Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achie...Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.展开更多
In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders'effectiveness and performance,and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on t...In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders'effectiveness and performance,and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on the method of comparing differences and ratio of divergence to evaluate leaders'performance by stage statistics.This paper illustrates how to evaluate Comprehensive Efficiency(CE)based on Scientific Development Outlook,which reflects overall development of enterprise leaders'performance,depends on measuring Output Efficiency Index(OEI)and Cost Efficiency Index(CEI)of enterprise leaders'performance,and adopts the C^2R model in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA).展开更多
Water conservancy economy is an important component of the economy of our country, and the development of water conservancy economy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the overall economic development of our coun...Water conservancy economy is an important component of the economy of our country, and the development of water conservancy economy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the overall economic development of our country.At present,the water conservancy economy of our country is facing problems of the shortage of water resources and the serious water pollution,these two problems have seriously restricted the scientific and effective development of water conservancy economy.Nowadays,under the background of the socioeconomic development of advocating sustainable development,the development of water conservancy economy also should keep up with the trend of the times,adhering to the view of sustainable development is the inevitable requirement of long-term development of water conservancy economy.This paper firstly expounds the connotation and characteristics of sustainable development, and the necessity of sustainable development of water conservancy economy, then summarizes the present situation of the development of water conservancy economy, analyzes the factors existed in the development of water conservancy economy, which influence the sustainable development of water conservancy economy, finally, takes the vision of sustainable development to probe into the scientific development measures,which should be adopted by water conservancy economy, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to help it achieve the goal of sustainable development.展开更多
A giant gasfield refers to a gasfield with proved geological reserves of natural gas more than 30 billion cubic meters,peak annual output of natural gas more than 1 billion cubic meters,and a certain plateau period.It...A giant gasfield refers to a gasfield with proved geological reserves of natural gas more than 30 billion cubic meters,peak annual output of natural gas more than 1 billion cubic meters,and a certain plateau period.It is an important foundation for the rapid growth of China's natural gas reserves and production and its long-term stable development in the future.And it is also the key to ensure the security of gas supply.By systematically analyzing the development practice of more than 260 gasfields at home and abroad and dissecting and simulating typical gasfields,this paper comprehensively studied the connotation,core technology and whole life cycle index system on the scientific development of giant gasfields.It is indicated that the scientific development connotation of giant gasfields consists of the following parts.First,the natural gas development concept with“water identification,control and treatment”as the technical system is put forward.That is to carry out“water-control development”in conventional gasfields and hydraulic fracturing development in unconventional gasfields.A reasonable gas production rate should be set according to the types and characteristics of gas reservoirs.Second,economic and social benefits of gasfield development should be evaluated comprehensively to ensure its long-term stable production.Third,the suitable production stabilization mode shall be adopted according to the production characteristics of gas wells and the development characteristics of reservoirs.Fourth,the recoverable reserves of a gasfield,the development laws of formation water and artificial waterflooding,the ultimate recovery technological countermeasures of the gasfield,the cost-effective stable period of the gasfield should be determined based on thefine description of conventional and unconventional gas reservoirs in different stages,the development characteristics of gas reservoirs and the monitoring results of production performance.The core technologies in the scientific development of giant gasfields include large-scale optimization technology,scientific well arrangement technology,balanced production technology and deep potential tapping technology.Based on this,several parameters are selected comprehensively as the key indexes for the scientific development of giant gasfields,such as production rate,pressure drop,degree of reserves recovery and output per unit pressure drop,and the whole life cycle index systems for four types of gas reservoirs are established,i.e.,high-pressure gas reservoirs,low-permeability and tight gas reservoirs,fracturedeporous reservoirs,and shale gas reservoirs.In conclusion,the research results enrich and improve the theories of natural gas development geology and are conducive to guiding the scientific development of different-type giant gasfields,thus further promoting the rapid development of natural gas industry in China.展开更多
With the development of the times, the government and enterprises have realized the problem of environmental protection and started to pay attention to environmental quality monitoring. Only good environmental quality...With the development of the times, the government and enterprises have realized the problem of environmental protection and started to pay attention to environmental quality monitoring. Only good environmental quality monitoring can continuously promote the sound development of the environment and promote the scientific development of monitoring. This paper will deeply discuss the significance of strengthening the quality of environmental monitoring and the specific measures to strengthen the quality of monitoring, which is of positive reference significance for the whole monitoring industry.展开更多
The 18th National Congress of CPC, which concluded not long ago, put forward the ambitious goal ofcompletely building up a better-off society by 2020. Since the reform and opening of 1978, especially in the past decad...The 18th National Congress of CPC, which concluded not long ago, put forward the ambitious goal ofcompletely building up a better-off society by 2020. Since the reform and opening of 1978, especially in the past decade, the human rights construction of China has made enormous achievements. The complete building up of a better-off society requires taking comprehensive consideration of many aspects, such as the economy, politics, culture,展开更多
Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relati...Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.展开更多
The backbone network of the China next-generation Internet, CNGI-CERNET2/6IX, was accredited China＇s top scientific development in 2006, as the annual list of＂Top Ten Scientific Events＂ was unveiled in Beijing Janu...The backbone network of the China next-generation Internet, CNGI-CERNET2/6IX, was accredited China＇s top scientific development in 2006, as the annual list of＂Top Ten Scientific Events＂ was unveiled in Beijing January 21, 2007, voted out by 565 scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.展开更多
The 23rd meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, presided over by General Secretary Xi Jinping, adopted the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Eth...The 23rd meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, presided over by General Secretary Xi Jinping, adopted the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics on 17 December 2021. On 20March 2022, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics.展开更多
The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in October 2003 put forward a scientific approach of people-centered, all-round, coordinated and sustainable development ...The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in October 2003 put forward a scientific approach of people-centered, all-round, coordinated and sustainable development and made it a strategy for governing the country, putting it in command of all economic and social development. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has persisted in the central task of economic development and put development in the first place. The evolution of the concept ＂development is the hard truth＂ to ＂development is a task of first importance in governing the country and invigorating the Chinese nation＂ and to the establishment of the scientific development approach reflects the deepening and growing command of the laws governing China＇s economic and social development.展开更多
This study analyzed the performance of university development which deviated from the scientific outlook on development, then elaborated four dimensions of sustainable development in universities including the cultura...This study analyzed the performance of university development which deviated from the scientific outlook on development, then elaborated four dimensions of sustainable development in universities including the cultural perspective dimension of people-oriented, the qualitative perspective dimension of personnel training, the innovative perspective dimension of academic research, and the strategic perspective dimension of scientific development. Finally, this article analyzed the scientific development approaches on coordinating the university extensive expansion and content development, special development and overall development, teaching and research as well as interests of current and long-term development were proposed.展开更多
When the human society steps into a new epoch, we, in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), hold the Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, on which we may exchange experiences in de...When the human society steps into a new epoch, we, in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), hold the Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, on which we may exchange experiences in developing intellectual property systems and discuss issues of common concern. The themes listed in the agenda not only mirror the emerging issues of the development of the international intellectual property system, but also carry significant weight to展开更多
The source structure of students in Xinjiang higher vocational colleges is complicated; most of the students have multi-variant ideologies and weak self-control ability. Under such background, the struggle of anti-ces...The source structure of students in Xinjiang higher vocational colleges is complicated; most of the students have multi-variant ideologies and weak self-control ability. Under such background, the struggle of anti-cession and anti-osmosis in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges will become more severe. As the domestic and foreign hostile forces conduct more and more osmosis means in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges and the situations become more and more complicated, the splittism of Xinjiang nations gradually escalates. They have not only made some violent and terrorist activities in the society, but also used the religion to split and permeate the students in higher vocational colleges and some teenagers. Higher vocational colleges are the main export to transmit talents to the nation and the society, so we have to pay enough attention to ideological cultivation and education of students.展开更多
This report presents the party＇ s congress in 2020 to ensure the completion of the goal to achieve a comprehensive well-off society, and build a moderately prosperous society that focuses on rural issues and bottlene...This report presents the party＇ s congress in 2020 to ensure the completion of the goal to achieve a comprehensive well-off society, and build a moderately prosperous society that focuses on rural issues and bottlenecks. After the founding of New China＇ s rural issues, our country has gone through a period of free flow of urban and rural in urban and rural isolation period and the interaction period. Although the performance of the various period＇ s rural issues are not the same, but behind it there is a profound theoretical and practical logic. It is the cumulative long-term history of this issue to become ＂top priority＂ , the scientific concept of development is put forward to solve this problem, which is to expand the boundaries of knowledge, provide methodological guidance for us to solve rural issues. Therefore, to solve three agricultural issues to thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, we must regard development as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the party, adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural development, adhere to the overall rural economic and social development,, and adhere to a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.展开更多
As climate warming intensifies, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing, posing challenges to global sustainable development. The concept of disaster risk reduction(DRR) provides strong impetus fo...As climate warming intensifies, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing, posing challenges to global sustainable development. The concept of disaster risk reduction(DRR) provides strong impetus for reducing disaster risk and vulnerabilities by employing the scientific and technological developments of recent decades. However, there is a need to enhance the capacities of different communities to use emerging digital infrastructure, not only in promoting DRR but also in ensuring sustainable future development. Limited access to and availability of data are restricting comprehensive understanding of these challenges. In many countries, the key areas for capacity development include collecting information from alternative and emerging data sources and meaningfully integrating it with data from traditional sources. Software and data analysis are becoming widely accessible due to open-source initiatives, while cloud computing technologies and programmes such as CASEarth provide valuable resources for multisource data integration, contributing to information-driven policy and decision-support systems for DRR.展开更多
The announcer on the giant screen greeted visitors to the Wuzhen International lnternet Exhibition Center with a cheery voice. ＂Good morning everyone! I will be your news anchor for today,＂ said the male voice. But ...The announcer on the giant screen greeted visitors to the Wuzhen International lnternet Exhibition Center with a cheery voice. ＂Good morning everyone! I will be your news anchor for today,＂ said the male voice. But this was no ordinary announcer： his voice and appearance have been entirely generated by artificial intelligence technology.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Environmental Protection Public Welfare Industry (201509021)
文摘Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.
文摘In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders'effectiveness and performance,and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on the method of comparing differences and ratio of divergence to evaluate leaders'performance by stage statistics.This paper illustrates how to evaluate Comprehensive Efficiency(CE)based on Scientific Development Outlook,which reflects overall development of enterprise leaders'performance,depends on measuring Output Efficiency Index(OEI)and Cost Efficiency Index(CEI)of enterprise leaders'performance,and adopts the C^2R model in Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA).
文摘Water conservancy economy is an important component of the economy of our country, and the development of water conservancy economy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the overall economic development of our country.At present,the water conservancy economy of our country is facing problems of the shortage of water resources and the serious water pollution,these two problems have seriously restricted the scientific and effective development of water conservancy economy.Nowadays,under the background of the socioeconomic development of advocating sustainable development,the development of water conservancy economy also should keep up with the trend of the times,adhering to the view of sustainable development is the inevitable requirement of long-term development of water conservancy economy.This paper firstly expounds the connotation and characteristics of sustainable development, and the necessity of sustainable development of water conservancy economy, then summarizes the present situation of the development of water conservancy economy, analyzes the factors existed in the development of water conservancy economy, which influence the sustainable development of water conservancy economy, finally, takes the vision of sustainable development to probe into the scientific development measures,which should be adopted by water conservancy economy, puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to help it achieve the goal of sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project"Giant Oil and Gas Fields and CBM Development"(No.:2016ZX05015).
文摘A giant gasfield refers to a gasfield with proved geological reserves of natural gas more than 30 billion cubic meters,peak annual output of natural gas more than 1 billion cubic meters,and a certain plateau period.It is an important foundation for the rapid growth of China's natural gas reserves and production and its long-term stable development in the future.And it is also the key to ensure the security of gas supply.By systematically analyzing the development practice of more than 260 gasfields at home and abroad and dissecting and simulating typical gasfields,this paper comprehensively studied the connotation,core technology and whole life cycle index system on the scientific development of giant gasfields.It is indicated that the scientific development connotation of giant gasfields consists of the following parts.First,the natural gas development concept with“water identification,control and treatment”as the technical system is put forward.That is to carry out“water-control development”in conventional gasfields and hydraulic fracturing development in unconventional gasfields.A reasonable gas production rate should be set according to the types and characteristics of gas reservoirs.Second,economic and social benefits of gasfield development should be evaluated comprehensively to ensure its long-term stable production.Third,the suitable production stabilization mode shall be adopted according to the production characteristics of gas wells and the development characteristics of reservoirs.Fourth,the recoverable reserves of a gasfield,the development laws of formation water and artificial waterflooding,the ultimate recovery technological countermeasures of the gasfield,the cost-effective stable period of the gasfield should be determined based on thefine description of conventional and unconventional gas reservoirs in different stages,the development characteristics of gas reservoirs and the monitoring results of production performance.The core technologies in the scientific development of giant gasfields include large-scale optimization technology,scientific well arrangement technology,balanced production technology and deep potential tapping technology.Based on this,several parameters are selected comprehensively as the key indexes for the scientific development of giant gasfields,such as production rate,pressure drop,degree of reserves recovery and output per unit pressure drop,and the whole life cycle index systems for four types of gas reservoirs are established,i.e.,high-pressure gas reservoirs,low-permeability and tight gas reservoirs,fracturedeporous reservoirs,and shale gas reservoirs.In conclusion,the research results enrich and improve the theories of natural gas development geology and are conducive to guiding the scientific development of different-type giant gasfields,thus further promoting the rapid development of natural gas industry in China.
文摘With the development of the times, the government and enterprises have realized the problem of environmental protection and started to pay attention to environmental quality monitoring. Only good environmental quality monitoring can continuously promote the sound development of the environment and promote the scientific development of monitoring. This paper will deeply discuss the significance of strengthening the quality of environmental monitoring and the specific measures to strengthen the quality of monitoring, which is of positive reference significance for the whole monitoring industry.
文摘The 18th National Congress of CPC, which concluded not long ago, put forward the ambitious goal ofcompletely building up a better-off society by 2020. Since the reform and opening of 1978, especially in the past decade, the human rights construction of China has made enormous achievements. The complete building up of a better-off society requires taking comprehensive consideration of many aspects, such as the economy, politics, culture,
文摘Purpose:The goal of this study is to analyze the relationship between funded and unfunded papers and their citations in both basic and applied sciences.Design/methodology/approach:A power law model analyzes the relationship between research funding and citations of papers using 831,337 documents recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:The original results reveal general characteristics of the diffusion of science in research fields:a)Funded articles receive higher citations compared to unfunded papers in journals;b)Funded articles exhibit a super-linear growth in citations,surpassing the increase seen in unfunded articles.This finding reveals a higher diffusion of scientific knowledge in funded articles.Moreover,c)funded articles in both basic and applied sciences demonstrate a similar expected change in citations,equivalent to about 1.23%,when the number of funded papers increases by 1%in journals.This result suggests,for the first time,that funding effect of scientific research is an invariant driver,irrespective of the nature of the basic or applied sciences.Originality/value:This evidence suggests empirical laws of funding for scientific citations that explain the importance of robust funding mechanisms for achieving impactful research outcomes in science and society.These findings here also highlight that funding for scientific research is a critical driving force in supporting citations and the dissemination of scientific knowledge in recorded documents in both basic and applied sciences.Practical implications:This comprehensive result provides a holistic view of the relationship between funding and citation performance in science to guide policymakers and R&D managers with science policies by directing funding to research in promoting the scientific development and higher diffusion of results for the progress of human society.
文摘The backbone network of the China next-generation Internet, CNGI-CERNET2/6IX, was accredited China＇s top scientific development in 2006, as the annual list of＂Top Ten Scientific Events＂ was unveiled in Beijing January 21, 2007, voted out by 565 scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
文摘The 23rd meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, presided over by General Secretary Xi Jinping, adopted the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics on 17 December 2021. On 20March 2022, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics.
文摘The Third Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in October 2003 put forward a scientific approach of people-centered, all-round, coordinated and sustainable development and made it a strategy for governing the country, putting it in command of all economic and social development. Since reform and opening up in 1978, China has persisted in the central task of economic development and put development in the first place. The evolution of the concept ＂development is the hard truth＂ to ＂development is a task of first importance in governing the country and invigorating the Chinese nation＂ and to the establishment of the scientific development approach reflects the deepening and growing command of the laws governing China＇s economic and social development.
基金Fund Project： the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No： 70673075） the National Social Science Foundation of China （No.： 07BJV035）+1 种基金 the Nation Education ＆ Science 11th Five-Year Plan--Ministry of Education, youth issues （No.： EFA090413） the Hubei Province Science ＆ Technology Department, special issues of soft science （No.： 2009DEA049）.
文摘This study analyzed the performance of university development which deviated from the scientific outlook on development, then elaborated four dimensions of sustainable development in universities including the cultural perspective dimension of people-oriented, the qualitative perspective dimension of personnel training, the innovative perspective dimension of academic research, and the strategic perspective dimension of scientific development. Finally, this article analyzed the scientific development approaches on coordinating the university extensive expansion and content development, special development and overall development, teaching and research as well as interests of current and long-term development were proposed.
文摘When the human society steps into a new epoch, we, in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), hold the Sino-African Intellectual Property Forum, on which we may exchange experiences in developing intellectual property systems and discuss issues of common concern. The themes listed in the agenda not only mirror the emerging issues of the development of the international intellectual property system, but also carry significant weight to
文摘The source structure of students in Xinjiang higher vocational colleges is complicated; most of the students have multi-variant ideologies and weak self-control ability. Under such background, the struggle of anti-cession and anti-osmosis in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges will become more severe. As the domestic and foreign hostile forces conduct more and more osmosis means in the ideological field of Xinjiang higher vocational colleges and the situations become more and more complicated, the splittism of Xinjiang nations gradually escalates. They have not only made some violent and terrorist activities in the society, but also used the religion to split and permeate the students in higher vocational colleges and some teenagers. Higher vocational colleges are the main export to transmit talents to the nation and the society, so we have to pay enough attention to ideological cultivation and education of students.
文摘This report presents the party＇ s congress in 2020 to ensure the completion of the goal to achieve a comprehensive well-off society, and build a moderately prosperous society that focuses on rural issues and bottlenecks. After the founding of New China＇ s rural issues, our country has gone through a period of free flow of urban and rural in urban and rural isolation period and the interaction period. Although the performance of the various period＇ s rural issues are not the same, but behind it there is a profound theoretical and practical logic. It is the cumulative long-term history of this issue to become ＂top priority＂ , the scientific concept of development is put forward to solve this problem, which is to expand the boundaries of knowledge, provide methodological guidance for us to solve rural issues. Therefore, to solve three agricultural issues to thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, we must regard development as the top priority in governing and rejuvenating the party, adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural development, adhere to the overall rural economic and social development,, and adhere to a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Programme of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDA19030101)the National Key R&D Programme of China(grant no.2017YFE0100800)
文摘As climate warming intensifies, the frequency and intensity of disasters are also increasing, posing challenges to global sustainable development. The concept of disaster risk reduction(DRR) provides strong impetus for reducing disaster risk and vulnerabilities by employing the scientific and technological developments of recent decades. However, there is a need to enhance the capacities of different communities to use emerging digital infrastructure, not only in promoting DRR but also in ensuring sustainable future development. Limited access to and availability of data are restricting comprehensive understanding of these challenges. In many countries, the key areas for capacity development include collecting information from alternative and emerging data sources and meaningfully integrating it with data from traditional sources. Software and data analysis are becoming widely accessible due to open-source initiatives, while cloud computing technologies and programmes such as CASEarth provide valuable resources for multisource data integration, contributing to information-driven policy and decision-support systems for DRR.
文摘The announcer on the giant screen greeted visitors to the Wuzhen International lnternet Exhibition Center with a cheery voice. ＂Good morning everyone! I will be your news anchor for today,＂ said the male voice. But this was no ordinary announcer： his voice and appearance have been entirely generated by artificial intelligence technology.
