The effect of nitric oxide（NO） annealing on charge traps in the oxide insulator and transition layer in n-type4H–Si C metal–oxide–semiconductor（MOS） devices has been investigated using the time-dependent bias s...The effect of nitric oxide（NO） annealing on charge traps in the oxide insulator and transition layer in n-type4H–Si C metal–oxide–semiconductor（MOS） devices has been investigated using the time-dependent bias stress（TDBS）,capacitance–voltage（C–V）,and secondary ion mass spectroscopy（SIMS）.It is revealed that two main categories of charge traps,near interface oxide traps（Nniot） and oxide traps（Not）,have different responses to the TDBS and C–V characteristics in NO-annealed and Ar-annealed samples.The Nniotare mainly responsible for the hysteresis occurring in the bidirectional C–V characteristics,which are very close to the semiconductor interface and can readily exchange charges with the inner semiconductor.However,Not is mainly responsible for the TDBS induced C–V shifts.Electrons tunneling into the Not are hardly released quickly when suffering TDBS,resulting in the problem of the threshold voltage stability.Compared with the Ar-annealed sample,Nniotcan be significantly suppressed by the NO annealing,but there is little improvement of Not.SIMS results demonstrate that the Nniotare distributed within the transition layer,which correlated with the existence of the excess silicon.During the NO annealing process,the excess Si atoms incorporate into nitrogen in the transition layer,allowing better relaxation of the interface strain and effectively reducing the width of the transition layer and the density of Nniot.展开更多
The interaction between single-molecule(SM)fluorescence and transparent conductive oxide interface presents unique oppor-tunities for studying molecular motion dynamics and conformational changes.In this study,we inve...The interaction between single-molecule(SM)fluorescence and transparent conductive oxide interface presents unique oppor-tunities for studying molecular motion dynamics and conformational changes.In this study,we investigate the quenching effect of indium-tin oxide(ITO)on SM fluorescence,focusing on the fluorescent dye Cy3 tethered to the 3′-end of single-stranded DNA(ssDNA).By examining the brightness variations of single Cy3 molecules,we are able to distinguish Cy3-ssDNA covalently attached onto the ITO surface from the case of adsorption.Additionally,we can evaluate the molecular motion dynamics of single ssDNA molecules of varying lengths and conformations on the ITO surface.We believe that our findings make significant contributions to the understanding of molecular interactions at ITO interfaces and offer valuable insights into the potential applications of novel fluorophore motion-and orientation-based biosensing strategies.展开更多
Photothermal catalytic CO_(2)hydrogenation is an effective means of utilizing carbon resources. However, it is severely limited in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. Therefore, it is necessary to meticulously desig...Photothermal catalytic CO_(2)hydrogenation is an effective means of utilizing carbon resources. However, it is severely limited in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. Therefore, it is necessary to meticulously design catalysts to solve this problem. Herein, a sandwich structured Ni O@In Ni/In_(2)O_(3)is designed to intrinsically regulate the direction of photogenerated carriers transfer,resulting in a CO yield of 42.97 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)(1290.3 μmol h^(-1)) with a selectivity near to 100%. In Ni alloy favors the collection of photogenerated carriers by the parallel way and enhancement of the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)molecules. NiO grown on the surface of In Ni alloy not only improves the adsorption of H_(2)and provides sufficient H^(+)for the reaction, but also makes In Ni alloy more stable during the reaction process. The photothermal effect caused by In_(2)O_(3)accelerates the transfer of photogenerated carriers and increases the surface temperature of the catalyst, thereby synergistically promoting the reaction from a kinetic perspective. This work ameliorates the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of the photothermal catalytic CO_(2)hydrogenation process through rationally designing the electron transfer direction of the sandwich structured catalysts to parallel way.展开更多
Controlling the charge transfer and thus enhancing the excitons’lifetime are the key to the realization of efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)devices.Moreover,fabrication of flexible and collapsible sensors can great...Controlling the charge transfer and thus enhancing the excitons’lifetime are the key to the realization of efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)devices.Moreover,fabrication of flexible and collapsible sensors can greatly facilitate the implementation of smart PEC sensing devices into practical applications.Herein,we sagely designed and successfully fabricated three-dimensional flexible Au nanoparticles-decorated TiO_(2) nanotube arrays(Au@TiO2)for the efficient PEC biosensing of glucose.The Schottky barrier derived from the Au@TiO2 heterostructure efficiently separates the charge carriers at the junction interfaces,thus greatly increasing the concentration and lifetime of holes left in the valence band of TiO2.The separated holes further evidently generate the active hydroxyl radicals,which can specifically recognize and oxidize glucose.As a result,Au@TiO_(2) exhibits excellent photoelectric activity and selectivity,far superior to TiO_(2) without decorated Au nanoparticles.In addition,such asymmetric Au@TiO_(2) system has been proved to feature the intrinsic flexibility nature,since its PEC biosensing performance is almost unaffected under indirect light irradiation and serious tensile strain.展开更多
The thermodynamic adhesion between a metal and a ceramic crystal was believed to be the result of theelectron transfer from the metal into the cerainic crystal. From an electronic point of view, such an electrontransf...The thermodynamic adhesion between a metal and a ceramic crystal was believed to be the result of theelectron transfer from the metal into the cerainic crystal. From an electronic point of view, such an electrontransfer at the metal/ceramic interface may be represented by the tunnelling of the metal conduction electron into the ceramic bandgap. Theoretical analysis of the quantum tunnelling process at an intimate rnetal-semicon-ductor contact were performed . and the relationship between adhesion energies and Schottky barrier heights ofvarious metal/semiconductor or insulator interfaces was dcduced .展开更多
The tribovoltaic effect represents a newly discovered semiconductor effect for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion.However,the semiconductor interfaces are typically susceptible to environmental multi-physics f...The tribovoltaic effect represents a newly discovered semiconductor effect for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion.However,the semiconductor interfaces are typically susceptible to environmental multi-physics fields,such as illumination,temperature,and humidity,which can affect the energy conversion process of the tribovoltaic effect.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current research status of the environmental multi-physics coupled tribovoltaic effect for energy harvesting.We summarize the electrical output characteristics of tribovoltaic nanogenerators(TVNGs)in various physical field environments and the impact mechanisms of these fields on electrical performance,demonstrating their ability to capture and convert a wide range of mechanical energies,including wind,rain,waves,and illumination.We discuss the fundamental principles underlying these devices,their potential applications,and the key chal-lenges and opportunities for future development.This review deepens our understanding of the energy harvesting mechanism of the tribovoltaic effect in multi-physics coupling.Adopting a multi-physics energy harvesting strategy not only broadens the scope and efficiency of energy harvesting but also drives the development of novel energy conversion devices,proposing fresh ideas for future innovations in sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61404098 and 61274079)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20130203120017)+2 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2015CB759600)the National Grid Science&Technology Project,China(Grant No.SGRI-WD-71-14-018)the Key Specific Project in the National Science&Technology Program,China(Grant Nos.2013ZX02305002-002 and 2015CB759600)
文摘The effect of nitric oxide（NO） annealing on charge traps in the oxide insulator and transition layer in n-type4H–Si C metal–oxide–semiconductor（MOS） devices has been investigated using the time-dependent bias stress（TDBS）,capacitance–voltage（C–V）,and secondary ion mass spectroscopy（SIMS）.It is revealed that two main categories of charge traps,near interface oxide traps（Nniot） and oxide traps（Not）,have different responses to the TDBS and C–V characteristics in NO-annealed and Ar-annealed samples.The Nniotare mainly responsible for the hysteresis occurring in the bidirectional C–V characteristics,which are very close to the semiconductor interface and can readily exchange charges with the inner semiconductor.However,Not is mainly responsible for the TDBS induced C–V shifts.Electrons tunneling into the Not are hardly released quickly when suffering TDBS,resulting in the problem of the threshold voltage stability.Compared with the Ar-annealed sample,Nniotcan be significantly suppressed by the NO annealing,but there is little improvement of Not.SIMS results demonstrate that the Nniotare distributed within the transition layer,which correlated with the existence of the excess silicon.During the NO annealing process,the excess Si atoms incorporate into nitrogen in the transition layer,allowing better relaxation of the interface strain and effectively reducing the width of the transition layer and the density of Nniot.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22274032).
文摘The interaction between single-molecule(SM)fluorescence and transparent conductive oxide interface presents unique oppor-tunities for studying molecular motion dynamics and conformational changes.In this study,we investigate the quenching effect of indium-tin oxide(ITO)on SM fluorescence,focusing on the fluorescent dye Cy3 tethered to the 3′-end of single-stranded DNA(ssDNA).By examining the brightness variations of single Cy3 molecules,we are able to distinguish Cy3-ssDNA covalently attached onto the ITO surface from the case of adsorption.Additionally,we can evaluate the molecular motion dynamics of single ssDNA molecules of varying lengths and conformations on the ITO surface.We believe that our findings make significant contributions to the understanding of molecular interactions at ITO interfaces and offer valuable insights into the potential applications of novel fluorophore motion-and orientation-based biosensing strategies.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA1500704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22372116)。
文摘Photothermal catalytic CO_(2)hydrogenation is an effective means of utilizing carbon resources. However, it is severely limited in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. Therefore, it is necessary to meticulously design catalysts to solve this problem. Herein, a sandwich structured Ni O@In Ni/In_(2)O_(3)is designed to intrinsically regulate the direction of photogenerated carriers transfer,resulting in a CO yield of 42.97 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)(1290.3 μmol h^(-1)) with a selectivity near to 100%. In Ni alloy favors the collection of photogenerated carriers by the parallel way and enhancement of the adsorption and activation of CO_(2)molecules. NiO grown on the surface of In Ni alloy not only improves the adsorption of H_(2)and provides sufficient H^(+)for the reaction, but also makes In Ni alloy more stable during the reaction process. The photothermal effect caused by In_(2)O_(3)accelerates the transfer of photogenerated carriers and increases the surface temperature of the catalyst, thereby synergistically promoting the reaction from a kinetic perspective. This work ameliorates the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of the photothermal catalytic CO_(2)hydrogenation process through rationally designing the electron transfer direction of the sandwich structured catalysts to parallel way.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61764003 and 51462008)the Major Science and Technology Planning Project of Hainan Province(No.ZDKJ201810)。
文摘Controlling the charge transfer and thus enhancing the excitons’lifetime are the key to the realization of efficient photoelectrochemical(PEC)devices.Moreover,fabrication of flexible and collapsible sensors can greatly facilitate the implementation of smart PEC sensing devices into practical applications.Herein,we sagely designed and successfully fabricated three-dimensional flexible Au nanoparticles-decorated TiO_(2) nanotube arrays(Au@TiO2)for the efficient PEC biosensing of glucose.The Schottky barrier derived from the Au@TiO2 heterostructure efficiently separates the charge carriers at the junction interfaces,thus greatly increasing the concentration and lifetime of holes left in the valence band of TiO2.The separated holes further evidently generate the active hydroxyl radicals,which can specifically recognize and oxidize glucose.As a result,Au@TiO_(2) exhibits excellent photoelectric activity and selectivity,far superior to TiO_(2) without decorated Au nanoparticles.In addition,such asymmetric Au@TiO_(2) system has been proved to feature the intrinsic flexibility nature,since its PEC biosensing performance is almost unaffected under indirect light irradiation and serious tensile strain.
文摘The thermodynamic adhesion between a metal and a ceramic crystal was believed to be the result of theelectron transfer from the metal into the cerainic crystal. From an electronic point of view, such an electrontransfer at the metal/ceramic interface may be represented by the tunnelling of the metal conduction electron into the ceramic bandgap. Theoretical analysis of the quantum tunnelling process at an intimate rnetal-semicon-ductor contact were performed . and the relationship between adhesion energies and Schottky barrier heights ofvarious metal/semiconductor or insulator interfaces was dcduced .
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3232019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62104020 and 52450006).
文摘The tribovoltaic effect represents a newly discovered semiconductor effect for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion.However,the semiconductor interfaces are typically susceptible to environmental multi-physics fields,such as illumination,temperature,and humidity,which can affect the energy conversion process of the tribovoltaic effect.In this review,we provide a comprehensive overview of the current research status of the environmental multi-physics coupled tribovoltaic effect for energy harvesting.We summarize the electrical output characteristics of tribovoltaic nanogenerators(TVNGs)in various physical field environments and the impact mechanisms of these fields on electrical performance,demonstrating their ability to capture and convert a wide range of mechanical energies,including wind,rain,waves,and illumination.We discuss the fundamental principles underlying these devices,their potential applications,and the key chal-lenges and opportunities for future development.This review deepens our understanding of the energy harvesting mechanism of the tribovoltaic effect in multi-physics coupling.Adopting a multi-physics energy harvesting strategy not only broadens the scope and efficiency of energy harvesting but also drives the development of novel energy conversion devices,proposing fresh ideas for future innovations in sustainable energy solutions.
