Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was c...Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.展开更多
Background: In Tanzania elders are respected as repositories of inherited wisdom, experienced and principal decision makers in the community. However, evidence shows that such repositories are no longer considered imp...Background: In Tanzania elders are respected as repositories of inherited wisdom, experienced and principal decision makers in the community. However, evidence shows that such repositories are no longer considered important in most societies. As a result elders are neglected with some mistreatment in terms of provision of health and social services for instance;at times they get denied and ignored of their obvious rights, ignoring their retirement benefits and the rights onto free social services as per the Tanzania National Ageing Policy of 2003. Elders are therefore faced with physical, psychological and geriatric social suffering. It is on this basis that this study tries to explore the common preventable health and social problems encountered by elderly in Shinyanga Region in northern part of Tanzania. Methods: Across sectional community based study of 465 subjects randomly selected was done in three wards of Kahama District. The district was selected randomly out of 8 districts of Shinyanga Region, structured questionnaires with both closed and opened endower used;the information was collected from house to house and other information collected from health facilities within the wards as every ward had one public health facility;subjects (respondents) were obtained using purposive sampling technique aiming at elderly with 60 years of age and above. Results: Kahama district has a population of approximately 36,014 of which 1500 (4%) are in the elderly age group of 60 years and above. The study population was 465 which is 30% (465/1500) of the geriatric population of Kahama. Among this group 5% were female while 41% were male and 53% (248/465) were married. 64% (297/465) were taking care of themselves, 32% (150/465) cared by relatives and 4% (18/465) cared by the community. Among the respondents, 40% (185/465) were affected by HIV/AIDs in one way or another either living with orphans whose parents died of HIV/AIDS or asking care of the infected patients within the family. It was also found that 73% of the geriatrics were not exempted from medical treatment fees so they had to pay for their medical care. However, only 32% were aware of getting free treatment and 61% of the study populations were not satisfied with the medical care provided at the public health facilities. The common diseases affecting this age group are: Eye problem 59% (273/465);Arthritis 52% (241/465);Dental problems 27% (124/465);Hypertension 23% (107/465);Backache 22% (105/465);Malaria 28% (132/465);Hearing problems 26% (121/645);Urinary tract Infection 35% (165/465);Depression 8% (36/465). Dementia was also a problem though we had no tools to confirm the diagnosis;some of the geriatrics had more than two diseases. Conclusion: The majority of the elderly age group in Kahama District are not aware of their rights that they deserve free treatment according to Tanzania policy, furthermore for assessment and screening of health problems. A majority of the elderly die prematurely due to preventable diseases and more than half of the diseases affecting geriatrics are preventable.展开更多
While achieving successes,the neoliberalist economic development model hasalso given rise to a series of grave problems,especially problem of social injusticeand polarization,which have begun to threaten Latin America...While achieving successes,the neoliberalist economic development model hasalso given rise to a series of grave problems,especially problem of social injusticeand polarization,which have begun to threaten Latin America’s social security andstability.展开更多
In the last 10 years, China has madeconsiderable progress in urbanization withincreasing numbers of both city and urbanpopulation. This has played a positive rolein promoting the country’s political, eco-nomic and cu...In the last 10 years, China has madeconsiderable progress in urbanization withincreasing numbers of both city and urbanpopulation. This has played a positive rolein promoting the country’s political, eco-nomic and cultural development. However,the process of urbanization has broughtalong new problems and contradictionswhich require theoretical exploration.Against this background, urban sociology,展开更多
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a stressful associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HPA) axis and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with history of CSA could have higher cortisol l...Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a stressful associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HPA) axis and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with history of CSA could have higher cortisol levels, as these have been associated with deleterious changes in brain regions involved in controlling social behavior and self-control. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship among basal cortisol levels, social skills and behavioral problems in adolescents with CSA by evaluating two groups: one consisting of 12 - 15-year-old girls with CSA (n = 23), the other healthy comparison adolescents with no history of child abuse (n = 23). Social skills and behavioral problems were assessed using the Social Skills Improvement System. Three saliva samples were collected from each participant. The girls with CSA had lower social skills and more behavioral problems, as well as, higher cortisol concentrations. Besides, these participants showed significant negative correlations among cortisol levels and social skills, as well as, positive correlations with behavioral problems scales. It is feasible to suggest that the social deficiencies observed in these participants with CSA are related to alterations of the HPA.展开更多
Socialization of meteorological services is important guarantee of servicing national major development strategy,strategic selection of adapting to national reform,urgent need of meeting the development of related ind...Socialization of meteorological services is important guarantee of servicing national major development strategy,strategic selection of adapting to national reform,urgent need of meeting the development of related industries,and necessary way of solving public demand on meticulous,targeted and personalized meteorological services. At present,socialization construction of meteorological services in China still has many problems,such as weak service capability of intelligent weather,inadequate and imbalanced urban-rural and regional development,insufficient sharing and opening of meteorological data,and deficient role of social organization. It should vigorously impel socialization of meteorological services by exploring sharing and opening mechanism of basic meteorological data,establishing policy,regulation and standard system adapting to socialization of meteorological services,establishing operation mechanism for socialization of meteorological services of government dominance combining market,enriching content and means of meteorological socialization service.展开更多
A quasi-variational inequality is proved in paracompact setting which generalizes the results of Zhou Chen andAubin. As applications, two existence theorems on the solutions of optimization problems and social equilib...A quasi-variational inequality is proved in paracompact setting which generalizes the results of Zhou Chen andAubin. As applications, two existence theorems on the solutions of optimization problems and social equilibria ofmetagames are showed which improve and extend the recent results of Kaczynski-Zeidan and Aubin.展开更多
Background: Negative impact on health from school disturbance due to asymmetric power relations such as discrimination and offensive treatment are frequent problems among students. This study sought to analyze associa...Background: Negative impact on health from school disturbance due to asymmetric power relations such as discrimination and offensive treatment are frequent problems among students. This study sought to analyze associations between occurrence of discrimination at schools, participation and psychosomatic problems. Methods: Pupils in grades 6 - 9 in ten schools in a northern Swedish municipality participated in the study. The frequency of discrimination at school was measured by six items: sex;culture or ethnicity;disability;religion beliefs;sexual preferences;and any other form of discrimination. The Social and Civic Objectives Scale (SCOS) was used for an estimation of the level of participation. The pupils’ health was measured by the PsychoSomatic Problem (PSP) scale. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for estimation of increased risk of PSP. The formula Z = d/s(d) was used to test mediation. Results: Two thirds of the boys and three fourths of the girls reported occurrences of discrimination at schools (p = 0.001). Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP among boys and girls as the mediating formula Z = d/s (d) was > ± 2 SD, -2.59 for boys and -39.27 for girls. Independent of each other, low participation and discrimination were associated with increased risk of PSP. Conclusion: Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP. The mediating effect was stronger in girls than in boys. There is a need for school health promotion programs focusing on participation in terms of democratic processes, communication and cooperation in the classroom.展开更多
以Web of Science核心合集数据库中的SCI、SSCI和A&HCI引文索引收录的1991-2023年1433篇英文文献为研究样本,使用CiteSpace可视化工具分析了近30年关于他心研究的发文情况、研究热点、前沿与发展趋势。研究发现,欧美国家是他心研究...以Web of Science核心合集数据库中的SCI、SSCI和A&HCI引文索引收录的1991-2023年1433篇英文文献为研究样本,使用CiteSpace可视化工具分析了近30年关于他心研究的发文情况、研究热点、前沿与发展趋势。研究发现,欧美国家是他心研究的主要阵地;哲学与心理学是他心研究的主要领域。研究热点论题包括心智理论、镜像神经元系统、自闭症谱系障碍等,并呈现出对共享意向性、文化进化、直接社会感知、交互式机器人、贝叶斯脑等前沿问题的争论与探索。研究趋势总体呈现出在交叉学科、多元理论背景下认识论与方法论的转变。展开更多
文摘Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.
文摘Background: In Tanzania elders are respected as repositories of inherited wisdom, experienced and principal decision makers in the community. However, evidence shows that such repositories are no longer considered important in most societies. As a result elders are neglected with some mistreatment in terms of provision of health and social services for instance;at times they get denied and ignored of their obvious rights, ignoring their retirement benefits and the rights onto free social services as per the Tanzania National Ageing Policy of 2003. Elders are therefore faced with physical, psychological and geriatric social suffering. It is on this basis that this study tries to explore the common preventable health and social problems encountered by elderly in Shinyanga Region in northern part of Tanzania. Methods: Across sectional community based study of 465 subjects randomly selected was done in three wards of Kahama District. The district was selected randomly out of 8 districts of Shinyanga Region, structured questionnaires with both closed and opened endower used;the information was collected from house to house and other information collected from health facilities within the wards as every ward had one public health facility;subjects (respondents) were obtained using purposive sampling technique aiming at elderly with 60 years of age and above. Results: Kahama district has a population of approximately 36,014 of which 1500 (4%) are in the elderly age group of 60 years and above. The study population was 465 which is 30% (465/1500) of the geriatric population of Kahama. Among this group 5% were female while 41% were male and 53% (248/465) were married. 64% (297/465) were taking care of themselves, 32% (150/465) cared by relatives and 4% (18/465) cared by the community. Among the respondents, 40% (185/465) were affected by HIV/AIDs in one way or another either living with orphans whose parents died of HIV/AIDS or asking care of the infected patients within the family. It was also found that 73% of the geriatrics were not exempted from medical treatment fees so they had to pay for their medical care. However, only 32% were aware of getting free treatment and 61% of the study populations were not satisfied with the medical care provided at the public health facilities. The common diseases affecting this age group are: Eye problem 59% (273/465);Arthritis 52% (241/465);Dental problems 27% (124/465);Hypertension 23% (107/465);Backache 22% (105/465);Malaria 28% (132/465);Hearing problems 26% (121/645);Urinary tract Infection 35% (165/465);Depression 8% (36/465). Dementia was also a problem though we had no tools to confirm the diagnosis;some of the geriatrics had more than two diseases. Conclusion: The majority of the elderly age group in Kahama District are not aware of their rights that they deserve free treatment according to Tanzania policy, furthermore for assessment and screening of health problems. A majority of the elderly die prematurely due to preventable diseases and more than half of the diseases affecting geriatrics are preventable.
文摘While achieving successes,the neoliberalist economic development model hasalso given rise to a series of grave problems,especially problem of social injusticeand polarization,which have begun to threaten Latin America’s social security andstability.
文摘In the last 10 years, China has madeconsiderable progress in urbanization withincreasing numbers of both city and urbanpopulation. This has played a positive rolein promoting the country’s political, eco-nomic and cultural development. However,the process of urbanization has broughtalong new problems and contradictionswhich require theoretical exploration.Against this background, urban sociology,
文摘Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a stressful associated with alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal (HPA) axis and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with history of CSA could have higher cortisol levels, as these have been associated with deleterious changes in brain regions involved in controlling social behavior and self-control. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship among basal cortisol levels, social skills and behavioral problems in adolescents with CSA by evaluating two groups: one consisting of 12 - 15-year-old girls with CSA (n = 23), the other healthy comparison adolescents with no history of child abuse (n = 23). Social skills and behavioral problems were assessed using the Social Skills Improvement System. Three saliva samples were collected from each participant. The girls with CSA had lower social skills and more behavioral problems, as well as, higher cortisol concentrations. Besides, these participants showed significant negative correlations among cortisol levels and social skills, as well as, positive correlations with behavioral problems scales. It is feasible to suggest that the social deficiencies observed in these participants with CSA are related to alterations of the HPA.
基金Supported by Soft Science Research Project of Hubei Meteorological Bureau in 2018(02)
文摘Socialization of meteorological services is important guarantee of servicing national major development strategy,strategic selection of adapting to national reform,urgent need of meeting the development of related industries,and necessary way of solving public demand on meticulous,targeted and personalized meteorological services. At present,socialization construction of meteorological services in China still has many problems,such as weak service capability of intelligent weather,inadequate and imbalanced urban-rural and regional development,insufficient sharing and opening of meteorological data,and deficient role of social organization. It should vigorously impel socialization of meteorological services by exploring sharing and opening mechanism of basic meteorological data,establishing policy,regulation and standard system adapting to socialization of meteorological services,establishing operation mechanism for socialization of meteorological services of government dominance combining market,enriching content and means of meteorological socialization service.
文摘A quasi-variational inequality is proved in paracompact setting which generalizes the results of Zhou Chen andAubin. As applications, two existence theorems on the solutions of optimization problems and social equilibria ofmetagames are showed which improve and extend the recent results of Kaczynski-Zeidan and Aubin.
文摘Background: Negative impact on health from school disturbance due to asymmetric power relations such as discrimination and offensive treatment are frequent problems among students. This study sought to analyze associations between occurrence of discrimination at schools, participation and psychosomatic problems. Methods: Pupils in grades 6 - 9 in ten schools in a northern Swedish municipality participated in the study. The frequency of discrimination at school was measured by six items: sex;culture or ethnicity;disability;religion beliefs;sexual preferences;and any other form of discrimination. The Social and Civic Objectives Scale (SCOS) was used for an estimation of the level of participation. The pupils’ health was measured by the PsychoSomatic Problem (PSP) scale. Multivariate logistic regression models were used for estimation of increased risk of PSP. The formula Z = d/s(d) was used to test mediation. Results: Two thirds of the boys and three fourths of the girls reported occurrences of discrimination at schools (p = 0.001). Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP among boys and girls as the mediating formula Z = d/s (d) was > ± 2 SD, -2.59 for boys and -39.27 for girls. Independent of each other, low participation and discrimination were associated with increased risk of PSP. Conclusion: Discrimination was a mediating factor between participation and PSP. The mediating effect was stronger in girls than in boys. There is a need for school health promotion programs focusing on participation in terms of democratic processes, communication and cooperation in the classroom.
文摘以Web of Science核心合集数据库中的SCI、SSCI和A&HCI引文索引收录的1991-2023年1433篇英文文献为研究样本,使用CiteSpace可视化工具分析了近30年关于他心研究的发文情况、研究热点、前沿与发展趋势。研究发现,欧美国家是他心研究的主要阵地;哲学与心理学是他心研究的主要领域。研究热点论题包括心智理论、镜像神经元系统、自闭症谱系障碍等,并呈现出对共享意向性、文化进化、直接社会感知、交互式机器人、贝叶斯脑等前沿问题的争论与探索。研究趋势总体呈现出在交叉学科、多元理论背景下认识论与方法论的转变。
