To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by ...To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by 2025[2,3].The authors appropriately ascribed the need to ramp up surveillance,WASH(water,sanitation,and hygiene),and veterinary efforts.In this letter,I would like to add to the discussion that the key to achieving schistosomiasis elimination may be strengthening the veterinary public health sector and framing mitigation efforts within the One Health lens.Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infection is a zoonotic disease and it affects more than 40 species of animals,including livestock animals like cattle,pigs,and water buffaloes,and pets like dogs[4].In the Philippines,the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs remains largely unknown in most endemic areas due to the lack of concerted epidemiological efforts unlike what is being done in human hosts.In areas where studies have been done,infection rates are from less than 10%to 97%in water buffaloes tested[5-7].Indeed,as Abeleda et al.[1]argued,there is a need to do better on this front.展开更多
The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. W...The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.展开更多
[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracam...[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.展开更多
目的:探讨跨膜蛋白9(transmembrane protein 9,TMEM9)作为促癌基因在前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)中的表达情况,并通过干预其表达探究对PCa细胞增殖、侵袭的影响,以及对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路及PCa细胞自噬的影响。方法:采用癌症基...目的:探讨跨膜蛋白9(transmembrane protein 9,TMEM9)作为促癌基因在前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)中的表达情况,并通过干预其表达探究对PCa细胞增殖、侵袭的影响,以及对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路及PCa细胞自噬的影响。方法:采用癌症基因组图谱泛癌分析TMEM9在不同肿瘤中表达水平,临床PCa和前列腺增生标本中分析TMEM9的蛋白和信使核糖核酸(messenger ribonucleic acid,mRNA)水平。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应和蛋白质免疫印记分析TMEM9在不同PCa细胞系中的表达水平。细胞计数实验分析细胞增殖,TUNEL染色分析凋亡,Transwell检测PCa的侵袭。裸鼠皮下成瘤分析肿瘤体内增殖情况。蛋白质免疫印记分析自噬相关通路蛋白的表达情况,透射电子显微镜和免疫荧光共定位检测自噬小体和溶酶体细胞共定位。结果:TMEM9在PCa中高表达。PCa组织中TMEM9的mRNA和蛋白水平的表达高于前列腺增生组织。TMEM9在PC3细胞(人PCa细胞)中表达量最高(t=17.150,P<0.01),敲低TMEM9的PC3细胞增殖(t=3.165,P<0.05)、侵袭(F=76.620,P<0.01)明显减弱,凋亡率明显增高(t=13.530,P<0.01)。敲低TMEM9后裸鼠皮下肿瘤的体积减小(F=1699.000,P<0.01),质量减轻(t=9.057,P<0.01),肿瘤生长受抑制。TMEM9可调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路并抑制AKT-mTOR信号通路来促进PCa自噬。结论:TMEM9抑制AKT-mTOR信号通路通过自噬促进PCa细胞的增殖和侵袭。展开更多
文摘To the Editor:Abeleda et al.[1]recently argued in a perspective article that the Philippines should do better in order to achieve its goal of reducing schistosomiasis incidence to zero in humans,animals,and snails by 2025[2,3].The authors appropriately ascribed the need to ramp up surveillance,WASH(water,sanitation,and hygiene),and veterinary efforts.In this letter,I would like to add to the discussion that the key to achieving schistosomiasis elimination may be strengthening the veterinary public health sector and framing mitigation efforts within the One Health lens.Schistosoma(S.)japonicum infection is a zoonotic disease and it affects more than 40 species of animals,including livestock animals like cattle,pigs,and water buffaloes,and pets like dogs[4].In the Philippines,the prevalence of infection in animal reservoirs remains largely unknown in most endemic areas due to the lack of concerted epidemiological efforts unlike what is being done in human hosts.In areas where studies have been done,infection rates are from less than 10%to 97%in water buffaloes tested[5-7].Indeed,as Abeleda et al.[1]argued,there is a need to do better on this front.
文摘The circumscriptions of sections Auganthus Pax ex Balf. f. and Ranunculoides Chen et C. M. Hu in the genus Primula L. have been controversial, due to the different treatments of P. filchnerae Knuth. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using sequences from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. All five species of these two sections and some representatives of other related sections were sampled. The ITS trees show that P. filchnerae could be convincingly placed in sect. Auganthus , together with P. sinensis Sabine ex Lindl. and P. rupestris Balf. f. et Farrer, whereas sect. Ranunculoides contains two species: P. cicutariifolia Pax and P. merrilliana Schltr. These two sections are distantly related and their association with other sections needs further studies. This study also demonstrated that ITS sequences would be a suitable marker for the reconstruction of Primula phylogeny.
基金Supported by General Program of Jinhua City Science and Technology Bureau(2009-2-020)~~
文摘[Objective] To utilize the germplasm resources,new systematic evidence for the classification of sect.Paracamellia,genus Camellia is found in this article.[Method] Fruit anatomy of 10 species representing sect.Paracamellia was investigated.And the main component of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia was studied by MVSP software.[Result] The exocarp was thin;mesocarp was broad,having a large number of stone cells;endocarp was lignified,and separated easily from seed.The principle components analysis suggested that the distance between species was far,showing far relation;the current study did not support the formation of Camellia grijsii（C.grijsii）and Camellia yuhsienensis（C.yuhsienensis）,Camellia shensiensis（C.shensiensis）should not be recognized as a variety of C.yuhsienensis.In addition,it also proved Ming＇s combining of Camellia confusa（C.confusa）and Camellia kissi（C.kissi）was unnatural.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of sect.Paracamellia in the genus Camellia.
