Electronic 3D printing possesses a remarkable molding ability and convenience in integrated circuits,flexible wearables,and individual automobile requirements.However,traditional 3D printing technology still struggles...Electronic 3D printing possesses a remarkable molding ability and convenience in integrated circuits,flexible wearables,and individual automobile requirements.However,traditional 3D printing technology still struggles to meet the demands of high precision and high efficiency in the process of fabricating a curved surface circuit,particularly achieving precise silver circuit molding on irregular substrates.Here,a high-precision and muti-scaled conformal manufacturing method for silver circuits is presented through the digital light processing(DLP)of ultraviolet-curable silver paste(UV-SP)with adjustable photocuring properties,enabling the successful preparation of micro-scaled conductive structure on the sharply skewed hook face.The minimum modeling depth and width of the cured silver paste can be well controlled to 10 and 88µm,respectively.Compared with traditional printing technology,the printing efficiency of complex patterns has increased by over 70%.The printed silver circuit demonstrates an exceptionally high electrical conductivity,reaching as high as 1.16×10^(7) S/m.Additionally,the UV-SP exhibits significant manufacturing efficiency and superior molding resolution compared to conventional direct ink writing and inkjet printing techniques,thereby contributing to the attainment of high precision and efficiency of conformal and micro-molding manufacturing in sensors,communication antennas,and other electronic devices based on curved substrates.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are...Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.展开更多
A Silver-catalyzed enantioselective[3+2]cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with activated alkenes by using a P-stereogenic ligand Ganphos is reported.The method provides an efficient strategy for the effective synthes...A Silver-catalyzed enantioselective[3+2]cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with activated alkenes by using a P-stereogenic ligand Ganphos is reported.The method provides an efficient strategy for the effective synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds containing a pyrroline motif.Notable features of this approach include good yields,remarkable enantioselectivity,as well as a broad substrate scope and significant step efficiency.展开更多
The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]T...The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.展开更多
Herein,a one-pot chemical reduction method was reported to prepare folic acid(FA)-stabilized silver nanoclusters(FA@Ag NCs),in which FA,hydrazine hydrate,and silver nitrate were used as capping agent,reducing agent,an...Herein,a one-pot chemical reduction method was reported to prepare folic acid(FA)-stabilized silver nanoclusters(FA@Ag NCs),in which FA,hydrazine hydrate,and silver nitrate were used as capping agent,reducing agent,and precursor,respectively.Several technologies were employed to investigate the structures and optical properties of FA@Ag NCs,including transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),fluorescence spectrometer,and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrometer.FA@Ag NCs were suggested to be highly dispersed and spherical with a size of around 2.8 nm.Moreover,the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of FA@Ag NCs were 370 and 447 nm,respectively.Under the optimal detection conditions,FA@Ag NCs could be used to effectively detect malachite green with the linear detection range of 0.5-200μmol·L^(-1).The detection limit was 0.084μmol·L^(-1).The fluorescence-quenching mechanism was ascribed to the static quenching.The detection system based on FA@AgNCs was successfully used for the detection of malachite green in actual samples with good accuracy and reproducibility.展开更多
Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synth...Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synthetic fibers, which trap heat and minimize heat loss. Resistance to wind, rain, and snow is provided by waterproof and windproof fabrics, while breathability allows moisture to escape, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. Air permeability and water resistance are essential for achieving this balance. This study examines two outdoor jacket prototypes with six material layers each. The outer layer (Layer 1) consists of 100% polyester coated with polyurethane for waterproofing. Inner layers (Layers 2, 3, and 6) use wool/cotton and wool/polyamide blends, offering insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Down feathers are used as the filling material, providing excellent warmth. Advanced materials like graphene and silver honeycomb fabrics were included to enhance thermal conductivity and regulate heat transfer. Performance testing focused on thermal conductivity, comfort (water and air permeability), and mechanical properties like tensile strength and tear resistance. Tests also assessed spray application and fastness to evaluate durability under environmental exposure. Results showed that jackets with silver-infused honeycomb fabrics had superior thermal conductivity, enabling better heat regulation and comfort in harsh conditions. The findings highlight the advantages of integrating silver honeycomb fabrics into outdoor jackets. These materials enhance insulation, thermal regulation, and overall comfort, making them ideal for high-performance designs. Incorporating such fabrics ensures functionality, durability, and user protection in extreme environments.展开更多
The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applyi...The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applying a coating of 11 alternating layers of an insoluble complex of tannic acid with polyvinyl alcohol on paper by the layerby-layer approach,on the surface of which uniformly distributed spherical silver nanoparticles of uniform size,mainly 20–30 nm,were synthesized by in situ reduction using tannic acid,which also acts as a stabilizer,or an external reducing agent,which prevented polyphenol oxidation.This gave an insight into which form-oxidized or reduced-ismore active against microorganisms.It was shown that sterilization was not required after the coating of the paper with tannic acid and silver nanoparticles.When combined,their activity against the studied bacteria-gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,as well as yeast Candida albicans was higher and lasting up to 7 days than when tannic acid and silver nanoparticles were used separately,indicating possible synergism in their action.展开更多
Objective:To develop chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and verify their antibacterial performance through animal experiments.Methods:Chitosan,silver nitrate,glacial acetic acid,an...Objective:To develop chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and verify their antibacterial performance through animal experiments.Methods:Chitosan,silver nitrate,glacial acetic acid,and other chemical reagents were used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles.The characterization,minimum inhibitory concentration,and biofilm inhibition rate of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles were tested.A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups.After routine adaptive feeding,the control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline;the model group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension;the positive group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with ampicillin at a volume ratio of 1∶1;the observation group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with chitosan-silver nanoparticles(at minimum inhibitory concentration)at a volume ratio of 1∶1.Bacterial load,inflammatory factors,and liver and kidney function indicators in tissues were observed and compared among the four groups on the 3^(rd)day after treatment.Results:When the concentration of chitosansilver nanoparticles reached 8μg/mL or above,the OD value of the experimental wells was close to that of the control wells,indicating that 8μg/mL was the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles;at concentrations of 8μg/mL or above,the biofilm inhibition rate was greater than 80%.The bacterial load in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).The expression levels of interleukin-6,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the observation group were significantly lower than those in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms constructed in this study exhibit good antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and have good safety.展开更多
Copper extraction from chalcopyrite is challenging,because acid dissolution is slow,occurring incongruently via a complex three-step reaction mechanism.Silver has been known to catalyse copper extraction from chalcopy...Copper extraction from chalcopyrite is challenging,because acid dissolution is slow,occurring incongruently via a complex three-step reaction mechanism.Silver has been known to catalyse copper extraction from chalcopyrite since the 1970's;yet the mechanism remains controversial.Microcharacterisation of experimental products obtained under optimal leaching conditions(50-150μm chalcopyrite grains in ferric/ferrous-sulfate solution with a redox potential around 500 mV vs.Ag/AgCl,approximately 1ppm Ag;[Ag]6.4×10^(−6)mol/L;70℃;4 days)highlights the heterogeneity of the reaction:µm-thick layers of a porous copper-sulfide with variable composition formed both in cracks within,and on the surface of the chalcopyrite grains.There is no evidence for formation of Ag-rich phases(Ag_(2)S_((s)),Ag_((s)^(0))).The fundamental three-step reaction mechanism remains the same with or without added silver;silver merely accelerates the initial dissolution step.An integrated model for the catalytic effect of silver is proposed that incorporates recent advances in the reactivity of sulfide minerals.The initial reaction follows a‘Fluid-Induced Solid State Diffusion Mechanism’,where diffusion of Fe in the chalcopyrite lattice is driven towards the surface by its rapid removal into solution,resulting in a Fe-deficient surface layer.The large Ag+ion,relative to Cu+/Fe3+,diffuses into this Fe-deficient surface layer and accelerates chalcopyrite dissolution in the subsequent step,whereby chalcopyrite is replaced by copper sulfides via an interface coupled dissolution reprecipitation reaction as a consequence of the sulfide-rich micro-environment at the mineral surface.Effective Ag+recycling is key to the catalytic effect of silver,and occurs as a result of the strong affinity of Ag+for bisulfide ligands accumulating at the surface of dissolving chalcopyrite.展开更多
In thefield of material sciences,nano-based formulations have attracted the attention of researchers,as they are highly suit-able for applications in differentfields.Conventionally,physical and chemical techniques have...In thefield of material sciences,nano-based formulations have attracted the attention of researchers,as they are highly suit-able for applications in differentfields.Conventionally,physical and chemical techniques have been employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).However,they use hazardous and poisonous ingredients,which are toxic to human health and the environment.Therefore,it necessitates the development of an eco-friendly and economical method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles.Biogenic AgNPs have been synthesized using plants and microorganisms due to the presence of reducing agents such as metabolites and enzymes in their extracts.The size,shape,and other properties of the biogenic AgNPs have been characterized using various biophysical techniques.AgNPs are widely used to treat infections and diseases in humans and plants.They have demonstrated antifungal and antibacterial activities and,therefore,have been applied in various therapeutic applications like the treatment of cancer,wound dressing,orthopedic and cardiovascular implants,and dental composites.Biogenic AgNPs have been applied for the remediation of environmental pollution,including that of water and air via the detoxification of synthetic dyes and other contaminants.They have improved seed germination and plant growth after application as nanofertilizers and nano-pesticides,as well as in masking the effects of stress.This review describes various biological routes used in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications in agricultural,environmental,and medicalfields.展开更多
[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR).[Methods]A total of 120 patie...[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR).[Methods]A total of 120 patients diagnosed with CSR who received treatment at the International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia between October 2021 and October 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups:A test group and a control group,with 60 patients in each group.The patients in the test group received Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy,following the principles of syndrome differentiation in Mongolian medicine.In contrast,the patients in the control group received only the Mongolian medicine silver needle therapy.After treatment,the Mongolian medicine syndrome scores,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,and total clinical therapeutic effects in the two groups of patients were compared both prior to and following the treatment.[Results]The improvement in VAS and Mongolian medicine syndrome scores in the test group was greater than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The scores of the test group surpassed those of the control group,and this difference was also statistically significant(P<0.05).Furthermore,the overall therapeutic effect in the test group was 93.33%,which was markedly higher than 76.67%observed in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The therapeutic effect of Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of CSR is remarkable.This approach has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating patient pain and improving the functionality of the cervical vertebrae,thereby warranting clinical promotion and application.展开更多
The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by...The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation method.MNMGH achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic field.The recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base additions.The selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective recovery.The in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional groups.Furthermore,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective reduction.Three-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery performance.This study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.展开更多
Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the el...Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the electroplating process,poses serious environmental pollution problems.It is necessary to seek new,green,and environmentally friendly coating processes while also enhancing the color palette of silver jewelry coatings.Titanium film layers were deposited on Ag925 and Ag999 surfaces using magnetron sputtering coating technology.The effects of sputtering time,substrate surface state,reaction gas type and time,and film thickness on the color of the film layers were studied,and the anti discoloration performance of the obtained film layers under the optimal process was tested.The experimental results show that when the sputtering time varies from 5 to 10 minutes,injecting argon,oxygen,and nitrogen into the coating chamber yields rich colors such as purple with a red tint,blue,yellow green,yellowish purple,and blue purple.The precise control of gas injection time has a significant impact on the color of the film layer.In terms of anti tarnish performance,the film showed good stability in the artificial sweat immersion test.From an environmental perspective,the magnetron sputtering titanium film process has no harmful gas or liquid emissions,which aligns with the sustainable development trend of the jewelry industry and holds great promise for application.This study has improved the visual effect and practical performance of the product,providing important theoretical basis and experimental data support for the application of environmentally friendly silver surface vacuum magnetron sputtering titanium thin film coating technology.展开更多
Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects ...Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes.Shoot tip explants(2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex(20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19),18 g/L sugar,2 g/L peptone,0.8 g/L activated charcoal,12.5 g/L potato extract,50 mL/L apple juice,and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 mg/L).After 10–12 weeks,shoot and root formation,plant height,fresh weight,leaf number,and chlorophyll contents were evaluated.At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs,shoot regeneration(5.4 vs.2.9 shoots per explant),root induction(2.1 vs.1.4 roots per explant),and shoot formation frequency(100%vs.55%)were significantly higher than the control(0 mg/L).Fresh weight(592.4 mg)and leaf number(9.7)also showed notable increases at this concentration.Although chlorophyll a and b levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L,the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant.These results suggest that 1.0mg/LAg-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in Phalaenopsis.The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.展开更多
Comparing to the conventional polyoxometalate(POM)-templated silver(Ag)clusters,asymmetrically covered POM-templated Ag clusters have been rarely reported.In this work,a new Ag cluster,H[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))Co_(4)(OH)_(...Comparing to the conventional polyoxometalate(POM)-templated silver(Ag)clusters,asymmetrically covered POM-templated Ag clusters have been rarely reported.In this work,a new Ag cluster,H[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))@Ag_(37)(^(t)BuC≡C)_(23)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(3)](Ag_(37)Co_(5)),has been successfully prepared using a facile solvothermal approach.Such a unique asymmetrical architecture is ascribed to the uneven charge distribution of the in situ generated[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))]^(6-)and[Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))]^(7-)moieties,leading to the asymmetrical coverage of alkynyl-protected Ag shell.Various physicochemical and catalytic studies revealed that the resulting solid-state Ag_(37)Co_(5) crystals exhibited interesting temperature-dependent photoluminescence property,efficient and recyclable photothermal conversion ability,and good catalytic activity towards the detoxication of 4-nitrophenol.展开更多
High-purity silver(Ag)is extensively utilized in electronics,aerospace,and other advanced industries due to its excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and machinability.However,the prohibitive material...High-purity silver(Ag)is extensively utilized in electronics,aerospace,and other advanced industries due to its excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and machinability.However,the prohibitive material cost poses substantial challenges for optimizing thermal processing parameters through repetitive experimental trials.In this work,hot compression experiments on high-purity silver were conducted using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The high temperature deformation behaviors,dynamic recovery(DRV)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of high-purity silver were studied by constructing an Arrhenius constitutive equation and developing thermal processing maps.The results show that plastic instability of high-purity silver occurs at high strain rates and the optimized hot processing parameters are the strain rate below 0.001 s^(−1) and the temperature of 340−400℃.Microstructural observations exhibit that DRV prefers to occur at lower deformation temperatures(e.g.,250℃).This is attributed to the low stacking fault energy of high-purity silver,which facilitates the decomposition of dislocations into partial dislocations and promotes high-density dislocation accumulation.Furthermore,DRX in high-purity silver becomes increasingly pronounced with increasing deformation temperature and reaches saturation at 350℃.展开更多
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candi...Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit,large-scale processability,and low cost.In this work,we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes,named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC,utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN)as the sandwiched material,while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer.The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45%with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V,a high filling factor of 75.4%,and an average visible transmittance(AVT)of 44.0%,delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 4.16%,which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs.In addition,by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC,the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7%to 99.4%,while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%.Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.展开更多
Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,ow...Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m^(2)·g^(-1),which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.展开更多
Driven by the accelerating global aging population and increasing health consciousness, compression stocking market is experiencing rapid growth. According to the latest data from Grand View Research, the global compr...Driven by the accelerating global aging population and increasing health consciousness, compression stocking market is experiencing rapid growth. According to the latest data from Grand View Research, the global compression therapy market reached $4.25 billion in 2024, with medical compression stockings, as a core segment, boasting a compound annual growth rate(CAGR) of nearly 6%.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51972079 and 52302062)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB370630202 and 2022YFB3706305).
文摘Electronic 3D printing possesses a remarkable molding ability and convenience in integrated circuits,flexible wearables,and individual automobile requirements.However,traditional 3D printing technology still struggles to meet the demands of high precision and high efficiency in the process of fabricating a curved surface circuit,particularly achieving precise silver circuit molding on irregular substrates.Here,a high-precision and muti-scaled conformal manufacturing method for silver circuits is presented through the digital light processing(DLP)of ultraviolet-curable silver paste(UV-SP)with adjustable photocuring properties,enabling the successful preparation of micro-scaled conductive structure on the sharply skewed hook face.The minimum modeling depth and width of the cured silver paste can be well controlled to 10 and 88µm,respectively.Compared with traditional printing technology,the printing efficiency of complex patterns has increased by over 70%.The printed silver circuit demonstrates an exceptionally high electrical conductivity,reaching as high as 1.16×10^(7) S/m.Additionally,the UV-SP exhibits significant manufacturing efficiency and superior molding resolution compared to conventional direct ink writing and inkjet printing techniques,thereby contributing to the attainment of high precision and efficiency of conformal and micro-molding manufacturing in sensors,communication antennas,and other electronic devices based on curved substrates.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52203209)the State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials,China(No.SWR-2022-009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.FRF-IDRY22-012)。
文摘Silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)have attracted attention in the field of biomaterials due to their excellent antibacterial property.However,the reducing and stabilizing agents used for the chemical reduction of Ag NPs are usually toxic and may cause water pollution.In this work,Ag NPs(31.2 nm in diameter)were prepared using the extract of straw,an agricultural waste,as the reducing and stabilizing agent.Experimental analysis revealed that the straw extract contained lignin,the structure of which possesses phenolic hydroxyl and methoxy groups that facilitate the reduction of silver salts into Ag NPs.The surfaces of Ag NPs were negatively charged due to the encapsulation of a thin layer of lignin molecules that prevented their aggregation.After the prepared Ag NPs were added to the precursor solution of acrylamide,free radical polymerization was triggered without the need for extra heating or light irradiation,resulting in the rapid formation of an Ag NP-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel.The inhibition zone test proved that the composite hydrogel possessed excellent antibacterial ability due to the presence of Ag NPs.The prepared hydrogel may have potential applications in the fabrication of biomedical materials,such as antibacterial dressings.
文摘A Silver-catalyzed enantioselective[3+2]cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with activated alkenes by using a P-stereogenic ligand Ganphos is reported.The method provides an efficient strategy for the effective synthesis of spirocyclic scaffolds containing a pyrroline motif.Notable features of this approach include good yields,remarkable enantioselectivity,as well as a broad substrate scope and significant step efficiency.
文摘The potent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is primarily attributed to the release of silver ions,which disrupt cell membranes and inactivate essential enzymes through Ag−S bonding formation.[Objective]To explore silver ion immobilization to minimize silver release.[Methods]A macrocyclic cryptand with nitrogen bridgeheads was prepared and subsequently chelated with silver ions to produce Cage silver(I),which was then coordinated with different ratios of sulfonated chitosan(SCS)to form SCS/Cage Ag(I)complexes(SCA1,SCA2,and SCA3).The antioxidant activities of the complexes were assessed by reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays.The antibacterial activities of the complexes were evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBCs)against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 and the inhibition rate on biofilm formation.[Results]Cage silver(I)exhibited strong antibacterial activity,with the MIC of 0.015 mg/mL and MBC of 0.031 mg/mL against S.aureus ATCC 6538,and the MIC of 0.031 mg/mL and MBC of 0.120 mg/mL against E.coli O157:H7.Significant antioxidant properties of Cage silver(I)were also observed,as demonstrated by the DPPH free radical scavenging rates of 42.2%and 53.1%at 326 nm and 517 nm,respectively.Cage silver(I)exhibited the highest antibacterial and antioxidant activities,followed by SCA1,SCA2,SCA3,and SCS,because the content of silver ions in Cage silver(I)was 10-fold higher than that in SCA1.The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of SCA1 were better than those of Cage silver(I),which further indicated that the sulfonic groups of SCS may intensely coordinate with silver ions to exert synergistic effects.[Conclusion]Combining the merits of silver ions and SCS improves the bioavailability of the agent at microbicidal concentrations,minimizes the accumulation in the environment,and reduces treatment costs.The method developed herein offers a sustainable approach to enhance microbial control while minimizing the impact on the environment.
文摘Herein,a one-pot chemical reduction method was reported to prepare folic acid(FA)-stabilized silver nanoclusters(FA@Ag NCs),in which FA,hydrazine hydrate,and silver nitrate were used as capping agent,reducing agent,and precursor,respectively.Several technologies were employed to investigate the structures and optical properties of FA@Ag NCs,including transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS),Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),fluorescence spectrometer,and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrometer.FA@Ag NCs were suggested to be highly dispersed and spherical with a size of around 2.8 nm.Moreover,the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of FA@Ag NCs were 370 and 447 nm,respectively.Under the optimal detection conditions,FA@Ag NCs could be used to effectively detect malachite green with the linear detection range of 0.5-200μmol·L^(-1).The detection limit was 0.084μmol·L^(-1).The fluorescence-quenching mechanism was ascribed to the static quenching.The detection system based on FA@AgNCs was successfully used for the detection of malachite green in actual samples with good accuracy and reproducibility.
文摘Outdoor jackets are engineered to protect against extreme weather while ensuring comfort and safety. Key to this protection is the thermal properties, achieved through insulation materials like down feathers and synthetic fibers, which trap heat and minimize heat loss. Resistance to wind, rain, and snow is provided by waterproof and windproof fabrics, while breathability allows moisture to escape, maintaining a comfortable microclimate. Air permeability and water resistance are essential for achieving this balance. This study examines two outdoor jacket prototypes with six material layers each. The outer layer (Layer 1) consists of 100% polyester coated with polyurethane for waterproofing. Inner layers (Layers 2, 3, and 6) use wool/cotton and wool/polyamide blends, offering insulation and moisture-wicking properties. Down feathers are used as the filling material, providing excellent warmth. Advanced materials like graphene and silver honeycomb fabrics were included to enhance thermal conductivity and regulate heat transfer. Performance testing focused on thermal conductivity, comfort (water and air permeability), and mechanical properties like tensile strength and tear resistance. Tests also assessed spray application and fastness to evaluate durability under environmental exposure. Results showed that jackets with silver-infused honeycomb fabrics had superior thermal conductivity, enabling better heat regulation and comfort in harsh conditions. The findings highlight the advantages of integrating silver honeycomb fabrics into outdoor jackets. These materials enhance insulation, thermal regulation, and overall comfort, making them ideal for high-performance designs. Incorporating such fabrics ensures functionality, durability, and user protection in extreme environments.
基金funded by the Russian Science Foundation,grant 22-13-00337.
文摘The main objective of the study was to prepare a highly active antimicrobial remedy by combining active agents such as tannic acid and silver nanoparticles,which are usually used separately.This was achieved by applying a coating of 11 alternating layers of an insoluble complex of tannic acid with polyvinyl alcohol on paper by the layerby-layer approach,on the surface of which uniformly distributed spherical silver nanoparticles of uniform size,mainly 20–30 nm,were synthesized by in situ reduction using tannic acid,which also acts as a stabilizer,or an external reducing agent,which prevented polyphenol oxidation.This gave an insight into which form-oxidized or reduced-ismore active against microorganisms.It was shown that sterilization was not required after the coating of the paper with tannic acid and silver nanoparticles.When combined,their activity against the studied bacteria-gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus,as well as yeast Candida albicans was higher and lasting up to 7 days than when tannic acid and silver nanoparticles were used separately,indicating possible synergism in their action.
文摘Objective:To develop chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and verify their antibacterial performance through animal experiments.Methods:Chitosan,silver nitrate,glacial acetic acid,and other chemical reagents were used to synthesize chitosan-silver nanoparticles.The characterization,minimum inhibitory concentration,and biofilm inhibition rate of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles were tested.A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups.After routine adaptive feeding,the control group received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline;the model group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension;the positive group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with ampicillin at a volume ratio of 1∶1;the observation group received intraperitoneal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension mixed with chitosan-silver nanoparticles(at minimum inhibitory concentration)at a volume ratio of 1∶1.Bacterial load,inflammatory factors,and liver and kidney function indicators in tissues were observed and compared among the four groups on the 3^(rd)day after treatment.Results:When the concentration of chitosansilver nanoparticles reached 8μg/mL or above,the OD value of the experimental wells was close to that of the control wells,indicating that 8μg/mL was the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chitosan-silver nanoparticles;at concentrations of 8μg/mL or above,the biofilm inhibition rate was greater than 80%.The bacterial load in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).The expression levels of interleukin-6,interferon-γ,and tumor necrosis factor-αin the observation group were significantly lower than those in the model and positive groups(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine levels among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:The chitosan-silver nanoparticles targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms constructed in this study exhibit good antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and have good safety.
基金supporting this work through an ARC linkage grant(LP190101230)Part of this work was funded by ARC DP220100500+2 种基金The authors acknowledge the use of the instruments and scientific and technical assistance at the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy,Monash University,a Microscopy Australia(ROR:042mm0k03)facility supported by NCRISThis research used equipment funded by Australian Research Council grant(s)(LE200100132,LE110100223).
文摘Copper extraction from chalcopyrite is challenging,because acid dissolution is slow,occurring incongruently via a complex three-step reaction mechanism.Silver has been known to catalyse copper extraction from chalcopyrite since the 1970's;yet the mechanism remains controversial.Microcharacterisation of experimental products obtained under optimal leaching conditions(50-150μm chalcopyrite grains in ferric/ferrous-sulfate solution with a redox potential around 500 mV vs.Ag/AgCl,approximately 1ppm Ag;[Ag]6.4×10^(−6)mol/L;70℃;4 days)highlights the heterogeneity of the reaction:µm-thick layers of a porous copper-sulfide with variable composition formed both in cracks within,and on the surface of the chalcopyrite grains.There is no evidence for formation of Ag-rich phases(Ag_(2)S_((s)),Ag_((s)^(0))).The fundamental three-step reaction mechanism remains the same with or without added silver;silver merely accelerates the initial dissolution step.An integrated model for the catalytic effect of silver is proposed that incorporates recent advances in the reactivity of sulfide minerals.The initial reaction follows a‘Fluid-Induced Solid State Diffusion Mechanism’,where diffusion of Fe in the chalcopyrite lattice is driven towards the surface by its rapid removal into solution,resulting in a Fe-deficient surface layer.The large Ag+ion,relative to Cu+/Fe3+,diffuses into this Fe-deficient surface layer and accelerates chalcopyrite dissolution in the subsequent step,whereby chalcopyrite is replaced by copper sulfides via an interface coupled dissolution reprecipitation reaction as a consequence of the sulfide-rich micro-environment at the mineral surface.Effective Ag+recycling is key to the catalytic effect of silver,and occurs as a result of the strong affinity of Ag+for bisulfide ligands accumulating at the surface of dissolving chalcopyrite.
文摘In thefield of material sciences,nano-based formulations have attracted the attention of researchers,as they are highly suit-able for applications in differentfields.Conventionally,physical and chemical techniques have been employed to synthesize silver nanoparticles(AgNPs).However,they use hazardous and poisonous ingredients,which are toxic to human health and the environment.Therefore,it necessitates the development of an eco-friendly and economical method for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles.Biogenic AgNPs have been synthesized using plants and microorganisms due to the presence of reducing agents such as metabolites and enzymes in their extracts.The size,shape,and other properties of the biogenic AgNPs have been characterized using various biophysical techniques.AgNPs are widely used to treat infections and diseases in humans and plants.They have demonstrated antifungal and antibacterial activities and,therefore,have been applied in various therapeutic applications like the treatment of cancer,wound dressing,orthopedic and cardiovascular implants,and dental composites.Biogenic AgNPs have been applied for the remediation of environmental pollution,including that of water and air via the detoxification of synthetic dyes and other contaminants.They have improved seed germination and plant growth after application as nanofertilizers and nano-pesticides,as well as in masking the effects of stress.This review describes various biological routes used in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications in agricultural,environmental,and medicalfields.
基金Supported by Project of Science and Technology Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2019GG125).
文摘[Objectives]To observe the clinical efficacy of Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy(CSR).[Methods]A total of 120 patients diagnosed with CSR who received treatment at the International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia between October 2021 and October 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups:A test group and a control group,with 60 patients in each group.The patients in the test group received Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy,following the principles of syndrome differentiation in Mongolian medicine.In contrast,the patients in the control group received only the Mongolian medicine silver needle therapy.After treatment,the Mongolian medicine syndrome scores,visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,and total clinical therapeutic effects in the two groups of patients were compared both prior to and following the treatment.[Results]The improvement in VAS and Mongolian medicine syndrome scores in the test group was greater than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).The scores of the test group surpassed those of the control group,and this difference was also statistically significant(P<0.05).Furthermore,the overall therapeutic effect in the test group was 93.33%,which was markedly higher than 76.67%observed in the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The therapeutic effect of Mongolian medicine silver needle combined with cupping and bloodletting therapy in the treatment of CSR is remarkable.This approach has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating patient pain and improving the functionality of the cervical vertebrae,thereby warranting clinical promotion and application.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52170087,22276137).
文摘The mainstream silver recovery has problems such as resource waste,weak silver selectivity,and complicated operation.Here,self-propelled magnetic enhanced capture hydrogel(magnetic NbFeB/MXene/GO,MNMGH)was prepared by self-crosslinking encapsulation method.MNMGH achieved high selectivity(K_(d)=23.31 mL/g)in the acidic range,and exhibited ultrahigh silver recovery capacity(1604.8 mg/g),which greatly improved by 66%with the assistance of in-situ magnetic field.The recovered silver crystals could be directly physically exfoliated,without acid/base additions.The selective sieving effect of adsorption,MNMGH preferentially adsorbed Ag(I),and then selectively reduced to Ag(0),realizing dual-selective recovery.The in-situ magnetic field enhanced selective adsorption by enhancing mass transfer,reactivity of oxygen-containing functional groups.Furthermore,density function theory simulations demonstrated that the in-situ magnetic field could lower the silver reduction reaction energy barrier to enhance the selective reduction.Three-drive synergy system(reduction drive,adsorption drive and magnetic drive)achieved ultrahigh silver recovery performance.This study pioneered an in-situ magnetic field assisted enhancement strategy for dual-selective(adsorption/reduction)recovery of precious metal silver,which provided new idea for low-carbon recovery of noble metal from industrial waste liquids.
文摘Silver is an elegant white precious metal,but it is easily oxidized by O3,SO2,and H2S in the air,turning yellow or dark,which affects its decorative effect.The existing silver coating,primarily prepared through the electroplating process,poses serious environmental pollution problems.It is necessary to seek new,green,and environmentally friendly coating processes while also enhancing the color palette of silver jewelry coatings.Titanium film layers were deposited on Ag925 and Ag999 surfaces using magnetron sputtering coating technology.The effects of sputtering time,substrate surface state,reaction gas type and time,and film thickness on the color of the film layers were studied,and the anti discoloration performance of the obtained film layers under the optimal process was tested.The experimental results show that when the sputtering time varies from 5 to 10 minutes,injecting argon,oxygen,and nitrogen into the coating chamber yields rich colors such as purple with a red tint,blue,yellow green,yellowish purple,and blue purple.The precise control of gas injection time has a significant impact on the color of the film layer.In terms of anti tarnish performance,the film showed good stability in the artificial sweat immersion test.From an environmental perspective,the magnetron sputtering titanium film process has no harmful gas or liquid emissions,which aligns with the sustainable development trend of the jewelry industry and holds great promise for application.This study has improved the visual effect and practical performance of the product,providing important theoretical basis and experimental data support for the application of environmentally friendly silver surface vacuum magnetron sputtering titanium thin film coating technology.
文摘Phalaenopsis orchids are economically important ornamental crops;however,their commercial micropropagation is often limited by poor rooting efficiency and inconsistent growth.In this study,we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles(Ag-NPs)on the in vitro regeneration and growth of Phalaenopsis cultivar 611B to determine the optimal concentration of Ag-NPs for improved micropropagation outcomes.Shoot tip explants(2–3 mm)—derived from protocorm-like bodies were cultured on a regeneration medium containing Hyponex(20:20:20 and 6.5:6.5:19),18 g/L sugar,2 g/L peptone,0.8 g/L activated charcoal,12.5 g/L potato extract,50 mL/L apple juice,and 10 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BA),with varying concentrations of Ag-NPs(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,and 2.5 mg/L).After 10–12 weeks,shoot and root formation,plant height,fresh weight,leaf number,and chlorophyll contents were evaluated.At 1.0 mg/L Ag-NPs,shoot regeneration(5.4 vs.2.9 shoots per explant),root induction(2.1 vs.1.4 roots per explant),and shoot formation frequency(100%vs.55%)were significantly higher than the control(0 mg/L).Fresh weight(592.4 mg)and leaf number(9.7)also showed notable increases at this concentration.Although chlorophyll a and b levels peaked at 2.0 mg/L,the difference from 1.0 mg/L was not statistically significant.These results suggest that 1.0mg/LAg-NPs is the optimal concentration for enhancing shoot and root development and improving overall plantlet quality in Phalaenopsis.The findings highlight the potential of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of orchid tissue culture systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871025,21831001)the Recruitment Program of Global Experts(Young Talents)Beijing Institute of Technology(BIT)Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund.
文摘Comparing to the conventional polyoxometalate(POM)-templated silver(Ag)clusters,asymmetrically covered POM-templated Ag clusters have been rarely reported.In this work,a new Ag cluster,H[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))@Ag_(37)(^(t)BuC≡C)_(23)(NO_(3))_(2)(DMF)_(3)](Ag_(37)Co_(5)),has been successfully prepared using a facile solvothermal approach.Such a unique asymmetrical architecture is ascribed to the uneven charge distribution of the in situ generated[Co(SiW_(11)O_(39))]^(6-)and[Co_(4)(OH)_(3)(NO_(3))_(2)(SiW_(9)O_(34))]^(7-)moieties,leading to the asymmetrical coverage of alkynyl-protected Ag shell.Various physicochemical and catalytic studies revealed that the resulting solid-state Ag_(37)Co_(5) crystals exhibited interesting temperature-dependent photoluminescence property,efficient and recyclable photothermal conversion ability,and good catalytic activity towards the detoxication of 4-nitrophenol.
基金Project(52274369)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘High-purity silver(Ag)is extensively utilized in electronics,aerospace,and other advanced industries due to its excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and machinability.However,the prohibitive material cost poses substantial challenges for optimizing thermal processing parameters through repetitive experimental trials.In this work,hot compression experiments on high-purity silver were conducted using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The high temperature deformation behaviors,dynamic recovery(DRV)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of high-purity silver were studied by constructing an Arrhenius constitutive equation and developing thermal processing maps.The results show that plastic instability of high-purity silver occurs at high strain rates and the optimized hot processing parameters are the strain rate below 0.001 s^(−1) and the temperature of 340−400℃.Microstructural observations exhibit that DRV prefers to occur at lower deformation temperatures(e.g.,250℃).This is attributed to the low stacking fault energy of high-purity silver,which facilitates the decomposition of dislocations into partial dislocations and promotes high-density dislocation accumulation.Furthermore,DRX in high-purity silver becomes increasingly pronounced with increasing deformation temperature and reaches saturation at 350℃.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905137)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(15307922,C5037-18G,C4005-22Y)+1 种基金RGC Senior Research Fellowship Scheme(SRFS2223-5S01)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University:Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)。
文摘Semitransparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)for building integration represent a pivotal direction in the development of photovoltaic industry.Solution-processed silver nanowires(AgNWs)are considered promising candidates for transparent electrodes in semitransparent devices due to their high transparency-conductivity-efficiency merit,large-scale processability,and low cost.In this work,we develop two solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electrodes,named AgNWs-PD and AgNWsPC,utilizing AgNWs as the conductive framework and aliphatic amine-functionalized perylene-diimide(PDINN)as the sandwiched material,while AgNWs-PC exhibits significantly improved electrical conductivity and enhanced contact area with the underlying electron transport layer.The optimized device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 9.45%with an open circuit voltage of 0.846 V,a high filling factor of 75.4%,and an average visible transmittance(AVT)of 44.0%,delivering an outstanding light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 4.16%,which is the highest reported value for all solution-processed ST-OPVs.In addition,by coupling a 30-nm tellurium dioxide atop AgNWs-PC,the bifaciality factor of derivative devices improves from 73.7%to 99.4%,while maintaining a high bifacial LUE over 3.7%.Our results emphasize the superiority and effectiveness of PDINN-sandwiched AgNWs electrodes for highperformance and all solution-processed ST-OPVs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075125 and 52105331)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515010591)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.JCYJ20210324124203009,JSGG20201102154600003,GXWD20231130103814001,GXWD20220721182229001)
文摘Silver paste is widely used in power electronics as a die-attach material owing to its low-temperature sinterability,high melting point,and excellent electrical and thermal conductivities in sintered joints.However,owing to the mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)between the joints and chip,the high Young's modulus of sintered silver hinders the mitigation of the high thermal stress generated during the operation of power modules,which increases the susceptibility of sintered joints to cracking,thereby leading to potential failure.This study developed a facile approach to synthesizing bayberry-like Ag microparticles(AgMPs)through the in situ assembly of silver nanorods,resulting in a uniform distribution of nanoscale structures and mesopores on the particle surface.These particles exhibited a high specific surface area of 2.5389 m^(2)·g^(-1),which enhanced theirsintering activity,enabling sintering to occur at 149.7℃.Furthermore,the porous structure of the AgMPs effectively reduced the density of joints formed by sintering AgMP paste,thereby lowering the Young's modulus of the joints.The small grain size and intricate internal substructure of the joints yielded high shear strength,which reached112.50 MPa at 250℃.The Young's modulus could be adjusted,and the pores provided by the AgMPs maintained the Young's modulus within a low range(15.11-29.61GPa),effectively mitigating thermal stress.These new bayberry-like porous AgMPs offer a promising option for die-attach materials in electronic packaging.
文摘Driven by the accelerating global aging population and increasing health consciousness, compression stocking market is experiencing rapid growth. According to the latest data from Grand View Research, the global compression therapy market reached $4.25 billion in 2024, with medical compression stockings, as a core segment, boasting a compound annual growth rate(CAGR) of nearly 6%.
