Objectives:Character strengths use has been studied in WEIRD(Western,Educated,Industrialized,Rich,and Democratic)societies,where it is related to happiness,resilience,and reduced distress.However,this rela-tionship in...Objectives:Character strengths use has been studied in WEIRD(Western,Educated,Industrialized,Rich,and Democratic)societies,where it is related to happiness,resilience,and reduced distress.However,this rela-tionship in harsh living conditions remains unstudied.This study aims to examine the relationship between character strengths use and psychological well-being among slum dwellers in the Philippines,where harsh living conditions can create severe psychological challenges.Methods:A correlational analysis was conducted in a slum community in Cavite City,Philippines,with 120 participants completing self-report questionnaires,including the Strengths Use Scale(SUS),Flourishing Scale(FS),and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10).Correlation and regression analyses examined whether strengths use predicts psychological well-being while controlling for psychological distress and demographic factors such as family monthly income.Results:A significant positive correlation was found between strengths use and psychological well-being(r=0.39,p<0.01),and hierarchical linear regression analysis confirmed that SUS significantly predicted FS(β=0.37,95%CI=[0.08,0.22]).Despite experiencing high levels of psychological distress(Mean=27.22,SD=6.78),participants demonstrated relatively higher FS scores compared to more privileged Filipino student samples.These findings suggest that character strengths use act as psychological resources even in challenging environments.Conclusions:The study supports the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health,showing that well-being and ill-being can coexist.Strengths use may help slum dwellers cope with ongoing challenges,highlighting the potential of strengths-based interventions to foster resilience and well-being in high-adversity urban slum settings.Future research should explore how family and cultural values support well-being in difficult environments.展开更多
The determination of discontinuity shear strength is an important concern in rock engineering.Previous research mainly focused on the shear behavior of discontinuities with identical joint wall compressive strengths(D...The determination of discontinuity shear strength is an important concern in rock engineering.Previous research mainly focused on the shear behavior of discontinuities with identical joint wall compressive strengths(DIJCS).However,the shear behavior of discontinuities with different joint wall compressive strengths(DDJCS)and 3D surface morphology had been rarely reported.In this study,matched mortar DDJCSs were prepared using 3D printed photosensitive resin molds.Direct shear tests were carried out under three kinds of normal stress(ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 MPa)to analyze the shear strength and contact zones of DDJCS during shearing.The results show that the contact zones of DDJCS during shearing are scattered in the steep zones facing the shear direction.It is verified that Grasselli and Develi’s directional surface roughness characterization method can be used to predict the shear-induced potential contact zones of DDJCS.When the critical apparent dip angle is equal to the peak dilation angle,the predicted contact area agrees well with the actual contact area.A 3D directional roughness parameter with clear physical meaning was introduced to characterize discontinuity surface roughness.A 3D modified joint roughness coefficient-joint wall compressive strength(JRC-JCS)criterion that can both predict the shear strength of DDJCS and DIJCS was proposed based on the newly defined roughness parameter.The proposed criterion was validated by 77 direct shear tests presented by this study and 163 direct shear tests presented by other investigators.The results show that the proposed criterion was generally reliable for the peak shear strength prediction of DDJCS and DIJCS(within 16%).It is also found that the new criterion can capture the anisotropy of the peak shear strength of DDJCS.The anisotropy of DDJCS decreases with increasing normal stress.It should be noted that the anisotropy of the shear strength of DDJCS was not investigated experimentally,and further experiments should be conducted to verify it.展开更多
Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources theory,this study investigated the relationship between proactive personality and strengths use,as well as the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role ...Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources theory,this study investigated the relationship between proactive personality and strengths use,as well as the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of exploitative leadership within this relationship.Data were collected from 368 employees(females=57.61%;mean age=32.35;SD=6.31)working in various organizations in China at two points in time with a two-week interval.We conducted structural equation modeling and a moderated mediation path analysis to test our hypotheses.The results demonstrated that proactive personality is positively related to strengths use and psychological safety partially mediates the association of proactive personality and strengths use.Furthermore,this study also found that exploitative leadership weakens the direct relationship between proactive personality and psychological safety and the indirect relationship of proactive personality with strengths use through psychological safety.This study identified the underlying mechanisms between proactive personality and strengths use.展开更多
This study explored the role of job crafting and job embeddedness in the relationship between employee strengths use and thriving at work.Participants were 260 nurses from Beijing,China(99.2%female,54.6%aged 26–35 ye...This study explored the role of job crafting and job embeddedness in the relationship between employee strengths use and thriving at work.Participants were 260 nurses from Beijing,China(99.2%female,54.6%aged 26–35 years,and 62%with a bachelor’s degree or above).Data were collected at two different time points,with a two-week interval between them.Regression analysis and path analysis were applied to test the hypotheses.Results showed that strengths use was associated with thriving at work.Job crafting partially mediated this relationship for higher thriving at work.Job embeddedness weakened the relationship between strengths use and job crafting,and also lowered job crafting effects on work thriving.These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which strengths use influences thriving at work,highlighting the significance of job crafting and job embeddedness.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,manifests as a chronic,recurrent,and refractory intestinal inflammatory condition significantly impacting patients’quality of life....Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,manifests as a chronic,recurrent,and refractory intestinal inflammatory condition significantly impacting patients’quality of life.Despite ongoing research,its etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood.Recent advancements in medical research highlight the critical role of drug combination therapies in managing IBD.This paper employs the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats framework to evaluate the four strategic elements(strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats)pertaining to combination therapies for IBD.Among the strengths,the paper underscores the efficacy of multi-targeted strategies,the advancement of personalized medicine,and the mitigation of drug resistance.Nonetheless,the analysis identifies significant weaknesses,including the prohibitive cost of treatment,issues with patient compliance,and the necessity for comprehensive long-term safety data.The paper also delineates opportunities to augment therapeutic success through the incorporation of biomarkers,the application of artificial intelligence,and extensive international collaborative efforts.In contrast,the paper does not shy away from addressing the threats,which include the potential for therapeutic resistance and the logistical challenges inherent in global therapy deployment.These initiatives aim to refine future therapeutic practices,fostering safer,more effective,and personalized treatment paradigms for IBD patients.展开更多
Geotechnical engineering usually produces drillholes in the ground for investigation and construction.Drilling is a rock-breaking process by applying normal(thrust)and shear(torque)force from the drill bit to the rock...Geotechnical engineering usually produces drillholes in the ground for investigation and construction.Drilling is a rock-breaking process by applying normal(thrust)and shear(torque)force from the drill bit to the rock below the bit.These rock-breaking data can be obtained by digital monitoring and recording the drilling parameters through an instrumented drilling machine.However,there is no mature and standard method to determine rock strength properties(such as unconfined compressive strength,UCS,or tensile strength)from real-time monitored drilling parameter(such as thrust force,torque,rotation speed,drilling speed and specific energy).This paper presents a complete procedure to accurately determine each drilling parameter.More importantly,the specific energy develops nonlinearly with change of the thrust force,which is related to the UCS and tensile strength of the rock.This finding provides an insight into determining the UCS and tensile strength of the rock based on real-time monitored drilling parameters.In addition,novel test setups are demonstrated to determine the thrust force and torque from hydraulics pressures and rotation speeds.These setups can significantly reduce the sophisticated instrumentation cost for drilling monitoring studies.Three type rocks including granite,limestone and sandstone are used for the testing.The findings from this study provide supporting theories to upgrade drilling monitoring technique to a standard geotechnical testing method.展开更多
This study systematically investigates the unusual tensile mechanical behavior of Mg-RE solid solution(SS)alloys,exhibiting anomalous tensile strengths(ATS)and an enhanced strain-hardening rate at high temperature.Bot...This study systematically investigates the unusual tensile mechanical behavior of Mg-RE solid solution(SS)alloys,exhibiting anomalous tensile strengths(ATS)and an enhanced strain-hardening rate at high temperature.Both the peak ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and tensile yield strength(TYS)values occur at 150-200℃,which are 12-50%higher compared to those at room temperature(RT).Meanwhile,the strain-hardening rate increases with the temperature rising from RT to 200℃ during the plastic deformation process.The results reveal that the formation of stacking faults(SFs)and the locking of dislocations,particularly immobile (c) partial dislocations,enhance resistance to plastic deformation,leading to higher strengths at high temperature.Furthermore,the interactivity between SFs and (c+a) dislocations intensify with rising of temperature.The presence of RE atoms in the SS plays a critical role in this unique mechanical behavior,as they preferentially occupy non-basal planes rather than basal planes,thereby reducing the stacking fault(SF)formation energy.This study provides new insights into the high-temperature strengthening mechanisms of Mg-RE based alloys,offering potential guidance for the design of advanced lightweight materials with superior mechanical properties.展开更多
The present study aimed to examine the mediating effect of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in high school students. Totally 508 China high school students completed questionnaires measuring...The present study aimed to examine the mediating effect of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in high school students. Totally 508 China high school students completed questionnaires measuring character strengths, strengths use and mental health for middle school students＇ inventory. The correlations between character strength, strengths use and mental health were all significantly positive, 0.41 -0.65, P 〈 0.01. Character strengths significantly positively predicted mental health, and standard regression coefficient was 0.65, P 〈 0.01. Strengths use mediated partially the relationship between character strengths and mental health in high school students and the value of mediating effect was 11.3%. Strengths use played a moderated mediating role in the relationship between character strengths and mental health.展开更多
This paper presents particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand with the purpose of clarifying the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized shear strengths of sand. Several drained triax...This paper presents particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand with the purpose of clarifying the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized shear strengths of sand. Several drained triaxial tests were carried out on Silica sand No.5 under 3 MPa confining pressure to produce the pre-crushed sands in simulating the high- pressure shear process on soil to result in particle breakage, and then the pre-crushed sands were re- sheared in series of drained triaxial tests to investigate the mobilized strengths of the pre-crushed sands in detecting the influence of particle breakage. It was found that, by deteriorating strain-stress behavior, particle breakage resulted in change of stress-dilataney behavior in translation and rotation of the relation of the dilatancy factor and the effective principal stress ratio. For a given initial void ratio, particle breakage resulted in impairment of dilatancy behavior of soil to be more contractive in deterioration of the mobilized friction angle and the mobilized dilatancy angle and reduction of void ratio. However, particle breakage resulted in increase of the mobilized basic friction angle especially before failure. In addition, the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized strengths was revealed to be influenced by the shear stress-strain state.展开更多
Background Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers...Background Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals' abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of MA abusers. Aim To use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals' abstinence in a real-life context. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 MA abusers recruited in Shanghai guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Results The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of MA, familiar venue of MA use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking MA were important factors that contribute to reinitiation and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeti叩 those mentioned weaknesses and threats above. Conclusion This SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengtheni叩 coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals1 sustained abstinence.展开更多
The development of clean and sustainable energy sources has received widespread interest in the past few decades due to the rolling energy demands while extenuating the rising tiers of greenhouse gases and environment...The development of clean and sustainable energy sources has received widespread interest in the past few decades due to the rolling energy demands while extenuating the rising tiers of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution.Due to their intermittent nature,these green and sustainable sources require appropriate energy storage systems.Amongst different energy storage technologies,electrochemical energy storage devices,particularly supercapacitors(SCs),have fascinated global attention for their utilization in electric vehicles,power supports,portable electronics,and many others application requiring electric energy devices for their operation.Thus,the growth of SCs in the commercial market has squeezed requirements,and further developments are obligatory for their effective industrialization.In the meantime,SCs also face technical complications and contests for their introduction in industrial settings because of their low energy density and high Levelized cost.The present study combines core strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis of SCs with new perspectives and recent ideas.The challenges and the future progressive prospects of SCs are also presented in detail.This review will afford consistent direction and new superhighways for the further development of SCs as standalone and complementary energy storage systems.展开更多
Objective:This study deals with the effect of phosphoric acid etching and conditioning on enamel micro-tensile bond strengths(μTBSs)of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements(GICs/RMGICs).Methods:Forty-...Objective:This study deals with the effect of phosphoric acid etching and conditioning on enamel micro-tensile bond strengths(μTBSs)of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements(GICs/RMGICs).Methods:Forty-eight bovine incisors were prepared into rectangular blocks.Highly-polished labial enamel surfaces were either acid-etched,conditioned with liquids of cements,or not further treated(control).Subsequently,two matching pre-treated enamel surfaces were cemented together with one of four cements[two GICs:Fuji I(GC),Ketac Cem Easymix(3M ESPE);two RMGICs:Fuji Plus(GC),RelyX Luting(3M ESPE)]in preparation forμTBS tests.Pre-treated enamel surfaces and cement-enamel interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results:Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the enamelμTBS of GICs/RMGICs.Conditioning with the liquids of the cements produced significantly weaker or equivalent enamelμTBS compared to the control.Regardless of etching,RMGICs yielded stronger enamelμTBS than GICs.A visible hybrid layer was found at certain enamelcement interfaces of the etched enamels.Conclusions:Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the enamelμTBSs of GICs/RMGICs.Phosphoric acid etching should be recommended to etch the enamel margins before the cementation of the prostheses such as inlays and onlays,using GICs/RMGICs to improve the bond strengths.RMGICs provided stronger enamel bond strength than GICs and conditioning did not increase enamel bond strength.展开更多
The dipole-length, dipole-velocity and dipole-acceleration absorption oscillator strengths for the 1s^22s-1s^2np （3 ≤ n ≤9） transitions of lithium-like systems from Z = 11 to 20 are calculated by using the energie...The dipole-length, dipole-velocity and dipole-acceleration absorption oscillator strengths for the 1s^22s-1s^2np （3 ≤ n ≤9） transitions of lithium-like systems from Z = 11 to 20 are calculated by using the energies and the multiconfiguration interaction wave functions obtained from a full core plus correlation method, in which relativistic and mass-polarization effects on the energy, as the first-order perturbation corrections, are included. The results of three forms are in good agreement with each other, and closely agree with the experimental data available in the literature. Based on the quantum defects obtained with quantum defect theory （QDT）, the discrete oscillator strengths for the transitions from the ground state to highly excited states 1s^2np （n ≥ 10） and oscillator strength densities corresponding to the bound-free transitions are obtained for these ions.展开更多
Coronary artery calcium data and reporting system(CAC-DRS)is a recently introduced standardized reporting system for calcium scoring on computed tomography.CAC-DRS provides four risk categories(0,1,2 and 3)along with ...Coronary artery calcium data and reporting system(CAC-DRS)is a recently introduced standardized reporting system for calcium scoring on computed tomography.CAC-DRS provides four risk categories(0,1,2 and 3)along with treatment recommendations for each category.As with any other new reporting platform,CAC-DRS has both advantages and disadvantages.Improved communication,better clarity of details,organized management recommendations and utility in future research and education are the major strengths of CAC-DRS.It has many limitations such as questionable need for a new system,few missing components,use of a less accurate visual method and treatment suggestions based on expert opinion instead of clinical trials.In this contemporary review,we discuss the new reporting system CAC-DRS,its application,strengths and limitations and conclude with some remarks for the future.展开更多
Adolescence is a crucial time period with especial vulnerability for development of mental health problems.Growing interest is focusing on the determinants of positive mental health in order to find the key concepts t...Adolescence is a crucial time period with especial vulnerability for development of mental health problems.Growing interest is focusing on the determinants of positive mental health in order to find the key concepts that could be influenced in the promotion of mental well-being of adolescents.In this study we aim to explore the relations between self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion as determinants of adolescents’positive mental health controlled for selected sociodemographic background factors.The study population(n=195)consisted of comprehensive school students who filled in an electronic questionnaire of adolescent’s mental well-being in Fall 2019.The questionnaire included measures of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale(WEMWBS),VIA Youth-measure 96,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Experience of Social Inclusion Scale.The methods included group comparisons and General Linear Model computed by SPSS 24.0.The strongest association was found between positive mental health and self-esteem(β=0.789,p<0.001),followed by character strengths of hope and kindness and experience of social inclusion.Interestingly,family’s socioeconomic factors did not associate significantly with positive mental health in the final statistical model.In terms of our results,it seems that self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion might have stronger association with adolescents’mental well-being than family’s socioeconomic determinants.Therefore,it should be discussed whether psychological determinants overcome the individual effect of poor socioeconomic status as factors that influence positive mental health.Further studies are needed to establish these results more firmly.展开更多
The study had the objective of exploring the feasibility of using the self-report SDQ-Y （youth version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire） to assess the emotional and behavioural well being of adolescents i...The study had the objective of exploring the feasibility of using the self-report SDQ-Y （youth version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire） to assess the emotional and behavioural well being of adolescents in Zambia. This was a cross sectional study of Lusaka school children （n = 420） aged 11-15 years using the self-report SDQ-Y and a demographic questionnaire. It was found that compared to a UK normative sample, Zambian adolescents were almost twice as likely to have total difficulties scores in the abnormal range （O.R. 1.9）. It was found that there was a significant difference in the total SDQ scores （Z = -2.67, P = 0.008） with children reporting health problems having significantly higher scores. Children reporting health problems also had significantly more emotional problems （Z = -2.78, P = 0.005）. There was a trend for children with health problems to score higher on the hyperactivity scale （Z = -1.9 P = 0.053）. The internal consistency of SDQ subscales ranged from low to moderate. It can be concluded that SDQ is a useful instrument for use with Zambian adolescents, in particular, the total difficulties score and the emotional difficulties score performed well in this sample and could potentially be used to screen for mental health problems or to examine the impact of interventions.展开更多
The nonrelativistic dipole-length, -velocity and -acceleration absorptionoscillator strengths for the 1s~22s-1s~22p transitions of the lithium isoelectronic sequence from Z= 11 to 20 are calculated by using the energi...The nonrelativistic dipole-length, -velocity and -acceleration absorptionoscillator strengths for the 1s~22s-1s~22p transitions of the lithium isoelectronic sequence from Z= 11 to 20 are calculated by using the energies and the multiconfiguration interaction wavefunctions obtained from a full core plus correlation (FCPC) method. In most cases, the agreementbetween the oscillator strengths values from the length and velocity formula is up to four or fivedigit. Our results are aiso in good agreement with previous theoretical data available in theliterature.展开更多
The transition energies, E1 transitional oscillator strengths of the spin-allowed as well as the spin-forbidden and the corresponding transition rates, and complete M1, E2, M2 forbidden transition rates for 1s^(2), 1s...The transition energies, E1 transitional oscillator strengths of the spin-allowed as well as the spin-forbidden and the corresponding transition rates, and complete M1, E2, M2 forbidden transition rates for 1s^(2), 1s2s, and 1s2p states of He I, are investigated using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method. In the subsequent relativistic configuration interaction computations, the Breit interaction and the QED effect are considered as perturbation, separately. Our transition energies, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical results. As a result, the QED effect is not important for helium atoms, however, the effect of the Breit interaction plays a significant role in the transition energies, the oscillator strengths and transition rates.展开更多
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief screening measure of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of th...The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief screening measure of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the Greek version of the SDQ. A representative Greek sample of 1194 adolescents (aged 11 to 17 years) and their parents completed the SDQ along with other measures. Internal consistency reliability was determined by calculation of the Cronbach α coefficient. Varimax Orthogonal Transformation was conducted to test the factor structure of the questionnaire. Validity was further examined by investigating the correlation of the SDQ with the KIDSCREEN questionnaire and its association with demographic factors. The inter-rater agreement between parent and self-reports was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to determine test-retest stability. For both parent and the self-report SDQ versions, most items loaded onto their predicted factors in consistency with the originally proposed five-factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable with a Cronbach α above 0.70 for all SDQ scales except for conduct and peer problems. Inter-rater correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.45. Test-retest stability was good (ICCs > 0.60). Correlation coefficients between the SDQ and KIDSCREEN questionnaire were significant. Small effect sizes (d > 0.5) of the socioeconomic status were found for all of the SDQ scale mean scores. In conclusion, the SDQ was found to have satisfying psychometric properties and could be suitable for assessing emotional and behavioural problems in Greek adolescents.展开更多
This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the...This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of patient-researchers.It highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalflexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.展开更多
文摘Objectives:Character strengths use has been studied in WEIRD(Western,Educated,Industrialized,Rich,and Democratic)societies,where it is related to happiness,resilience,and reduced distress.However,this rela-tionship in harsh living conditions remains unstudied.This study aims to examine the relationship between character strengths use and psychological well-being among slum dwellers in the Philippines,where harsh living conditions can create severe psychological challenges.Methods:A correlational analysis was conducted in a slum community in Cavite City,Philippines,with 120 participants completing self-report questionnaires,including the Strengths Use Scale(SUS),Flourishing Scale(FS),and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K10).Correlation and regression analyses examined whether strengths use predicts psychological well-being while controlling for psychological distress and demographic factors such as family monthly income.Results:A significant positive correlation was found between strengths use and psychological well-being(r=0.39,p<0.01),and hierarchical linear regression analysis confirmed that SUS significantly predicted FS(β=0.37,95%CI=[0.08,0.22]).Despite experiencing high levels of psychological distress(Mean=27.22,SD=6.78),participants demonstrated relatively higher FS scores compared to more privileged Filipino student samples.These findings suggest that character strengths use act as psychological resources even in challenging environments.Conclusions:The study supports the Dual-Factor Model of Mental Health,showing that well-being and ill-being can coexist.Strengths use may help slum dwellers cope with ongoing challenges,highlighting the potential of strengths-based interventions to foster resilience and well-being in high-adversity urban slum settings.Future research should explore how family and cultural values support well-being in difficult environments.
基金Project(GZB202405561)supported by the China Postdoctoral Fellowship ProgramProject(42377154)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The determination of discontinuity shear strength is an important concern in rock engineering.Previous research mainly focused on the shear behavior of discontinuities with identical joint wall compressive strengths(DIJCS).However,the shear behavior of discontinuities with different joint wall compressive strengths(DDJCS)and 3D surface morphology had been rarely reported.In this study,matched mortar DDJCSs were prepared using 3D printed photosensitive resin molds.Direct shear tests were carried out under three kinds of normal stress(ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 MPa)to analyze the shear strength and contact zones of DDJCS during shearing.The results show that the contact zones of DDJCS during shearing are scattered in the steep zones facing the shear direction.It is verified that Grasselli and Develi’s directional surface roughness characterization method can be used to predict the shear-induced potential contact zones of DDJCS.When the critical apparent dip angle is equal to the peak dilation angle,the predicted contact area agrees well with the actual contact area.A 3D directional roughness parameter with clear physical meaning was introduced to characterize discontinuity surface roughness.A 3D modified joint roughness coefficient-joint wall compressive strength(JRC-JCS)criterion that can both predict the shear strength of DDJCS and DIJCS was proposed based on the newly defined roughness parameter.The proposed criterion was validated by 77 direct shear tests presented by this study and 163 direct shear tests presented by other investigators.The results show that the proposed criterion was generally reliable for the peak shear strength prediction of DDJCS and DIJCS(within 16%).It is also found that the new criterion can capture the anisotropy of the peak shear strength of DDJCS.The anisotropy of DDJCS decreases with increasing normal stress.It should be noted that the anisotropy of the shear strength of DDJCS was not investigated experimentally,and further experiments should be conducted to verify it.
基金supported by Youth Foundation of Beijing Wuzi University(Grant No.2024XJQN26).
文摘Drawing upon the Conservation of Resources theory,this study investigated the relationship between proactive personality and strengths use,as well as the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of exploitative leadership within this relationship.Data were collected from 368 employees(females=57.61%;mean age=32.35;SD=6.31)working in various organizations in China at two points in time with a two-week interval.We conducted structural equation modeling and a moderated mediation path analysis to test our hypotheses.The results demonstrated that proactive personality is positively related to strengths use and psychological safety partially mediates the association of proactive personality and strengths use.Furthermore,this study also found that exploitative leadership weakens the direct relationship between proactive personality and psychological safety and the indirect relationship of proactive personality with strengths use through psychological safety.This study identified the underlying mechanisms between proactive personality and strengths use.
基金This study received funding from the Youth Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research at Guizhou University(No.GDQN2022010)the Zhiyuan Science Foundation at Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology(No.BIPTCSF-2023012)the URT Program for Undergraduate Research and Training at Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology(No.2024J00263).
文摘This study explored the role of job crafting and job embeddedness in the relationship between employee strengths use and thriving at work.Participants were 260 nurses from Beijing,China(99.2%female,54.6%aged 26–35 years,and 62%with a bachelor’s degree or above).Data were collected at two different time points,with a two-week interval between them.Regression analysis and path analysis were applied to test the hypotheses.Results showed that strengths use was associated with thriving at work.Job crafting partially mediated this relationship for higher thriving at work.Job embeddedness weakened the relationship between strengths use and job crafting,and also lowered job crafting effects on work thriving.These findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which strengths use influences thriving at work,highlighting the significance of job crafting and job embeddedness.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,manifests as a chronic,recurrent,and refractory intestinal inflammatory condition significantly impacting patients’quality of life.Despite ongoing research,its etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood.Recent advancements in medical research highlight the critical role of drug combination therapies in managing IBD.This paper employs the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats framework to evaluate the four strategic elements(strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats)pertaining to combination therapies for IBD.Among the strengths,the paper underscores the efficacy of multi-targeted strategies,the advancement of personalized medicine,and the mitigation of drug resistance.Nonetheless,the analysis identifies significant weaknesses,including the prohibitive cost of treatment,issues with patient compliance,and the necessity for comprehensive long-term safety data.The paper also delineates opportunities to augment therapeutic success through the incorporation of biomarkers,the application of artificial intelligence,and extensive international collaborative efforts.In contrast,the paper does not shy away from addressing the threats,which include the potential for therapeutic resistance and the logistical challenges inherent in global therapy deployment.These initiatives aim to refine future therapeutic practices,fostering safer,more effective,and personalized treatment paradigms for IBD patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42272338,41902275)the Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2018-ZL-02).
文摘Geotechnical engineering usually produces drillholes in the ground for investigation and construction.Drilling is a rock-breaking process by applying normal(thrust)and shear(torque)force from the drill bit to the rock below the bit.These rock-breaking data can be obtained by digital monitoring and recording the drilling parameters through an instrumented drilling machine.However,there is no mature and standard method to determine rock strength properties(such as unconfined compressive strength,UCS,or tensile strength)from real-time monitored drilling parameter(such as thrust force,torque,rotation speed,drilling speed and specific energy).This paper presents a complete procedure to accurately determine each drilling parameter.More importantly,the specific energy develops nonlinearly with change of the thrust force,which is related to the UCS and tensile strength of the rock.This finding provides an insight into determining the UCS and tensile strength of the rock based on real-time monitored drilling parameters.In addition,novel test setups are demonstrated to determine the thrust force and torque from hydraulics pressures and rotation speeds.These setups can significantly reduce the sophisticated instrumentation cost for drilling monitoring studies.Three type rocks including granite,limestone and sandstone are used for the testing.The findings from this study provide supporting theories to upgrade drilling monitoring technique to a standard geotechnical testing method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No 52401209,52192603,52275308)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023JG007)。
文摘This study systematically investigates the unusual tensile mechanical behavior of Mg-RE solid solution(SS)alloys,exhibiting anomalous tensile strengths(ATS)and an enhanced strain-hardening rate at high temperature.Both the peak ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and tensile yield strength(TYS)values occur at 150-200℃,which are 12-50%higher compared to those at room temperature(RT).Meanwhile,the strain-hardening rate increases with the temperature rising from RT to 200℃ during the plastic deformation process.The results reveal that the formation of stacking faults(SFs)and the locking of dislocations,particularly immobile (c) partial dislocations,enhance resistance to plastic deformation,leading to higher strengths at high temperature.Furthermore,the interactivity between SFs and (c+a) dislocations intensify with rising of temperature.The presence of RE atoms in the SS plays a critical role in this unique mechanical behavior,as they preferentially occupy non-basal planes rather than basal planes,thereby reducing the stacking fault(SF)formation energy.This study provides new insights into the high-temperature strengthening mechanisms of Mg-RE based alloys,offering potential guidance for the design of advanced lightweight materials with superior mechanical properties.
文摘The present study aimed to examine the mediating effect of strengths use between character strengths and mental health in high school students. Totally 508 China high school students completed questionnaires measuring character strengths, strengths use and mental health for middle school students＇ inventory. The correlations between character strength, strengths use and mental health were all significantly positive, 0.41 -0.65, P 〈 0.01. Character strengths significantly positively predicted mental health, and standard regression coefficient was 0.65, P 〈 0.01. Strengths use mediated partially the relationship between character strengths and mental health in high school students and the value of mediating effect was 11.3%. Strengths use played a moderated mediating role in the relationship between character strengths and mental health.
基金The financial assistance by China Scholarship Council (Grant No. 2011671035)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2013CB733201)+3 种基金Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZZDEW-05-01)One-Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (SU Li-jun)CAS "Light of West China" Program (Grant No. Y6R2250250)Youth Fund of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y6K2110110)
文摘This paper presents particle breakage and the mobilized drained shear strengths of sand with the purpose of clarifying the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized shear strengths of sand. Several drained triaxial tests were carried out on Silica sand No.5 under 3 MPa confining pressure to produce the pre-crushed sands in simulating the high- pressure shear process on soil to result in particle breakage, and then the pre-crushed sands were re- sheared in series of drained triaxial tests to investigate the mobilized strengths of the pre-crushed sands in detecting the influence of particle breakage. It was found that, by deteriorating strain-stress behavior, particle breakage resulted in change of stress-dilataney behavior in translation and rotation of the relation of the dilatancy factor and the effective principal stress ratio. For a given initial void ratio, particle breakage resulted in impairment of dilatancy behavior of soil to be more contractive in deterioration of the mobilized friction angle and the mobilized dilatancy angle and reduction of void ratio. However, particle breakage resulted in increase of the mobilized basic friction angle especially before failure. In addition, the influence of particle breakage on the mobilized strengths was revealed to be influenced by the shear stress-strain state.
基金National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1310400), National Nature Science Foundation of China (U150222& 81501148)Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission (2014ZYJB0002)+3 种基金Shanghai Health and Family Planni叩 Commission Clinical Research Project (20184Y0134)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (17XD1403300)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (13DZ2260500)Qihang Project of Shanghai Mental Health Center (2018-QH-02).
文摘Background Despite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals' abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of MA abusers. Aim To use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals' abstinence in a real-life context. Method Semistructured interviews were conducted with 32 MA abusers recruited in Shanghai guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Results The results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of MA, familiar venue of MA use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking MA were important factors that contribute to reinitiation and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeti叩 those mentioned weaknesses and threats above. Conclusion This SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengtheni叩 coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals1 sustained abstinence.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant Number JP22F22368。
文摘The development of clean and sustainable energy sources has received widespread interest in the past few decades due to the rolling energy demands while extenuating the rising tiers of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution.Due to their intermittent nature,these green and sustainable sources require appropriate energy storage systems.Amongst different energy storage technologies,electrochemical energy storage devices,particularly supercapacitors(SCs),have fascinated global attention for their utilization in electric vehicles,power supports,portable electronics,and many others application requiring electric energy devices for their operation.Thus,the growth of SCs in the commercial market has squeezed requirements,and further developments are obligatory for their effective industrialization.In the meantime,SCs also face technical complications and contests for their introduction in industrial settings because of their low energy density and high Levelized cost.The present study combines core strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats(SWOT)analysis of SCs with new perspectives and recent ideas.The challenges and the future progressive prospects of SCs are also presented in detail.This review will afford consistent direction and new superhighways for the further development of SCs as standalone and complementary energy storage systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20973152)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Y2080045)
文摘Objective:This study deals with the effect of phosphoric acid etching and conditioning on enamel micro-tensile bond strengths(μTBSs)of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements(GICs/RMGICs).Methods:Forty-eight bovine incisors were prepared into rectangular blocks.Highly-polished labial enamel surfaces were either acid-etched,conditioned with liquids of cements,or not further treated(control).Subsequently,two matching pre-treated enamel surfaces were cemented together with one of four cements[two GICs:Fuji I(GC),Ketac Cem Easymix(3M ESPE);two RMGICs:Fuji Plus(GC),RelyX Luting(3M ESPE)]in preparation forμTBS tests.Pre-treated enamel surfaces and cement-enamel interfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Results:Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the enamelμTBS of GICs/RMGICs.Conditioning with the liquids of the cements produced significantly weaker or equivalent enamelμTBS compared to the control.Regardless of etching,RMGICs yielded stronger enamelμTBS than GICs.A visible hybrid layer was found at certain enamelcement interfaces of the etched enamels.Conclusions:Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased the enamelμTBSs of GICs/RMGICs.Phosphoric acid etching should be recommended to etch the enamel margins before the cementation of the prostheses such as inlays and onlays,using GICs/RMGICs to improve the bond strengths.RMGICs provided stronger enamel bond strength than GICs and conditioning did not increase enamel bond strength.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10774063)
文摘The dipole-length, dipole-velocity and dipole-acceleration absorption oscillator strengths for the 1s^22s-1s^2np （3 ≤ n ≤9） transitions of lithium-like systems from Z = 11 to 20 are calculated by using the energies and the multiconfiguration interaction wave functions obtained from a full core plus correlation method, in which relativistic and mass-polarization effects on the energy, as the first-order perturbation corrections, are included. The results of three forms are in good agreement with each other, and closely agree with the experimental data available in the literature. Based on the quantum defects obtained with quantum defect theory （QDT）, the discrete oscillator strengths for the transitions from the ground state to highly excited states 1s^2np （n ≥ 10） and oscillator strength densities corresponding to the bound-free transitions are obtained for these ions.
文摘Coronary artery calcium data and reporting system(CAC-DRS)is a recently introduced standardized reporting system for calcium scoring on computed tomography.CAC-DRS provides four risk categories(0,1,2 and 3)along with treatment recommendations for each category.As with any other new reporting platform,CAC-DRS has both advantages and disadvantages.Improved communication,better clarity of details,organized management recommendations and utility in future research and education are the major strengths of CAC-DRS.It has many limitations such as questionable need for a new system,few missing components,use of a less accurate visual method and treatment suggestions based on expert opinion instead of clinical trials.In this contemporary review,we discuss the new reporting system CAC-DRS,its application,strengths and limitations and conclude with some remarks for the future.
文摘Adolescence is a crucial time period with especial vulnerability for development of mental health problems.Growing interest is focusing on the determinants of positive mental health in order to find the key concepts that could be influenced in the promotion of mental well-being of adolescents.In this study we aim to explore the relations between self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion as determinants of adolescents’positive mental health controlled for selected sociodemographic background factors.The study population(n=195)consisted of comprehensive school students who filled in an electronic questionnaire of adolescent’s mental well-being in Fall 2019.The questionnaire included measures of Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale(WEMWBS),VIA Youth-measure 96,Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Experience of Social Inclusion Scale.The methods included group comparisons and General Linear Model computed by SPSS 24.0.The strongest association was found between positive mental health and self-esteem(β=0.789,p<0.001),followed by character strengths of hope and kindness and experience of social inclusion.Interestingly,family’s socioeconomic factors did not associate significantly with positive mental health in the final statistical model.In terms of our results,it seems that self-esteem,character strengths and experience of social inclusion might have stronger association with adolescents’mental well-being than family’s socioeconomic determinants.Therefore,it should be discussed whether psychological determinants overcome the individual effect of poor socioeconomic status as factors that influence positive mental health.Further studies are needed to establish these results more firmly.
文摘The study had the objective of exploring the feasibility of using the self-report SDQ-Y （youth version of strengths and difficulties questionnaire） to assess the emotional and behavioural well being of adolescents in Zambia. This was a cross sectional study of Lusaka school children （n = 420） aged 11-15 years using the self-report SDQ-Y and a demographic questionnaire. It was found that compared to a UK normative sample, Zambian adolescents were almost twice as likely to have total difficulties scores in the abnormal range （O.R. 1.9）. It was found that there was a significant difference in the total SDQ scores （Z = -2.67, P = 0.008） with children reporting health problems having significantly higher scores. Children reporting health problems also had significantly more emotional problems （Z = -2.78, P = 0.005）. There was a trend for children with health problems to score higher on the hyperactivity scale （Z = -1.9 P = 0.053）. The internal consistency of SDQ subscales ranged from low to moderate. It can be concluded that SDQ is a useful instrument for use with Zambian adolescents, in particular, the total difficulties score and the emotional difficulties score performed well in this sample and could potentially be used to screen for mental health problems or to examine the impact of interventions.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10347114,10174029the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The nonrelativistic dipole-length, -velocity and -acceleration absorptionoscillator strengths for the 1s~22s-1s~22p transitions of the lithium isoelectronic sequence from Z= 11 to 20 are calculated by using the energies and the multiconfiguration interaction wavefunctions obtained from a full core plus correlation (FCPC) method. In most cases, the agreementbetween the oscillator strengths values from the length and velocity formula is up to four or fivedigit. Our results are aiso in good agreement with previous theoretical data available in theliterature.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0402300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774344 and 11474033)。
文摘The transition energies, E1 transitional oscillator strengths of the spin-allowed as well as the spin-forbidden and the corresponding transition rates, and complete M1, E2, M2 forbidden transition rates for 1s^(2), 1s2s, and 1s2p states of He I, are investigated using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method. In the subsequent relativistic configuration interaction computations, the Breit interaction and the QED effect are considered as perturbation, separately. Our transition energies, oscillator strengths, and transition rates are in good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical results. As a result, the QED effect is not important for helium atoms, however, the effect of the Breit interaction plays a significant role in the transition energies, the oscillator strengths and transition rates.
文摘The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a brief screening measure of emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess reliability and validity of the Greek version of the SDQ. A representative Greek sample of 1194 adolescents (aged 11 to 17 years) and their parents completed the SDQ along with other measures. Internal consistency reliability was determined by calculation of the Cronbach α coefficient. Varimax Orthogonal Transformation was conducted to test the factor structure of the questionnaire. Validity was further examined by investigating the correlation of the SDQ with the KIDSCREEN questionnaire and its association with demographic factors. The inter-rater agreement between parent and self-reports was analyzed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were computed to determine test-retest stability. For both parent and the self-report SDQ versions, most items loaded onto their predicted factors in consistency with the originally proposed five-factor structure. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable with a Cronbach α above 0.70 for all SDQ scales except for conduct and peer problems. Inter-rater correlations ranged from 0.33 to 0.45. Test-retest stability was good (ICCs > 0.60). Correlation coefficients between the SDQ and KIDSCREEN questionnaire were significant. Small effect sizes (d > 0.5) of the socioeconomic status were found for all of the SDQ scale mean scores. In conclusion, the SDQ was found to have satisfying psychometric properties and could be suitable for assessing emotional and behavioural problems in Greek adolescents.
文摘This paper summarizes the work held at the Cancéropôle Ile-de-France's annual SHS research seminar on the theme:Pluridisciplinarity and methods for SHS research in thefield of cancer.After clarifying the concepts of pluri-,inter-,and transdisciplinarité,it aimed to describe how this type of research is carried out in practice,addressing successively:the role of stakeholders and their respective positions,the need for a shared language,the various temporalities involved and task sharing,the interview and analysis methods as well as the implication of patient-researchers.It highlighted the personal qualities required to practice this type of research,such as psychologicalflexibility and adaptability,a strong desire for collaborative work,acceptance of risk,and a humble stance.
