laser field,but are insensitive to the laser intensity and dephasing time.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 90104003.
文摘In this paper a novel low power online chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring method is presented, which employs spectral shift in the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The advantage of this method lies in that the required input power can be much reduced, and the filter output can be used in the dynamic CD compensation system. The simulation indicates that the filtered power decreases with CD increases, and that the monitoring range increases as the filter bandwidth increases.
文摘In this paper, we optimize a proposed all-optical quantization scheme based on soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS)and pre-chirp spectral compression techniques. A 10m-long high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is used as an SSFS medium relevant to the power of the sampled optical pulses. Furthermore, a 10m-long dispersion flattened hybrid cladding hexagonal-octagonal PCF(6/8-PCF) is utilized as a spectral compression medium to further enhance the resolution. Simulation results show that 6-bit quantization resolution is still obtained when a 100m-long dispersion-increasing fiber(DIF)is replaced by a 6/8-PCF in spectral compression module.
基金suported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10574097)the Outstanding Young Researcher Foundation of Sichuan Province,China (Grant No 03ZQ026-061)+1 种基金the Applied and Basic Research Foundation of Sichuan Province,China (Grant No 05J Y029-102)the Natural Science Foundation of Yibin University,China (Grant No 2008B04)
文摘Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength ω0/λ0 and relative spatial correlation length △ affect the spectral difference. The smaller ω0/λ0 is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length △ is relatively small.
文摘The semiconductor thin disk laser is a new type of semiconductor laser. This work gives the basic operation function of the semiconductor disk laser, and analyses the heat effect by the experimentally measured photoluminescence spectrum of the laser chip at different pump power and different temperatures. We can see that: with increasing pump power, the thermal effect of the gain material becomes seriously and causes the saturation of carrier lifetime, so the electron-hole pair created in the absorbtion layer has no enough time to rate to one of the wells, and the non-radiative recombination happens in the barrier. When the thermal effect becomes stronger, the chip will be not lasing. This phenomenon is from the smaller energy offset between barrier and quantum well. We optimize the original structure design and experimental technology. A non-absorbing AlGaAs layer which is transparent to the pumping and laser wavelength is added to confine the carriers in the quantum wells. At the same time a DBR with double reflecting band is induced to improve the absorbing efficiency of the pumping light. The single QW is replaced by the three narrow QWs. This three QWs structure can add the quantum state of QW, increase the recombination probability of carriers in the QWs and reduce the heat effect. The chemical etching equipment is also improved to control the surface unevenness to be within 50 nm.
文摘Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields were generated from a circular array of solenoids and presented with accelerating or decelerating rotation velocities. The range of photon radiant flux density was in the order of 10-12 W·m-2. Microtubules preparations that had been exposed for only 2 min to a magnetic field configuration corresponding to the electric field pattern that induced long-term potentiation in neural tissue when applied as electric current displayed peaks of spectral power densities within 7 - 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz, 14 - 15 Hz, and 22 Hz bands. The major peak (9.4 Hz) bandwidth was approximately 0.1 Hz. While microtubule preparations exposed for 2 min to a 7 Hz sine-wave or in the absence of a field emitted an overall similar level of spectral power density, the peaks in power density were not present. Treatment with the LTP patterned fields, compared to the baseline or sine-wave fields primarily altered the frequency band in which the amplitude of the photon field was expressed. These results suggest that the photon emissions from microtubule preparations have the capacity to respond to specifically-patterned or geometric shapes of magnetic fields by altering spectral configurations rather than the absolute numbers of photons.
基金Supported by the NNSF of China(11126286,11201095)Supported by the Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department(12541618)
文摘Let {an}∞n=0be a weight sequence and let W denote the associated unilateral weighted shift on H. In this paper, we consider the connection between the M-hyponormal and hyponormalizable weighted shift operator. Main results are Theorems 4.1 and Theorems4.2. Theorem 4.1 gives the sufficient condition that a weighted shifts M-hyponormal operator is hyponormalizable. Theorem 4.2 gives the sufficient condition that a hyponormalizable weighted shift operator is M-hyponormal. Finally, invariant subspaces of such operators are discussed.
