Background:Second primary malignancies(SPMs)account for over 30%of total deaths in head and neck cancer(HNC)patients.The increasing use of radiotherapy raises concerns about the elevated risk of radiation-associated S...Background:Second primary malignancies(SPMs)account for over 30%of total deaths in head and neck cancer(HNC)patients.The increasing use of radiotherapy raises concerns about the elevated risk of radiation-associated SPMs.This study aimed to investigate the age-stratified association between radiotherapy and SPM risk in survivors of non-metastatic primary HNC.Methods:Using data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results program(2004-2015),incidence rate ratios(IRRs)and standardized incidence ratios(SIRs)were evaluated for solid and hematologic SPMs associated with radiotherapy within different age groups.Follow-up for hematologic and solid SPMs began 2 and 5 years,respectively,after the diagnosis of first primary HNC.The IRRs for SPMs were compared between radiotherapy-exposed and unexposed groups using multivariable modified Poisson regression.The SIRs were computed as the ratio of observed cancers in the cohort to expected cases derived from sex-,age-,and calendar year-matched general population incidence rates.Results:The study included 75,2092-year survivors,with 73.2%being male and a median age of 60 years.Of these,58,063 had survived 5 years or more.Radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of solid SPMs[IRR=1.16,95%confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.24;P<0.001].The associations varied significantly among young(aged 15-39 years),middle-aged(aged 40-64 years),and elderly(aged 65-89 years)patients.Specifically,radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of solid SPMs in middle-aged patients(IRR=1.21,95%CI 1.11-1.32;P<0.001),and a decreased risk of hematologic SPMs in elderly patients(IRR=0.77,95%CI 0.60-0.99;P=0.045).Compared with the general population,young patients had an elevated risk of radiotherapy-associated second primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma(SIR=4.01,95%CI 1.47-8.74).Middle-aged patients showed the highest SIR for SPMs in the bones/joints(SIR=7.72,95%CI 4.32-12.73),while elderly patients had the highest SIR for second primary esophageal malignancies(SIR=3.87,95%CI 2.91-5.05).Males were more likely to develop solid SPMs compared to females.Conclusions:This study reveals an age-stratified association between radiotherapy and the risk of SPMs in HNC patients.These findings highlight the importance of considering patient age when making treatment decisions for HNC and suggest that long-term surveillance is necessary for high-risk groups.展开更多
一、系统设计1 .系统设计的背景《智力量表》依据心理学理论而制定,能够对人的智力进行多方面、多结构的分析,风行于美国、西欧等发达国家,有较高的社会效益.其中《瑞文标准推理测验》(Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices简称SPM)...一、系统设计1 .系统设计的背景《智力量表》依据心理学理论而制定,能够对人的智力进行多方面、多结构的分析,风行于美国、西欧等发达国家,有较高的社会效益.其中《瑞文标准推理测验》(Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices简称SPM)是英国心理学家瑞文(J.C.Raven)1938年设计的非文字智力测验.自其问世以来,许多国家对它做了修订,直至现在仍在广泛使用,有着重要的理论意义与实用价值.在我国的心理学家的不断努力下,我国已经引进了《智力量表》的许多经典之作.并针对中国自已的情况做了修订.但是,在现实生活中,《智力量表》并未起到其应起的作用.这其中不可忽视的一个原因是:《智力量表》展开更多
Background:Prostate cancer(PCa)patients are at risk of developing second primary malignancies(SPMs),which can significantly shorten their survival.Understanding the risk of SPMs and associated factors is crucial to th...Background:Prostate cancer(PCa)patients are at risk of developing second primary malignancies(SPMs),which can significantly shorten their survival.Understanding the risk of SPMs and associated factors is crucial to the optimization of patient follow-up.Methods:This study focuses on PCa patients who were later diagnosed with SPMs using data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Variables were carefully selected,and the data were analyzed using machine learning techniques combined with mul-tivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling.Subsequently,a nomogram was generated to predict the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates for SPMs patients.Additionally,a two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR)analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationships between PCa and its top ten SPMs.Results:Among the variables,age,marital status,SPM site,M stage,American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)stage,PCa surgery,and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels were identified as key prognostic factors through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and backward stepwise regression.Based on these factors,a nomogram was developed to visually represent survival predictions,complemented by a web-based calculator for easy application.This nomogram,which serves as a supplement to traditional AJCC staging,demonstrated strong predictive power for 1-,3-,and 5-year survival,with area under the curve(AUC)values exceeding 0.85.Additionally,TSMR analysis revealed a causal link between PCa and urothelial carcinoma(UC).Conclusion:This study developed a nomogram for predicting survival in prostate cancer patients with secondary primary malignancies,enhancing prognosis accuracy.TSMR identified a causal link between PCa and UC.展开更多
The interaction of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)and an anionic copolymer derived from 3\|sulfopropylmethacrylate, potassium salt (SPMS) and styrene (St) in aqueous solutions has been studied. It was found tha...The interaction of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)and an anionic copolymer derived from 3\|sulfopropylmethacrylate, potassium salt (SPMS) and styrene (St) in aqueous solutions has been studied. It was found that the viscosity of the anionic copolymer\|CTAB solution rises suddenly in a specific molar ratio of CTAB/anion. For instance, the viscosity of polymer (No.1) solutions increases to about 20 times at CTAB/\|SO\-3K=1.0～1 05, and increases to about 100 times at CTAB/\|SO 3K=1.4～1 5. In the case of polymer samples No.2 and No.3, the changes of solution viscosity are similar to that of sample No.1, but the gelation takes place at CTAB/\|SO\-3K=1.4～1 5 region because of the lower negative charge density on No.2 and No.3 polymer chains. It is proposed that the dramatical change of the P(SPMS-co-St)/CTAB aqueous solution is ascribed to the aggregation behavior of CTAB, then the P(SPMS-co-St) aggregates. This consideration was verified by fluorescence determination and laser light scattering experiments. Using DMAF as fluoresscent probe, the hydrophobic microdomain existed in P(SPMS-co-St)/CTAB aqueous solutions in the viscosity rising region has been confirmed and it is in agreement well with the results obtained by laser light scattering determination.展开更多
The majority(up to 90%)of riverine materials is transported from the continent to the ocean mainly in flood events.It is thus crucial to characterize the geochemistry of elements and their flux in river system in orde...The majority(up to 90%)of riverine materials is transported from the continent to the ocean mainly in flood events.It is thus crucial to characterize the geochemistry of elements and their flux in river system in order to better constrain their global biogeochemical cycling and impact on the oceanic ecosystem.However,the geochemical behavior including the distribution,migration and partitioning of typical metal elements amongst diff erent phases,during hydrodynamic flood event remains still to be well explored.Here,we investigated the geochemical behaviors of typical metal elements in dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter collected from a single flood event in the natural Chishui River,Southwest China.The results showed clearly that the geochemistry of metal elements was largely controlled by the hydrodynamic eff ect,of which the diff erent flowrates introduce a natural sorting of diff erent mineral particles transported at diff erent flood stages,depending on their shape,size and density.The maximum concentrations of alkaline and alkaline earth metals(Li,Mg,K,Rb and Sr)in SPM appeared before the flood peak,which was largely controlled by aluminosilicate minerals.However,transition metals(Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni and Cu)showed their abundance peaks lagging behind the flowrate summit,as a result of the late arrival of coarse particles or heavy minerals,evidenced by the mineralogical phase analysis.In addition,the distribution coe fficient(K_(d))between particulate and dissolved loads were lower and stable for soluble alkali/alkaline earth metals which could be aff ected by pH,while higher and fluctuant for transition metals that were largely influenced by SPM content.Overall,the present study reveals clear eff ects of hydrodynamic sorting on the geochemistry of metal elements during the flood event of the natural Chishui River,which should be taken into account when characterizing the riverine flux and their impact on marine ecosystem.展开更多
Mesoscale eddies are widespread in the global ocean,significantly influencing the physical,chemical,and biological structures of water column.Based on the CTD data and suspended particulate matter(SPM)data collected a...Mesoscale eddies are widespread in the global ocean,significantly influencing the physical,chemical,and biological structures of water column.Based on the CTD data and suspended particulate matter(SPM)data collected at 36 hydrographic stations during a field cruise in southern Mozambique Channel,combined with satellite altimeter observations,we identified a series of mesoscale eddies traversing the Mozambique Channel.Our hydrographic measurements,coupled with in situ chlorophyll fluorescence data,reveal that these eddies significantly influence thermohaline structure and chlorophyll distribution,which in turn affects primary productivity and SPM concentrations in the upper ocean.The cyclonic eddies facilitate the upwelling of cold subsurface water,leading to a shallowing of the pycnocline and the creation of a low-temperature anomaly with variable salinity anomalies at different depths.Conversely,anticyclonic eddies submerge warm surface water,deepening the pycnocline,and resulting in a high-temperature anomaly accompanied by distinct salinity patterns.Significantly,a coastal anticyclonic eddy was observed to intercept terrestrial material from the Delagoa Bight,redirecting it west of 36°E.This study presents unique and quasi-synchronous CTD datasets capturing mesoscale eddy impacts,and provided valuable insights into SPM variability within the often-neglected southern Mozambique Channel.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101069)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7242279),the Beijing Nova Program(20230484283)+2 种基金the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(Z221100007422130)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning(SKLO202401)the Logistics Independent Research Project of PLA(C24LBJ032).
文摘Background:Second primary malignancies(SPMs)account for over 30%of total deaths in head and neck cancer(HNC)patients.The increasing use of radiotherapy raises concerns about the elevated risk of radiation-associated SPMs.This study aimed to investigate the age-stratified association between radiotherapy and SPM risk in survivors of non-metastatic primary HNC.Methods:Using data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results program(2004-2015),incidence rate ratios(IRRs)and standardized incidence ratios(SIRs)were evaluated for solid and hematologic SPMs associated with radiotherapy within different age groups.Follow-up for hematologic and solid SPMs began 2 and 5 years,respectively,after the diagnosis of first primary HNC.The IRRs for SPMs were compared between radiotherapy-exposed and unexposed groups using multivariable modified Poisson regression.The SIRs were computed as the ratio of observed cancers in the cohort to expected cases derived from sex-,age-,and calendar year-matched general population incidence rates.Results:The study included 75,2092-year survivors,with 73.2%being male and a median age of 60 years.Of these,58,063 had survived 5 years or more.Radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of solid SPMs[IRR=1.16,95%confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.24;P<0.001].The associations varied significantly among young(aged 15-39 years),middle-aged(aged 40-64 years),and elderly(aged 65-89 years)patients.Specifically,radiotherapy was associated with an increased risk of solid SPMs in middle-aged patients(IRR=1.21,95%CI 1.11-1.32;P<0.001),and a decreased risk of hematologic SPMs in elderly patients(IRR=0.77,95%CI 0.60-0.99;P=0.045).Compared with the general population,young patients had an elevated risk of radiotherapy-associated second primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma(SIR=4.01,95%CI 1.47-8.74).Middle-aged patients showed the highest SIR for SPMs in the bones/joints(SIR=7.72,95%CI 4.32-12.73),while elderly patients had the highest SIR for second primary esophageal malignancies(SIR=3.87,95%CI 2.91-5.05).Males were more likely to develop solid SPMs compared to females.Conclusions:This study reveals an age-stratified association between radiotherapy and the risk of SPMs in HNC patients.These findings highlight the importance of considering patient age when making treatment decisions for HNC and suggest that long-term surveillance is necessary for high-risk groups.
文摘一、系统设计1 .系统设计的背景《智力量表》依据心理学理论而制定,能够对人的智力进行多方面、多结构的分析,风行于美国、西欧等发达国家,有较高的社会效益.其中《瑞文标准推理测验》(Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices简称SPM)是英国心理学家瑞文(J.C.Raven)1938年设计的非文字智力测验.自其问世以来,许多国家对它做了修订,直至现在仍在广泛使用,有着重要的理论意义与实用价值.在我国的心理学家的不断努力下,我国已经引进了《智力量表》的许多经典之作.并针对中国自已的情况做了修订.但是,在现实生活中,《智力量表》并未起到其应起的作用.这其中不可忽视的一个原因是:《智力量表》
基金Student Innovation Capability Enhancement Program of Guangzhou Medical University,Grant/Award Numbers:2022 NO.67,2023 NO.7Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong College Students'Scientific and Technological Innovation(“Climbing Program”Special Funds),Grant/Award Number:pdjh2023b0431。
文摘Background:Prostate cancer(PCa)patients are at risk of developing second primary malignancies(SPMs),which can significantly shorten their survival.Understanding the risk of SPMs and associated factors is crucial to the optimization of patient follow-up.Methods:This study focuses on PCa patients who were later diagnosed with SPMs using data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)database.Variables were carefully selected,and the data were analyzed using machine learning techniques combined with mul-tivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling.Subsequently,a nomogram was generated to predict the 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates for SPMs patients.Additionally,a two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR)analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationships between PCa and its top ten SPMs.Results:Among the variables,age,marital status,SPM site,M stage,American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)stage,PCa surgery,and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)levels were identified as key prognostic factors through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and backward stepwise regression.Based on these factors,a nomogram was developed to visually represent survival predictions,complemented by a web-based calculator for easy application.This nomogram,which serves as a supplement to traditional AJCC staging,demonstrated strong predictive power for 1-,3-,and 5-year survival,with area under the curve(AUC)values exceeding 0.85.Additionally,TSMR analysis revealed a causal link between PCa and urothelial carcinoma(UC).Conclusion:This study developed a nomogram for predicting survival in prostate cancer patients with secondary primary malignancies,enhancing prognosis accuracy.TSMR identified a causal link between PCa and UC.
文摘The interaction of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)and an anionic copolymer derived from 3\|sulfopropylmethacrylate, potassium salt (SPMS) and styrene (St) in aqueous solutions has been studied. It was found that the viscosity of the anionic copolymer\|CTAB solution rises suddenly in a specific molar ratio of CTAB/anion. For instance, the viscosity of polymer (No.1) solutions increases to about 20 times at CTAB/\|SO\-3K=1.0～1 05, and increases to about 100 times at CTAB/\|SO 3K=1.4～1 5. In the case of polymer samples No.2 and No.3, the changes of solution viscosity are similar to that of sample No.1, but the gelation takes place at CTAB/\|SO\-3K=1.4～1 5 region because of the lower negative charge density on No.2 and No.3 polymer chains. It is proposed that the dramatical change of the P(SPMS-co-St)/CTAB aqueous solution is ascribed to the aggregation behavior of CTAB, then the P(SPMS-co-St) aggregates. This consideration was verified by fluorescence determination and laser light scattering experiments. Using DMAF as fluoresscent probe, the hydrophobic microdomain existed in P(SPMS-co-St)/CTAB aqueous solutions in the viscosity rising region has been confirmed and it is in agreement well with the results obtained by laser light scattering determination.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,42103008,Hongming Cai。
文摘The majority(up to 90%)of riverine materials is transported from the continent to the ocean mainly in flood events.It is thus crucial to characterize the geochemistry of elements and their flux in river system in order to better constrain their global biogeochemical cycling and impact on the oceanic ecosystem.However,the geochemical behavior including the distribution,migration and partitioning of typical metal elements amongst diff erent phases,during hydrodynamic flood event remains still to be well explored.Here,we investigated the geochemical behaviors of typical metal elements in dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter collected from a single flood event in the natural Chishui River,Southwest China.The results showed clearly that the geochemistry of metal elements was largely controlled by the hydrodynamic eff ect,of which the diff erent flowrates introduce a natural sorting of diff erent mineral particles transported at diff erent flood stages,depending on their shape,size and density.The maximum concentrations of alkaline and alkaline earth metals(Li,Mg,K,Rb and Sr)in SPM appeared before the flood peak,which was largely controlled by aluminosilicate minerals.However,transition metals(Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni and Cu)showed their abundance peaks lagging behind the flowrate summit,as a result of the late arrival of coarse particles or heavy minerals,evidenced by the mineralogical phase analysis.In addition,the distribution coe fficient(K_(d))between particulate and dissolved loads were lower and stable for soluble alkali/alkaline earth metals which could be aff ected by pH,while higher and fluctuant for transition metals that were largely influenced by SPM content.Overall,the present study reveals clear eff ects of hydrodynamic sorting on the geochemistry of metal elements during the flood event of the natural Chishui River,which should be taken into account when characterizing the riverine flux and their impact on marine ecosystem.
基金Supported by the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province (Nos.TS20190913,tsqn202211054)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.202241007)the Youth Innovation Team Program in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province (No.2022KJ045)
文摘Mesoscale eddies are widespread in the global ocean,significantly influencing the physical,chemical,and biological structures of water column.Based on the CTD data and suspended particulate matter(SPM)data collected at 36 hydrographic stations during a field cruise in southern Mozambique Channel,combined with satellite altimeter observations,we identified a series of mesoscale eddies traversing the Mozambique Channel.Our hydrographic measurements,coupled with in situ chlorophyll fluorescence data,reveal that these eddies significantly influence thermohaline structure and chlorophyll distribution,which in turn affects primary productivity and SPM concentrations in the upper ocean.The cyclonic eddies facilitate the upwelling of cold subsurface water,leading to a shallowing of the pycnocline and the creation of a low-temperature anomaly with variable salinity anomalies at different depths.Conversely,anticyclonic eddies submerge warm surface water,deepening the pycnocline,and resulting in a high-temperature anomaly accompanied by distinct salinity patterns.Significantly,a coastal anticyclonic eddy was observed to intercept terrestrial material from the Delagoa Bight,redirecting it west of 36°E.This study presents unique and quasi-synchronous CTD datasets capturing mesoscale eddy impacts,and provided valuable insights into SPM variability within the often-neglected southern Mozambique Channel.
