Metal-ceramic composites combine the excellent properties of metals and ceramics,which have high strength,stability,and corrosion re-sistance.Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo composites have been proven to be useful in ap-plications ...Metal-ceramic composites combine the excellent properties of metals and ceramics,which have high strength,stability,and corrosion re-sistance.Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo composites have been proven to be useful in ap-plications such as catalysts,mi-crowave absorption materials,and enhanced permeability dielectric.The understanding of the mechani-cal properties and dynamics at the atomic scale of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo in-terface can promote the design and exploitment of metal-ceramic composites.In this work,we have obtained Young’s modulus and diffusion coefficient of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface using molecular dynamics simulation,elucidated the structural characteristics of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface at the atomic scale,and investigated the impact of atomic magnetism and the exter-nal magnetic field on the interface.Simulated results show that Young’s modulus of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface is significantly improved compared with pure Al_(2)O_(3)and FeCo alloy at room and high temperatures.When the atomic magnetism and the external magnetic field are applied,Young’s modulus of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface further increases to 612 GPa at 300 K and 602 GPa at 500 K.Moreover,the average density,diffusion coefficient,and radial distri-bution function are found to be modified substantially.This study will shed light on the atom-istic investigations of the metal-ceramic composites.展开更多
The shared links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two prevalent conditions that come with substantial daily struggles.Emerging evi...The shared links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two prevalent conditions that come with substantial daily struggles.Emerging evidence highlights that these diseases share similar pathophysiological features,including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation,which contribute to their rapid progression(Chen et al.,2022).Insulin resistance,a hallmark of T2DM,has been suggested to exacerbate neurodegeneration in AD.Similarly,chronic low-grade inflammation in T2DM parallels with neuroinflammation,which is observed in AD,suggesting overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms in T2DM and AD.展开更多
The difficulty in fabricating a multifaceted composite heterojunction system based on Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S limits the enhancement of photocatalytic performance.In the present scrutiny,novel ZnO/Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S/CdS com-...The difficulty in fabricating a multifaceted composite heterojunction system based on Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S limits the enhancement of photocatalytic performance.In the present scrutiny,novel ZnO/Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S/CdS com-posite heterojunctions are successfully prepared by the alkaline dissolution etching method.The internal electric field at the interface of I-type and Z-scheme heterojunction improved the effective charge sepa-ration.The ZC 8 sample exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance and the H2 production efficiency is 15.67 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1) with good stability up to 82.9%in 24-hour cycles.The performance of CH_(4) and CO capacity in the CO_(2) RR process is 3.47μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and 23.5μmol g^(−1) h^(−1),respectively.The photogener-ated accelerated charge transport is then examined in detail by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISXPS)and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work presents a new idea for the synthe-sis of Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S solid-solution-based materials and provides a solid reference for the detailed mechanism regarding the electric field at the heterojunction interface.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile ...Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile based on 1468 blood samples from both human and mouse studies,which include bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),microRNA-seq,and single-cell RNA-seq data.We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline that conducted over 11 million comparisons and correlations to identify more than 20,000 blood features.With these findings,we established a blood RNA database related to Alzheimer’s disease,RNAs in Blood of AD(RBAD,http://www.bioinform.cn/RBAD/).Using RBAD,we initially validated well-established Alzheimer’s disease-related pathways,including olfactory transduction.We then observed a decrease in both the proportion and functionality of erythroid cells,likely attributed to their elevated CD45 levels and interactions with GZMK^(+)CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,we identified 449 blood RNAs linked to patients’overall survival,along with two mRNAs(H4C3 and CTU1)associated with cognitive decline.In summary,RBAD is the first web-based analysis platform dedicated to investigating blood RNA changes in Alzheimer’s disease,and provides valuable insights into potential peripheral biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
The development of next-generation electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers requires a shift in interface design.By employing hierarchical work function programming,we propose an approach to tune interfacial polarization dy...The development of next-generation electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers requires a shift in interface design.By employing hierarchical work function programming,we propose an approach to tune interfacial polarization dynamics.This method utilizes multi-gradient work functions to guide carrier migration and polarization effectively,thereby enhancing energy dissipation under alternating electromagnetic fields.Here,we constructed a 1T/2H-MoS_(2)/PPy/VS_(2) composite absorber with integrated gradient interfaces.The composite achieved a powerful absorption(RLmin)of-58.59 dB at 2.3 mm,and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.44 GHz at 2.5 mm,demonstrating improved broadband absorption.Radar cross-section(RCS)simulations show an EMW loss of-7.2 dB m^(2) at 0°,highlighting its potential for stealth and communication applications.This study introduces hierarchical work function programming as a promising strategy in EMW absorber design,contributing to advancements in material performance and functionality.展开更多
Use of metallic Li anode raises serious concerns on the safety and operational performance of Li-S batteries due to uncontrolled hazard of Li dendrite formation, which is difficultly eliminated as long as the metallic...Use of metallic Li anode raises serious concerns on the safety and operational performance of Li-S batteries due to uncontrolled hazard of Li dendrite formation, which is difficultly eliminated as long as the metallic Li exists in the cells. Pairing lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode with currently available metallic Lifree high-capacity anodes offers an alternative solution to this challenge. However, the performance of Li2S cathode is primarily restricted by high activation barrier upon initial charge, low active mass utilization and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, a MXene-induced multifunctional collaborative interface is proposed to afford superb activity towards redox solid-liquid/liquid-liquid phase transformation, strong chemisorption, high conductivity and fast ionic/charge transport in high Li2S loading cathode. Applying collaborative interface effectively reduces initial voltage barrier of Li2S activation and regulates the kinetic behavior of redox polysulfide conversion. Therefore, stable operation of additive-free Li2S cathode with high areal capacities at high Li2S loading up to 9 mg cm^-2 can be achieved with less sacrifice of high capacity and rate capability in Li-S batteries. Rechargeable metallic Li-free batteries are successfully constructed by pairing this high-performance Li2S cathode with high-capacity metal oxide anodes, which delivers superior energy density to current Li-ion batteries.展开更多
Catechol adsorbed on TiO_(2)is one of the simplest models to explore the relevant properties of dye-sensitized solar cells.However,the effects of water and defects on the electronic levels and the excitonic properties...Catechol adsorbed on TiO_(2)is one of the simplest models to explore the relevant properties of dye-sensitized solar cells.However,the effects of water and defects on the electronic levels and the excitonic properties of the catechol/TiO_(2)interface have been rarely explored.Here,we investigate four catechol/TiO_(2)interfaces aiming to study the influence of coverage,water,and defects on the electronic levels and the excitonic properties of the catechol/TiO_(2)interface through the first-principles many-body Green’s function theory.We find that the adsorption of catechol on the rutile(110)surface increases the energies of both the TiO_(2)valence band maximum and conduction band minimum by approximately 0.7 eV.The increasing coverage and the presence of water can reduce the optical absorption of charge-transfer excitons with maximum oscillator strength.Regarding the reduced hydroxylated TiO_(2)substrate,the conduction band minimum decreases greatly,resulting in a sub-bandgap of 2.51 eV.The exciton distributions in the four investigated interfaces can spread across several unit cells,especially for the hydroxylated TiO2substrate.Although the hydroxylated TiO_(2)substrate leads to a lower open-circuit voltage,it may increase the separation between photogenerated electrons and holes and may therefore be beneficial for improving the photovoltaic efficiency by controlling its concentration.Our results may provide guidance for the design of highly efficient solar cells in future.展开更多
Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)has attracted considerable attention as a non-toxic and earthabundant solar cell material.During selenization of CZTSSe film at high temperature,the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo...Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)has attracted considerable attention as a non-toxic and earthabundant solar cell material.During selenization of CZTSSe film at high temperature,the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo is one of the main reasons that result in unfavorable absorber and interface quality,which leads to large open circuit voltage deficit(VOC-def)and low fill factor(FF).Herein,a WO_(3)intermediate layer introduced at the back interface can effectually inhibit the unfavorable interface reaction between absorber and back electrode in the preliminary selenization progress;thus high-quality crystals are obtained.Through this back interface engineering,the traditional problems of phase segregation,voids in the absorber and over thick Mo(S,Se)_(2)at the back interface can be well solved,which greatly lessens the recombination in the bulk and at the interface.The increased minority carrier diffusion length,decreased barrier height at back interface contact and reduced deep acceptor defects give rise to systematic improvement in VOCand FF,finally a 12.66%conversion efficiency for CZTSSe solar cell has been achieved.This work provides a simple way to fabricate highly efficient solar cells and promotes a deeper understanding of the function of intermediate layer at back interface in kesterite-based solar cells.展开更多
Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface...Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface and passivate deep level defects in CZTSSe bulk concurrently for improving the performance of flexible device.The results show that In doping effectively inhibits the formation of secondary phase(Cu(S,Se)_(2))and VSndefects.Further studies demonstrate that the barrier height at the back interface is decreased and the deep level defects(Cu_(Sn)defects)in CZTSSe bulk are passivated.Moreover,the carrier concentration is increased and the V_(OC) deficit(V_(OC,def))is decreased significantly due to In doping.Finally,the flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 10.01%power conversion efficiency(PCE)has been obtained.The synergistic strategy of interface modification and bulk defects passivation through In incorporation provides a new thought for the fabrication of efficient flexible kesterite-based solar cells.展开更多
Heterojunction photocatalysts have shown considerable activities for organic pollutants degradation.However,the faint connection interface and inferior charge shift efficiency critically block the property of heteroju...Heterojunction photocatalysts have shown considerable activities for organic pollutants degradation.However,the faint connection interface and inferior charge shift efficiency critically block the property of heterojunction photocatalysis.Herein,Bi_(2)O_(2)S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) nanosheets heterojunction with ultrastrong inter-face interaction and high internal electric field are designed by an in-situ growth method.Tentative and theoretical consequences prove that the interfacial interaction and internal electric field not only act as the electron flow bridge but also decrease the electrons shift energy obstacle,thus speeding up electrons transfer and achieving effective spatial electron-hole separation.Therefore,a large amount of·O_(2)^(-)and holes as active species were generated.Remarkably,Bi_(2)O_(2) S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) establishes a considerably boosted photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation(0.032 min^(-1)),which is about 14.2-fold and 7.8-fold of the pristine BOS and NFO,respectively.This work provides a promising motivation for modulating charge transfer by interface control and internal electric field to boost photocatalytic performance.展开更多
A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical techn...A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.展开更多
In this work,we numerically study the structure of the turbulent/nonturbulent(T/NT)interface in a fully developed spatially evolving axisymmetric wake by means of direct numerical simulations.There is a continuous and...In this work,we numerically study the structure of the turbulent/nonturbulent(T/NT)interface in a fully developed spatially evolving axisymmetric wake by means of direct numerical simulations.There is a continuous and contorted pure shear layer(PSL)adjacent to the outer edge of the T/NT interface.The local thickness of the PSLδ_(PSL)exhibits a wide range of scales(from the Kolmogorov scale to the Taylor microscale)and the conditional mean thickness<δ_(PSL)>I/η_(c)≈6 withη_(c)being the centerline Kolmogorov scale is the same as the viscous superlayer.In the viscous superlayer,the pure shear motions without rotation are overwhelmingly dominant.It is also demonstrated that the physics of the turbulent sublayer is closely related to the PSL with a large thickness.Another significant finding is that the time averaged area of the rotational regionA R,and the pure shear region<A_(S)>at different streamwise locations scale with the square of the wake-width b_(U)^(2).This study opens an avenue for a better understanding of the structures of the T/NT interface.展开更多
Very recently,experimental evidence showed that the hydrogen is retained in dithiol-terminated single-molecule junction under the widely adopted preparation conditions,which is in contrast to the accepted view[Nat.Che...Very recently,experimental evidence showed that the hydrogen is retained in dithiol-terminated single-molecule junction under the widely adopted preparation conditions,which is in contrast to the accepted view[Nat.Chem.11351(2019)].However,the hydrogen is generally assumed to be lost in the previous physical models of single-molecule junctions.Whether the retention of the hydrogen at the gold-sulfur interface exerts a significant effect on the theoretical prediction of spin transport properties is an open question.Therefore,here in this paper we carry out a comparative study of spin transport in M-tetraphenylporphyrin-based(M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe,and Co;M-TPP)single-molecule junction through Au-SR and Au-S(H)R bondings.The results show that the hydrogen at the gold-sulfur interface may dramatically affect the spin-filtering efficiency of M-TPP-based single-molecule junction,depending on the type of transition metal ions embedded into porphyrin ring.Moreover,we find that for the Co-TPP-based molecular junction,the hydrogen at the gold-sulfur interface has no obvious effect on transmission at the Fermi level,but it has a significant effect on the spin-dependent transmission dip induced by the quantum interference on the occupied side.Thus the fate of hydrogen should be concerned in the physical model according to the actual preparation condition,which is important for our fundamental understanding of spin transport in the single-molecule junctions.Our work also provides guidance in how to experimentally identify the nature of gold-sulfur interface in the single-molecule junction with spin-polarized transport.展开更多
We developed the high-gravity coupled liquid-liquid interface reaction technique on the basis of the rotating packed bed(RPB)reactor for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of silver sulfide(Ag2S)quantum dots(QDs)w...We developed the high-gravity coupled liquid-liquid interface reaction technique on the basis of the rotating packed bed(RPB)reactor for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of silver sulfide(Ag2S)quantum dots(QDs)with near-infrared(NIR)luminescence.The formation of Ag2S QDs occurs at the interface of microdroplets,and the average size of Ag2S QDs was 4.5 nm with a narrow size distribution.Ag2S QDs can disperse well in various organic solvents and exhibit NIR luminescence with a peak wavelength at 1270 nm under 980-nm laser excitation.The mechanism of the process intensification was revealed by both the computational fluid dynamics simulation and fluorescence imaging,and the mechanism is attributed to the small and uniform droplet formation in the RPB reactor.This study provides a novel approach for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of NIR Ag2S QDs for potential scale-up.展开更多
Sluggish kinetics of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)conversion chemistry and the ion channels formation in the cathode is still a bottleneck for developing future Li/S batteries with high-rate,long-cycling and high-energy.Here,a...Sluggish kinetics of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)conversion chemistry and the ion channels formation in the cathode is still a bottleneck for developing future Li/S batteries with high-rate,long-cycling and high-energy.Here,a rational cathode structure design of an oxygen(O)and nitrogen(N)tailoring carbon fiber aerogel(OCNF)as a host material integrated with platinum(Pt)electrocatalysis interface is employed to regulate Li/S conversion chemistry and ion channel.The Pt nanoparticles were uniformly sprayed onto the S surface to construct the electrocatalysis interface(Pt/S/OCNF)for generating ion channels to promote the effective penetration of electrolyte into the cathode.This Pt/S/OCNF gives the cathode a high sulfur utilization of 77.5%,an excellent rate capacity of 813.2 m Ah/g(2 C),and an outstanding long-cycling performance with a capacitance retention of 82.6%and a decay of 0.086%per cycle after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the Pt electrocatalysis interface makes the cathode a high density of state(DOS)at Fermi level to facilitate the electrical conductivity,charge transfer kinetics and electrocatalysis to accelerate the lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)electrochemical conversion.Furthermore,the unique chemisorption structure and adsorption ability of Li2Sn(n=1,2,4,6,8)and S8on OCNF are attributed to the bridging effects of interfacial Pt and the bonding of N-Li.The Pt electrocatalysis interface combined with the unique 3D hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional active sites at OCNF guarantee strong adsorption confinement,fast Li/S electrocatalytic conversion and unblocked ion channels for electrolyte permeation in cathode.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium-ion(Mg-ion)batteries have attracted wide attention for energy storage.However,magnesium anode is still limited by the irreversible Mg plating/stripping procedure.Herein,a well-designed binary Bi...Rechargeable magnesium-ion(Mg-ion)batteries have attracted wide attention for energy storage.However,magnesium anode is still limited by the irreversible Mg plating/stripping procedure.Herein,a well-designed binary Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)S_(3)(BO-BS)heterostructure is fulfilled by virtue of the cooperative interface and energy band engineering targeted fast Mg-ion storage.The built-in electronic field resulting from the asymmetrical electron distribution at the interface of electron-rich S center at Bi_(2)S_(3) side and electron-poor O center at Bi_(2)O_(3) side effectively accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics in the Mg-ion battery system.Moreover,the as-designed heterogenous interface also benefits to maintaining the electrode integrity.With these advantages,the BO-BS electrode displays a remarkable capacity of 150.36 mAh g^(−1) at 0.67 A g^(-1) and a superior cycling stability.This investigation would offer novel insights into the rational design of functional heterogenous electrode materials targeted the fast reaction kinetics for energy storage systems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22173057,52130204,12074241,11929401,12311530675)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.21JC1402700,22XD1400900,20501130600,21JC1402600)High-Performance Computing Center,Shanghai Technical Service Center of Science and Engineering Computing,Shanghai University。
文摘Metal-ceramic composites combine the excellent properties of metals and ceramics,which have high strength,stability,and corrosion re-sistance.Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo composites have been proven to be useful in ap-plications such as catalysts,mi-crowave absorption materials,and enhanced permeability dielectric.The understanding of the mechani-cal properties and dynamics at the atomic scale of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo in-terface can promote the design and exploitment of metal-ceramic composites.In this work,we have obtained Young’s modulus and diffusion coefficient of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface using molecular dynamics simulation,elucidated the structural characteristics of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface at the atomic scale,and investigated the impact of atomic magnetism and the exter-nal magnetic field on the interface.Simulated results show that Young’s modulus of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface is significantly improved compared with pure Al_(2)O_(3)and FeCo alloy at room and high temperatures.When the atomic magnetism and the external magnetic field are applied,Young’s modulus of the Al_(2)O_(3)/FeCo interface further increases to 612 GPa at 300 K and 602 GPa at 500 K.Moreover,the average density,diffusion coefficient,and radial distri-bution function are found to be modified substantially.This study will shed light on the atom-istic investigations of the metal-ceramic composites.
基金supported by grants from NIH T32(DK007260,to WC)the Steno North American Fellowship awarded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0087108,to WC).
文摘The shared links between Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two prevalent conditions that come with substantial daily struggles.Emerging evidence highlights that these diseases share similar pathophysiological features,including insulin resistance and chronic inflammation,which contribute to their rapid progression(Chen et al.,2022).Insulin resistance,a hallmark of T2DM,has been suggested to exacerbate neurodegeneration in AD.Similarly,chronic low-grade inflammation in T2DM parallels with neuroinflammation,which is observed in AD,suggesting overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms in T2DM and AD.
基金financially supported by the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China[No.2022YFF1202500,2022YFF1202502]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[62071459]+1 种基金the Subject arrangement Foundation of Shen-zhen[No.JCYJ20180507182057026]the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Bingtuan[No.2022BC008]。
文摘The difficulty in fabricating a multifaceted composite heterojunction system based on Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S limits the enhancement of photocatalytic performance.In the present scrutiny,novel ZnO/Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S/CdS com-posite heterojunctions are successfully prepared by the alkaline dissolution etching method.The internal electric field at the interface of I-type and Z-scheme heterojunction improved the effective charge sepa-ration.The ZC 8 sample exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance and the H2 production efficiency is 15.67 mmol g^(−1) h^(−1) with good stability up to 82.9%in 24-hour cycles.The performance of CH_(4) and CO capacity in the CO_(2) RR process is 3.47μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and 23.5μmol g^(−1) h^(−1),respectively.The photogener-ated accelerated charge transport is then examined in detail by in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISXPS)and density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This work presents a new idea for the synthe-sis of Cd_(x) Zn_(1-x) S solid-solution-based materials and provides a solid reference for the detailed mechanism regarding the electric field at the heterojunction interface.
基金supported by Research and Innovation Foundation of Wuhan Asia General Hospital,No.2022KYCX1-B10(to FH)the Natural ScienceFoundation of Hubei Province,No.2023AFB550(to FH)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32400554(to FH),82371444(to YZ)theGuiding Project of the Scientific Research Program of the Department of Education of Hubei Province,No.B2021016(to FH)the Natural Science Foundationof Hubei Province,No.2024AFB853(to QW).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease-associated transcriptomic landscapes have been defined in brain tissue.However,changes in blood RNA and their clinical relevance remain poorly understood.In this study,we developed an RNA profile based on 1468 blood samples from both human and mouse studies,which include bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq),microRNA-seq,and single-cell RNA-seq data.We developed a comprehensive analysis pipeline that conducted over 11 million comparisons and correlations to identify more than 20,000 blood features.With these findings,we established a blood RNA database related to Alzheimer’s disease,RNAs in Blood of AD(RBAD,http://www.bioinform.cn/RBAD/).Using RBAD,we initially validated well-established Alzheimer’s disease-related pathways,including olfactory transduction.We then observed a decrease in both the proportion and functionality of erythroid cells,likely attributed to their elevated CD45 levels and interactions with GZMK^(+)CD8^(+)T cells.Furthermore,we identified 449 blood RNAs linked to patients’overall survival,along with two mRNAs(H4C3 and CTU1)associated with cognitive decline.In summary,RBAD is the first web-based analysis platform dedicated to investigating blood RNA changes in Alzheimer’s disease,and provides valuable insights into potential peripheral biomarkers and pathogenic mechanisms related to Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22275156,52025132,21,621,091,52300138,22021001 and 22121001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.20720220019)+2 种基金the National Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(No.2022J02059)the 111 Project(Nos.B17027,B16029)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘The development of next-generation electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers requires a shift in interface design.By employing hierarchical work function programming,we propose an approach to tune interfacial polarization dynamics.This method utilizes multi-gradient work functions to guide carrier migration and polarization effectively,thereby enhancing energy dissipation under alternating electromagnetic fields.Here,we constructed a 1T/2H-MoS_(2)/PPy/VS_(2) composite absorber with integrated gradient interfaces.The composite achieved a powerful absorption(RLmin)of-58.59 dB at 2.3 mm,and an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 7.44 GHz at 2.5 mm,demonstrating improved broadband absorption.Radar cross-section(RCS)simulations show an EMW loss of-7.2 dB m^(2) at 0°,highlighting its potential for stealth and communication applications.This study introduces hierarchical work function programming as a promising strategy in EMW absorber design,contributing to advancements in material performance and functionality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, No. 51522203, 51772040)Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (No. 151047)+2 种基金the Recruitment Program of Global Youth ExpertsXinghai Scholarship of Dalian University of Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. DUT18LAB19)
文摘Use of metallic Li anode raises serious concerns on the safety and operational performance of Li-S batteries due to uncontrolled hazard of Li dendrite formation, which is difficultly eliminated as long as the metallic Li exists in the cells. Pairing lithium sulfide (Li2S) cathode with currently available metallic Lifree high-capacity anodes offers an alternative solution to this challenge. However, the performance of Li2S cathode is primarily restricted by high activation barrier upon initial charge, low active mass utilization and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, a MXene-induced multifunctional collaborative interface is proposed to afford superb activity towards redox solid-liquid/liquid-liquid phase transformation, strong chemisorption, high conductivity and fast ionic/charge transport in high Li2S loading cathode. Applying collaborative interface effectively reduces initial voltage barrier of Li2S activation and regulates the kinetic behavior of redox polysulfide conversion. Therefore, stable operation of additive-free Li2S cathode with high areal capacities at high Li2S loading up to 9 mg cm^-2 can be achieved with less sacrifice of high capacity and rate capability in Li-S batteries. Rechargeable metallic Li-free batteries are successfully constructed by pairing this high-performance Li2S cathode with high-capacity metal oxide anodes, which delivers superior energy density to current Li-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(No.2020L0609 and No.2020L0556)the Doctoral research funds of Jinzhong University(jzxybsjjxm2019005)the Basic Research Program in Shanxi Province under the Grant No.20210302124345。
文摘Catechol adsorbed on TiO_(2)is one of the simplest models to explore the relevant properties of dye-sensitized solar cells.However,the effects of water and defects on the electronic levels and the excitonic properties of the catechol/TiO_(2)interface have been rarely explored.Here,we investigate four catechol/TiO_(2)interfaces aiming to study the influence of coverage,water,and defects on the electronic levels and the excitonic properties of the catechol/TiO_(2)interface through the first-principles many-body Green’s function theory.We find that the adsorption of catechol on the rutile(110)surface increases the energies of both the TiO_(2)valence band maximum and conduction band minimum by approximately 0.7 eV.The increasing coverage and the presence of water can reduce the optical absorption of charge-transfer excitons with maximum oscillator strength.Regarding the reduced hydroxylated TiO_(2)substrate,the conduction band minimum decreases greatly,resulting in a sub-bandgap of 2.51 eV.The exciton distributions in the four investigated interfaces can spread across several unit cells,especially for the hydroxylated TiO2substrate.Although the hydroxylated TiO_(2)substrate leads to a lower open-circuit voltage,it may increase the separation between photogenerated electrons and holes and may therefore be beneficial for improving the photovoltaic efficiency by controlling its concentration.Our results may provide guidance for the design of highly efficient solar cells in future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2018YFE0203400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62074102)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(no.2022A1515010979)the Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen(nos.JCYJ20190808120001755 and 20220808165025003)。
文摘Kesterite Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)has attracted considerable attention as a non-toxic and earthabundant solar cell material.During selenization of CZTSSe film at high temperature,the reaction between CZTSSe and Mo is one of the main reasons that result in unfavorable absorber and interface quality,which leads to large open circuit voltage deficit(VOC-def)and low fill factor(FF).Herein,a WO_(3)intermediate layer introduced at the back interface can effectually inhibit the unfavorable interface reaction between absorber and back electrode in the preliminary selenization progress;thus high-quality crystals are obtained.Through this back interface engineering,the traditional problems of phase segregation,voids in the absorber and over thick Mo(S,Se)_(2)at the back interface can be well solved,which greatly lessens the recombination in the bulk and at the interface.The increased minority carrier diffusion length,decreased barrier height at back interface contact and reduced deep acceptor defects give rise to systematic improvement in VOCand FF,finally a 12.66%conversion efficiency for CZTSSe solar cell has been achieved.This work provides a simple way to fabricate highly efficient solar cells and promotes a deeper understanding of the function of intermediate layer at back interface in kesterite-based solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074037)the Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(2020I0006)the Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ124)。
文摘Focusing on the low open circuit voltage(V_(OC))and fill factor(FF)in flexible Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)(CZTSSe)solar cells,indium(In)ions are introduced into the CZTSSe absorbers near Mo foils to modify the back interface and passivate deep level defects in CZTSSe bulk concurrently for improving the performance of flexible device.The results show that In doping effectively inhibits the formation of secondary phase(Cu(S,Se)_(2))and VSndefects.Further studies demonstrate that the barrier height at the back interface is decreased and the deep level defects(Cu_(Sn)defects)in CZTSSe bulk are passivated.Moreover,the carrier concentration is increased and the V_(OC) deficit(V_(OC,def))is decreased significantly due to In doping.Finally,the flexible CZTSSe solar cell with 10.01%power conversion efficiency(PCE)has been obtained.The synergistic strategy of interface modification and bulk defects passivation through In incorporation provides a new thought for the fabrication of efficient flexible kesterite-based solar cells.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as general projects(Grant Nos.51779068,52070066,52211530084,42277059,and 22006029)Tianjin Commission of Science and Technology as key technologies R&D projects(No.21YFSNSN00250)+1 种基金Doctoral Inno-vation Project of Hebei Province(CXZZBS2023031)the Royal Society/International Exchanges 2021 Cost Share/NSFC(Grant No.IEC\NSFC\211142).
文摘Heterojunction photocatalysts have shown considerable activities for organic pollutants degradation.However,the faint connection interface and inferior charge shift efficiency critically block the property of heterojunction photocatalysis.Herein,Bi_(2)O_(2)S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) nanosheets heterojunction with ultrastrong inter-face interaction and high internal electric field are designed by an in-situ growth method.Tentative and theoretical consequences prove that the interfacial interaction and internal electric field not only act as the electron flow bridge but also decrease the electrons shift energy obstacle,thus speeding up electrons transfer and achieving effective spatial electron-hole separation.Therefore,a large amount of·O_(2)^(-)and holes as active species were generated.Remarkably,Bi_(2)O_(2) S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) establishes a considerably boosted photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation(0.032 min^(-1)),which is about 14.2-fold and 7.8-fold of the pristine BOS and NFO,respectively.This work provides a promising motivation for modulating charge transfer by interface control and internal electric field to boost photocatalytic performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51109106)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20130946)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘A transient three-dimensional coupling model based on the compressible volume of fluid （VOF） method was developed to simulate the transport of volatile pollutants at the air-water interface. VOF is a numerical technique for locating and tracking the free surface of water flow. The relationships between Henry＇s constant, thermodynamics parameters, and the enlarged topological index were proposed for nonstandard conditions. A series of experiments and numerical simulations were performed to study the transport of benzene and carbinol. The simulation results agreed with the experimental results. Temperature had no effect on mass transfer of pollutants with low transfer free energy and high Henry＇s constant. The temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants with high transfer free energy and low Henry＇s constant was affected by temperature. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased significantly with temperature, with significant fluctuations at low temperatures. The total enthalpy and total transfer free energy increased steadily without fluctuation at high temperatures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.91952105)the Six Tal-ent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(No.2019-SZCY-005)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central University(No.30921011212).
文摘In this work,we numerically study the structure of the turbulent/nonturbulent(T/NT)interface in a fully developed spatially evolving axisymmetric wake by means of direct numerical simulations.There is a continuous and contorted pure shear layer(PSL)adjacent to the outer edge of the T/NT interface.The local thickness of the PSLδ_(PSL)exhibits a wide range of scales(from the Kolmogorov scale to the Taylor microscale)and the conditional mean thickness<δ_(PSL)>I/η_(c)≈6 withη_(c)being the centerline Kolmogorov scale is the same as the viscous superlayer.In the viscous superlayer,the pure shear motions without rotation are overwhelmingly dominant.It is also demonstrated that the physics of the turbulent sublayer is closely related to the PSL with a large thickness.Another significant finding is that the time averaged area of the rotational regionA R,and the pure shear region<A_(S)>at different streamwise locations scale with the square of the wake-width b_(U)^(2).This study opens an avenue for a better understanding of the structures of the T/NT interface.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11674092,11804093,and 61764005)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2019JJ40006)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of the Education Department of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.18B368)the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Hengyang City,China(Grant No.2018KJ121)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2016TP1020).
文摘Very recently,experimental evidence showed that the hydrogen is retained in dithiol-terminated single-molecule junction under the widely adopted preparation conditions,which is in contrast to the accepted view[Nat.Chem.11351(2019)].However,the hydrogen is generally assumed to be lost in the previous physical models of single-molecule junctions.Whether the retention of the hydrogen at the gold-sulfur interface exerts a significant effect on the theoretical prediction of spin transport properties is an open question.Therefore,here in this paper we carry out a comparative study of spin transport in M-tetraphenylporphyrin-based(M=V,Cr,Mn,Fe,and Co;M-TPP)single-molecule junction through Au-SR and Au-S(H)R bondings.The results show that the hydrogen at the gold-sulfur interface may dramatically affect the spin-filtering efficiency of M-TPP-based single-molecule junction,depending on the type of transition metal ions embedded into porphyrin ring.Moreover,we find that for the Co-TPP-based molecular junction,the hydrogen at the gold-sulfur interface has no obvious effect on transmission at the Fermi level,but it has a significant effect on the spin-dependent transmission dip induced by the quantum interference on the occupied side.Thus the fate of hydrogen should be concerned in the physical model according to the actual preparation condition,which is important for our fundamental understanding of spin transport in the single-molecule junctions.Our work also provides guidance in how to experimentally identify the nature of gold-sulfur interface in the single-molecule junction with spin-polarized transport.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21808009)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2182051).
文摘We developed the high-gravity coupled liquid-liquid interface reaction technique on the basis of the rotating packed bed(RPB)reactor for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of silver sulfide(Ag2S)quantum dots(QDs)with near-infrared(NIR)luminescence.The formation of Ag2S QDs occurs at the interface of microdroplets,and the average size of Ag2S QDs was 4.5 nm with a narrow size distribution.Ag2S QDs can disperse well in various organic solvents and exhibit NIR luminescence with a peak wavelength at 1270 nm under 980-nm laser excitation.The mechanism of the process intensification was revealed by both the computational fluid dynamics simulation and fluorescence imaging,and the mechanism is attributed to the small and uniform droplet formation in the RPB reactor.This study provides a novel approach for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of NIR Ag2S QDs for potential scale-up.
基金funding support from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0100100)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21961024,21961025,21433013,U1832218)+5 种基金Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(No.2018JQ05)Supported by Incentive Funding from Nano Innovation Institute(NII)of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities(IMUN)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Funding Project for Science&Technology Achievement Transformation(No.CGZH2018156)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Incentive Funding Guided Project for Science&Technology Innovation(2016)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science&Technology Planning Project for Applied Technology Research and Development(No.2019GG261)Tongliao Funding Project for Application Technology Research&Development(2017)。
文摘Sluggish kinetics of lithium/sulfur(Li/S)conversion chemistry and the ion channels formation in the cathode is still a bottleneck for developing future Li/S batteries with high-rate,long-cycling and high-energy.Here,a rational cathode structure design of an oxygen(O)and nitrogen(N)tailoring carbon fiber aerogel(OCNF)as a host material integrated with platinum(Pt)electrocatalysis interface is employed to regulate Li/S conversion chemistry and ion channel.The Pt nanoparticles were uniformly sprayed onto the S surface to construct the electrocatalysis interface(Pt/S/OCNF)for generating ion channels to promote the effective penetration of electrolyte into the cathode.This Pt/S/OCNF gives the cathode a high sulfur utilization of 77.5%,an excellent rate capacity of 813.2 m Ah/g(2 C),and an outstanding long-cycling performance with a capacitance retention of 82.6%and a decay of 0.086%per cycle after 200 cycles at 0.5 C.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the Pt electrocatalysis interface makes the cathode a high density of state(DOS)at Fermi level to facilitate the electrical conductivity,charge transfer kinetics and electrocatalysis to accelerate the lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)electrochemical conversion.Furthermore,the unique chemisorption structure and adsorption ability of Li2Sn(n=1,2,4,6,8)and S8on OCNF are attributed to the bridging effects of interfacial Pt and the bonding of N-Li.The Pt electrocatalysis interface combined with the unique 3D hierarchical porous structure and abundant functional active sites at OCNF guarantee strong adsorption confinement,fast Li/S electrocatalytic conversion and unblocked ion channels for electrolyte permeation in cathode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172239)Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials(SWUST,Grant Nos.22fksy23 and 18ZD320304)+3 种基金the Frontier Project of Chengdu Tianfu New Area Institute(SWUST,Grand No.2022ZY017)Chongqing Talents:Exceptional Young Talents Project(Grant No.CQYC201905041)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing China(Grant No.cstc2021jcyj-jqX0031)Interdiscipline Team Project under auspices of“Light of West”Program in Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.xbzg-zdsys-202106).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium-ion(Mg-ion)batteries have attracted wide attention for energy storage.However,magnesium anode is still limited by the irreversible Mg plating/stripping procedure.Herein,a well-designed binary Bi_(2)O_(3)-Bi_(2)S_(3)(BO-BS)heterostructure is fulfilled by virtue of the cooperative interface and energy band engineering targeted fast Mg-ion storage.The built-in electronic field resulting from the asymmetrical electron distribution at the interface of electron-rich S center at Bi_(2)S_(3) side and electron-poor O center at Bi_(2)O_(3) side effectively accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics in the Mg-ion battery system.Moreover,the as-designed heterogenous interface also benefits to maintaining the electrode integrity.With these advantages,the BO-BS electrode displays a remarkable capacity of 150.36 mAh g^(−1) at 0.67 A g^(-1) and a superior cycling stability.This investigation would offer novel insights into the rational design of functional heterogenous electrode materials targeted the fast reaction kinetics for energy storage systems.
