通过对比分析2008年北京及其周边地区SAFIR(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radiometrique)和ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction system)两套闪电定位系统观测的地闪资料,结果显示:SAFIR系统探测的正地闪次数、负地...通过对比分析2008年北京及其周边地区SAFIR(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radiometrique)和ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction system)两套闪电定位系统观测的地闪资料,结果显示:SAFIR系统探测的正地闪次数、负地闪次数均比ADTD系统偏少,但二者探测到正地闪和负地闪的日变化、月变化特征基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪百分比ADTD高。SAFIR系统的地闪高值区主要在偏南部,而ADTD系统的正地闪电流强度高值区流高值区主要在偏北部,地闪低值区分布基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪、负地闪电流强度小于ADTD系统的观测值,前者探测的正地闪电流强度日分布中整体比后者小约25 k A,负地闪电流强度日分布则小约10 k A。二者观测的电流强度日变化、月变化变化特征基本一致。ADTD负地闪电流累积概率分布整体和IEEE工作组给出范围较为接近。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪电流强度高值区空间分布较集中,而ADTD系统的空间分布相对较均匀分散。整体而言,两者探测的闪电时间分布特征较为接近,而闪电次数和强度分布特征有差别,对于出现差别的原因有待进一步研究。展开更多
Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform （LLTS） meso...Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform （LLTS） mesoscale convective system （MCS） over Beijing on 31 July 2007. Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud （IC） lightning, while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground （＋CG） lightning to –CG lightning was 1：4, which was higher than the average value from previous studies. The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo, particularly at the leading edge of the front. Little IC lightning and little ＋CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region. The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure. During the storm’s development, most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of ～9.5 km; the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km, the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm. When the thunderstorm began to dissipate, the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually. The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground, although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.展开更多
目的 :探讨原始数据迭代重建(sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction,SAFIRE)算法对图像质量、辐射剂量的影响以及利用该算法联合70 k V CT进行扫描的可行性。方法:选用Catphan500标准剂量模体,在70 k V、150~500 m As(50 m As间...目的 :探讨原始数据迭代重建(sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction,SAFIRE)算法对图像质量、辐射剂量的影响以及利用该算法联合70 k V CT进行扫描的可行性。方法:选用Catphan500标准剂量模体,在70 k V、150~500 m As(50 m As间隔)和120 k V、150~500 m As(50 m As间隔)条件下行CT扫描,并对图像分别采用SAFIRE算法和滤波反投影(filtered back projection,FBP)算法重建,对所得图像的对比噪声比(contrast-to-noise ratio,CNR)和噪声值的差异行统计学分析。对行SAFIRE的70 k V、150~500 m As和120 k V、200 m As的图像,比较2种图像的CNR值和低对比可探测能力(low-contrast detectability,LCD)评分之间的统计学差异。结果:70 k V、150~500 m As和120 k V、150~500 m As行SAFIRE重建的图像CNR值均高于对应的FBP重建图像(t=5.61~8.73,P<0.001),SAFIRE重建图像的噪声均低于对应的FBP重建图像(t=-6.39^-10.98,P<0.001)。同样曝光量条件下,70 k V的图像噪声比120 k V显著增加,但当曝光量增加至450或500 m As时,70 k V的CNR及LCD值与120 k V、200 m As相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而70 k V、450 m As和500 m As比120 k V、200 m As条件下得到图像的CT容积剂量指数(CT dose index volume,CTDIvol)分别下降到56.62%和47.18%。结论:SAFIRE联合70 k V CT扫描在适当增加m As的情况下可以保证图像质量不变,且可显著降低辐射剂量,是一种可行的CT扫描模式。展开更多
文摘通过对比分析2008年北京及其周边地区SAFIR(Surveillance et Alerte Foudre par Interferometrie Radiometrique)和ADTD(Advanced TOA and Direction system)两套闪电定位系统观测的地闪资料,结果显示:SAFIR系统探测的正地闪次数、负地闪次数均比ADTD系统偏少,但二者探测到正地闪和负地闪的日变化、月变化特征基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪百分比ADTD高。SAFIR系统的地闪高值区主要在偏南部,而ADTD系统的正地闪电流强度高值区流高值区主要在偏北部,地闪低值区分布基本一致。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪、负地闪电流强度小于ADTD系统的观测值,前者探测的正地闪电流强度日分布中整体比后者小约25 k A,负地闪电流强度日分布则小约10 k A。二者观测的电流强度日变化、月变化变化特征基本一致。ADTD负地闪电流累积概率分布整体和IEEE工作组给出范围较为接近。SAFIR系统探测的正地闪电流强度高值区空间分布较集中,而ADTD系统的空间分布相对较均匀分散。整体而言,两者探测的闪电时间分布特征较为接近,而闪电次数和强度分布特征有差别,对于出现差别的原因有待进一步研究。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 40930949)Key Subject Project of Beijing Atmospheric Physics and Environment,the One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform （LLTS） mesoscale convective system （MCS） over Beijing on 31 July 2007. Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud （IC） lightning, while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground （＋CG） lightning to –CG lightning was 1：4, which was higher than the average value from previous studies. The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo, particularly at the leading edge of the front. Little IC lightning and little ＋CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region. The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure. During the storm’s development, most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of ～9.5 km; the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km, the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm. When the thunderstorm began to dissipate, the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually. The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground, although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.
文摘目的 :探讨原始数据迭代重建(sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction,SAFIRE)算法对图像质量、辐射剂量的影响以及利用该算法联合70 k V CT进行扫描的可行性。方法:选用Catphan500标准剂量模体,在70 k V、150~500 m As(50 m As间隔)和120 k V、150~500 m As(50 m As间隔)条件下行CT扫描,并对图像分别采用SAFIRE算法和滤波反投影(filtered back projection,FBP)算法重建,对所得图像的对比噪声比(contrast-to-noise ratio,CNR)和噪声值的差异行统计学分析。对行SAFIRE的70 k V、150~500 m As和120 k V、200 m As的图像,比较2种图像的CNR值和低对比可探测能力(low-contrast detectability,LCD)评分之间的统计学差异。结果:70 k V、150~500 m As和120 k V、150~500 m As行SAFIRE重建的图像CNR值均高于对应的FBP重建图像(t=5.61~8.73,P<0.001),SAFIRE重建图像的噪声均低于对应的FBP重建图像(t=-6.39^-10.98,P<0.001)。同样曝光量条件下,70 k V的图像噪声比120 k V显著增加,但当曝光量增加至450或500 m As时,70 k V的CNR及LCD值与120 k V、200 m As相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而70 k V、450 m As和500 m As比120 k V、200 m As条件下得到图像的CT容积剂量指数(CT dose index volume,CTDIvol)分别下降到56.62%和47.18%。结论:SAFIRE联合70 k V CT扫描在适当增加m As的情况下可以保证图像质量不变,且可显著降低辐射剂量,是一种可行的CT扫描模式。
