Numerical analysis is an effective tool to research the industrial Czochralski （CZ） crystal growth aiming to improve crystal quality and reduce manufactur- ing costs. In this study, a set of global simulations were ...Numerical analysis is an effective tool to research the industrial Czochralski （CZ） crystal growth aiming to improve crystal quality and reduce manufactur- ing costs. In this study, a set of global simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of crystal-crucible rotation and pulling rate on melt convection and solid- liquid （SL） interface shape. Through analyses of the sim- ulation data, it is found that the interface deformation and inherent stress increase during the crystal growth process. The interface deflection increases from 7.4 to 51.3 mm with an increase in crystal size from 150 to 400 mm. In addition, the SL interface shape and flow pattern are sen- sitive to pulling rate and rotation rate. Reducing pulling rate can flat SL interface shape and add energy-consuming. Interface with low deflection can be achieved by adopting certain combination of crystal and crucible rotation rates. The effect of crystal rotation on SL interface shape is less significant at higher crucible rotation rates.展开更多
Based on the principle of discrete element method （DEM）, a 2D slot model of a COREX melter gasifier was established to analyze the influence of cohesive zone shape on solid flow, including mass distribution, velocit...Based on the principle of discrete element method （DEM）, a 2D slot model of a COREX melter gasifier was established to analyze the influence of cohesive zone shape on solid flow, including mass distribution, velocity distribution, normal force distribution and porosity distribution at a microscopic level. The results show that the co- hesive zone shape almost does not affect the particle movement in the upper shaft and deadman shape. The particles in the lower central bottom experience large normal force to support the particles above them, while particles around the raceway and in the fast flow zone exhibit weak force network. The porosity distribution was also examined under three kinds of cohesive zones. Like the velocity distribution, the whole packed bed can be divided into four main re- gions. With the increase of cohesive zone position, the low porosity region located in the root of cohesive zone increa- ses. And the porosity distribution becomes asymmetric in the case of biased cohesive zone.展开更多
In this work, a design procedure extending the B-spline based finite cell method into shape optimization is developed for axisymmetric solids involving the centrifugal force effect. We first replace the traditional co...In this work, a design procedure extending the B-spline based finite cell method into shape optimization is developed for axisymmetric solids involving the centrifugal force effect. We first replace the traditional conforming mesh in the finite element method with structured cells that are fixed during the whole design process with a view to avoid the sophisticated re-meshing and eventual mesh distortion.Then, B-spline shape functions are further implemented to yield a high-order continuity field along the cell boundary in stress analysis. By means of the implicit description of the shape boundary, stress sensitivity is analytically derived with respect to shape design variables. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed protocol by several numerical test cases as well as a whole design procedure carried out on an aeronautic turbine disk.展开更多
Eu3+-activated Gd2(MoO4)3 pseudo-pompon-like red-emitting phosphors were prepared by solid-state method. The structure, morphology, and luminescent properties of these powder samples were investigated by X-ray diffrac...Eu3+-activated Gd2(MoO4)3 pseudo-pompon-like red-emitting phosphors were prepared by solid-state method. The structure, morphology, and luminescent properties of these powder samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescent spectrophotometry, respectively. The as-obtained phosphors were single crystalline phase with orthorhombic unit cell. The particles of the powder samples had the length of 5-12 m and width of 3-7 m with flake shape and large surface area, which is suitable for manufacture of white LEDs. The phosphor could be efficiently excited by the incident light of 348-425 nm, well matched with the output wavelength of near-UV (In,Ga)N chip, and re-emitted an intense red light peaking at 615 nm. By combing this phosphor with a ~395 nm-emitting (In,Ga)N chip, a red LED was fabricated, so that the applicability of this novel phosphor to white LEDs was confirmed. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting conversion phosphor for solid-state lighting based on (In,Ga)N LEDs.展开更多
The mold pressing process was applied to investigate the formability of closed-cell aluminum foam in solid–liquid–gas coexisting state.Results show that the shape formation of closed-cell aluminum foam in the solid...The mold pressing process was applied to investigate the formability of closed-cell aluminum foam in solid–liquid–gas coexisting state.Results show that the shape formation of closed-cell aluminum foam in the solid–liquid–gas coexisting state was realized through cell wall deformation and cell movement caused by primary α-Al grains that slid,rotated,deformed,and ripened within cell walls.During formation,characteristic parameters of closed-cell aluminum foam were almost unchanged.Under proper forming conditions,shaped products of closed-cell aluminum foam could be fabricated through mold pressing.展开更多
Assuming the pores in a porous solid to be slit-shaped,according to the principle of surface chemical thermody-namics,an equation for the calculation of pore size fromthe desorption branch of the isotherm of physical ...Assuming the pores in a porous solid to be slit-shaped,according to the principle of surface chemical thermody-namics,an equation for the calculation of pore size fromthe desorption branch of the isotherm of physical adsorp-tion of nitrogen on the porous solid at liquid nitrogentemperature is derived.The calculation results obtainedby different methods,namely,the classical method,BBmethod and the method of this paper,are compared.Comparison shows that the pore sizes d_T and d_H calculat-ed by the method of this paper and BB method respec-tively are larger than the pore size d_c calculated by theclassical method in the range 0【p/p_s【1;d_T】d_Hatp/p_s【0.71 and d_H】d_T at p/p_s】0.71;The results byBB method and the method of this paper tend to be thesame as that by the classical method while p/p_s ap-proaches 1.展开更多
The solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 was prepared by immersion method and applied for synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate(PMA) through esterification reaction of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and aceti...The solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 was prepared by immersion method and applied for synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate(PMA) through esterification reaction of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and acetic acid(HAc). The optimal catalyst preparation condition was determined by orthogonal analysis of parameters in a five-factor and four-level test. The obtained solid acid catalysts were characterized in detail by means of X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, pyridine adsorbed IR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area method. Synthesis of PMA was studied in this paper through experimental investigation of reaction conditions such as temperature, molar ratio of reactants, catalyst dosage and agitation speed. Based on its possible reaction mechanism, a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was established and its activation energies E_a^+ and E_a^-,65.68 × 10~3J·mol^(-1) and 57.78 × 10~3J·mol^(-1), were estimated. To prepare shaped solid acid catalyst SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2, the shaping method of impregnation–shaping–impregnation was applied. The optimal molding formulation of solid acid catalyst, obtained from the orthogonal test, was found to be binder 7 wt%, reinforcing agent 20 wt%, pore forming material 2.5 wt%, and lubricant 4 wt%.The results of performance test of catalyst demonstrated that the shaped solid acid catalyst exhibited high activity and stability.展开更多
In allusion to the deficient feature of product information in conceptualdesign, a framework of deficient information modeling for conceptual shape design is put forward,which includes qualitative shape modeling (a qu...In allusion to the deficient feature of product information in conceptualdesign, a framework of deficient information modeling for conceptual shape design is put forward,which includes qualitative shape modeling (a qualitative solid model), uncertain shape modeling (anuncertain relation model) and imprecise shape modeling (an imprecise region model). In theframework, the qualitative solid model is the core, which represents qualitatively (using symbols)the conceptual shapes of mechanical products. The uncertain relation model regarding domainrelations as objects and the imprecise region model regarding domains as objects are used to dealwith the uncertain and imprecise issues respectively, which arise from qualitative shape modeling orexist in product information itself.展开更多
The effects of microalloying elements Ti,Sc,Zr and Er on grain refinement behaviors and hardness properties of wedge-shaped Al-Mg-Mn alloy castings were investigated. The results indicate that alloys containing Sc and...The effects of microalloying elements Ti,Sc,Zr and Er on grain refinement behaviors and hardness properties of wedge-shaped Al-Mg-Mn alloy castings were investigated. The results indicate that alloys containing Sc and Zr can remarkably reduce the grain sizes of Al-Mg-Mn castings. Combination of Sc,Zr and Er can completely eliminate the columnar dendritic grains and further obtain refined grains with nondendritic sub-structure;the whole wedge-shaped cross-section of the casting consequently exhibits more homogeneous cast structures instead of the typical tri-crystal region structures. Large amounts of Al3Sc-based intermetallic compound particles,such as Al3(Sc1-x,Zrx),Al3(Sc1-x,Tix),Al3(Sc1-x-y,Zrx,Tiy) and Al3(Sc1-x-y,Zrx,Ery) are present in the microalloyed alloys,resulting from their numerously forming in high-temperature melt before solidification. These phases have the same L12-type crystal structure to Al3Sc phase as well as smaller misfits with the primary α(Al) grains,which leads to more efficient epitaxial growth for α(Al) grains on all crystal planes of these composite phases. The experimental alloys have been hardened in different levels and,show the low susceptibilities of hardness change with varying cooling rate. The high hardness of the castings are caused by grain-refined strengthening and solid solution strengthening.展开更多
Treatment of iodide bridged dimer 4[Mo2O2S6Cu6I4Br2] 1 with 3, 5 bimethylpyridine or with K in CH3CN afforded the tetranuclear cluster [MoOS3Cu3I(3, 5 diMePy)4]·CH3CN 2 and dodecanuclear cluster (Et4N)4[Mo4Cu8O4S...Treatment of iodide bridged dimer 4[Mo2O2S6Cu6I4Br2] 1 with 3, 5 bimethylpyridine or with K in CH3CN afforded the tetranuclear cluster [MoOS3Cu3I(3, 5 diMePy)4]·CH3CN 2 and dodecanuclear cluster (Et4N)4[Mo4Cu8O4S12{(Ph2PS)2N}4] 3. Monomeric 2 possess a nest shaped skeleton. The structure of oligomeric 3 can be regarded as a tetramer of nest shaped MoCu3OS3 groups co polymerized by sharing the limbic Cu atoms.展开更多
Complexes of comb-shaped polyether and lithium aromatic sulfonates bearing different negative charge number were prepared by in situ thermal polymerization. Their conductivity depends deeply on salt content, ambient t...Complexes of comb-shaped polyether and lithium aromatic sulfonates bearing different negative charge number were prepared by in situ thermal polymerization. Their conductivity depends deeply on salt content, ambient temperature and negative charge number of the added salts. Results show that anions can be partly immobilized by increasing their negative charges at lower temperature. Against discharge time the short circuit current of the battery (Li/complex film/Li_x V_3O_8) is stabilized by increasing the anionic charge number of the complex.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Major National Science and Technology Projects (No. 2009ZX02011)
文摘Numerical analysis is an effective tool to research the industrial Czochralski （CZ） crystal growth aiming to improve crystal quality and reduce manufactur- ing costs. In this study, a set of global simulations were carried out to investigate the effect of crystal-crucible rotation and pulling rate on melt convection and solid- liquid （SL） interface shape. Through analyses of the sim- ulation data, it is found that the interface deformation and inherent stress increase during the crystal growth process. The interface deflection increases from 7.4 to 51.3 mm with an increase in crystal size from 150 to 400 mm. In addition, the SL interface shape and flow pattern are sen- sitive to pulling rate and rotation rate. Reducing pulling rate can flat SL interface shape and add energy-consuming. Interface with low deflection can be achieved by adopting certain combination of crystal and crucible rotation rates. The effect of crystal rotation on SL interface shape is less significant at higher crucible rotation rates.
基金Item Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(N090402021)
文摘Based on the principle of discrete element method （DEM）, a 2D slot model of a COREX melter gasifier was established to analyze the influence of cohesive zone shape on solid flow, including mass distribution, velocity distribution, normal force distribution and porosity distribution at a microscopic level. The results show that the co- hesive zone shape almost does not affect the particle movement in the upper shaft and deadman shape. The particles in the lower central bottom experience large normal force to support the particles above them, while particles around the raceway and in the fast flow zone exhibit weak force network. The porosity distribution was also examined under three kinds of cohesive zones. Like the velocity distribution, the whole packed bed can be divided into four main re- gions. With the increase of cohesive zone position, the low porosity region located in the root of cohesive zone increa- ses. And the porosity distribution becomes asymmetric in the case of biased cohesive zone.
基金supported by the National Natura Science Foundation of China (Grant 51275424)973 Program (Gran2011CB610304)+1 种基金Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant 20126102130003)the opening project (Grant KFJJ13-6M) of the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology (Beijing Institute of Technology)
文摘In this work, a design procedure extending the B-spline based finite cell method into shape optimization is developed for axisymmetric solids involving the centrifugal force effect. We first replace the traditional conforming mesh in the finite element method with structured cells that are fixed during the whole design process with a view to avoid the sophisticated re-meshing and eventual mesh distortion.Then, B-spline shape functions are further implemented to yield a high-order continuity field along the cell boundary in stress analysis. By means of the implicit description of the shape boundary, stress sensitivity is analytically derived with respect to shape design variables. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed protocol by several numerical test cases as well as a whole design procedure carried out on an aeronautic turbine disk.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Research Project of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (08KJD150014)the QingLan Project of the Jiangsu Province (2008)the Basic Research Fund of Jiangsu Teachers University of Technology (KYY09031)
文摘Eu3+-activated Gd2(MoO4)3 pseudo-pompon-like red-emitting phosphors were prepared by solid-state method. The structure, morphology, and luminescent properties of these powder samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescent spectrophotometry, respectively. The as-obtained phosphors were single crystalline phase with orthorhombic unit cell. The particles of the powder samples had the length of 5-12 m and width of 3-7 m with flake shape and large surface area, which is suitable for manufacture of white LEDs. The phosphor could be efficiently excited by the incident light of 348-425 nm, well matched with the output wavelength of near-UV (In,Ga)N chip, and re-emitted an intense red light peaking at 615 nm. By combing this phosphor with a ~395 nm-emitting (In,Ga)N chip, a red LED was fabricated, so that the applicability of this novel phosphor to white LEDs was confirmed. It is considered to be an efficient red-emitting conversion phosphor for solid-state lighting based on (In,Ga)N LEDs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (No.51371104)
文摘The mold pressing process was applied to investigate the formability of closed-cell aluminum foam in solid–liquid–gas coexisting state.Results show that the shape formation of closed-cell aluminum foam in the solid–liquid–gas coexisting state was realized through cell wall deformation and cell movement caused by primary α-Al grains that slid,rotated,deformed,and ripened within cell walls.During formation,characteristic parameters of closed-cell aluminum foam were almost unchanged.Under proper forming conditions,shaped products of closed-cell aluminum foam could be fabricated through mold pressing.
文摘Assuming the pores in a porous solid to be slit-shaped,according to the principle of surface chemical thermody-namics,an equation for the calculation of pore size fromthe desorption branch of the isotherm of physical adsorp-tion of nitrogen on the porous solid at liquid nitrogentemperature is derived.The calculation results obtainedby different methods,namely,the classical method,BBmethod and the method of this paper,are compared.Comparison shows that the pore sizes d_T and d_H calculat-ed by the method of this paper and BB method respec-tively are larger than the pore size d_c calculated by theclassical method in the range 0【p/p_s【1;d_T】d_Hatp/p_s【0.71 and d_H】d_T at p/p_s】0.71;The results byBB method and the method of this paper tend to be thesame as that by the classical method while p/p_s ap-proaches 1.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21306025,21576053)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2013DFR90540)
文摘The solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 was prepared by immersion method and applied for synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate(PMA) through esterification reaction of propylene glycol monomethyl ether(PM)and acetic acid(HAc). The optimal catalyst preparation condition was determined by orthogonal analysis of parameters in a five-factor and four-level test. The obtained solid acid catalysts were characterized in detail by means of X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, pyridine adsorbed IR analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area method. Synthesis of PMA was studied in this paper through experimental investigation of reaction conditions such as temperature, molar ratio of reactants, catalyst dosage and agitation speed. Based on its possible reaction mechanism, a pseudo-homogeneous kinetic model was established and its activation energies E_a^+ and E_a^-,65.68 × 10~3J·mol^(-1) and 57.78 × 10~3J·mol^(-1), were estimated. To prepare shaped solid acid catalyst SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2, the shaping method of impregnation–shaping–impregnation was applied. The optimal molding formulation of solid acid catalyst, obtained from the orthogonal test, was found to be binder 7 wt%, reinforcing agent 20 wt%, pore forming material 2.5 wt%, and lubricant 4 wt%.The results of performance test of catalyst demonstrated that the shaped solid acid catalyst exhibited high activity and stability.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.59990470)
文摘In allusion to the deficient feature of product information in conceptualdesign, a framework of deficient information modeling for conceptual shape design is put forward,which includes qualitative shape modeling (a qualitative solid model), uncertain shape modeling (anuncertain relation model) and imprecise shape modeling (an imprecise region model). In theframework, the qualitative solid model is the core, which represents qualitatively (using symbols)the conceptual shapes of mechanical products. The uncertain relation model regarding domainrelations as objects and the imprecise region model regarding domains as objects are used to dealwith the uncertain and imprecise issues respectively, which arise from qualitative shape modeling orexist in product information itself.
文摘The effects of microalloying elements Ti,Sc,Zr and Er on grain refinement behaviors and hardness properties of wedge-shaped Al-Mg-Mn alloy castings were investigated. The results indicate that alloys containing Sc and Zr can remarkably reduce the grain sizes of Al-Mg-Mn castings. Combination of Sc,Zr and Er can completely eliminate the columnar dendritic grains and further obtain refined grains with nondendritic sub-structure;the whole wedge-shaped cross-section of the casting consequently exhibits more homogeneous cast structures instead of the typical tri-crystal region structures. Large amounts of Al3Sc-based intermetallic compound particles,such as Al3(Sc1-x,Zrx),Al3(Sc1-x,Tix),Al3(Sc1-x-y,Zrx,Tiy) and Al3(Sc1-x-y,Zrx,Ery) are present in the microalloyed alloys,resulting from their numerously forming in high-temperature melt before solidification. These phases have the same L12-type crystal structure to Al3Sc phase as well as smaller misfits with the primary α(Al) grains,which leads to more efficient epitaxial growth for α(Al) grains on all crystal planes of these composite phases. The experimental alloys have been hardened in different levels and,show the low susceptibilities of hardness change with varying cooling rate. The high hardness of the castings are caused by grain-refined strengthening and solid solution strengthening.
文摘Treatment of iodide bridged dimer 4[Mo2O2S6Cu6I4Br2] 1 with 3, 5 bimethylpyridine or with K in CH3CN afforded the tetranuclear cluster [MoOS3Cu3I(3, 5 diMePy)4]·CH3CN 2 and dodecanuclear cluster (Et4N)4[Mo4Cu8O4S12{(Ph2PS)2N}4] 3. Monomeric 2 possess a nest shaped skeleton. The structure of oligomeric 3 can be regarded as a tetramer of nest shaped MoCu3OS3 groups co polymerized by sharing the limbic Cu atoms.
文摘Complexes of comb-shaped polyether and lithium aromatic sulfonates bearing different negative charge number were prepared by in situ thermal polymerization. Their conductivity depends deeply on salt content, ambient temperature and negative charge number of the added salts. Results show that anions can be partly immobilized by increasing their negative charges at lower temperature. Against discharge time the short circuit current of the battery (Li/complex film/Li_x V_3O_8) is stabilized by increasing the anionic charge number of the complex.
