On the basis of the study on road elements and th e existing three-dimensional road data models,this paper puts forward the transe ct-based road modeling,resolves the modeling of the simplest road with two roa d trans...On the basis of the study on road elements and th e existing three-dimensional road data models,this paper puts forward the transe ct-based road modeling,resolves the modeling of the simplest road with two roa d transects,and fulfils the visualization of the road.OpenGL is applied as the tool of visualization.The map texture technology,LOD algorithm and dynamic mu lti-differentiating texture technology are of benefit to the construction of 3D road GIS,and improve the speed of roaming and effective visualization.This pa per also disusses the combination of 2D digitall road map and 3D road scene,and the dynamic response between them.Finally,on the basis of the research on the transect-based road model,this paper develops the three-dimensional road geo graphic information system called virtual road(VRoad),which not only suppli es road designers with a set of tool which can turn the designed 2D road data in to 3D road and the high road assistant function area in computer,but also suppl ies the road management with a set of tool which can realize the road real time and interactive roaming,high-efficiency management.展开更多
In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen ...In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen to establish an initial road model,which is specified by a series of control points and tension parameters.Then,in view of the initial road model,a gradual optimization algorithm,which can determine the reasonable control points and optimal tension parameters according to the degree of the change of road curvature,is proposed to determine the final road model.Finally,the proposed road modeling method is verified a d evaluated through experiments,and it is compared with the conventional method for digital maps based on the B-spline.The results show that the proposed method can resize a neaoptimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements.Compared with the conventional method based on the B-spline,this method occupies less data storage and achieves higher accuracy.展开更多
A solution to compute the optimal path based on a single-line-single-directional（SLSD）road network model is proposed.Unlike the traditional road network model,in the SLSD conceptual model,being single-directional an...A solution to compute the optimal path based on a single-line-single-directional（SLSD）road network model is proposed.Unlike the traditional road network model,in the SLSD conceptual model,being single-directional and single-line style,a road is no longer a linkage of road nodes but abstracted as a network node.Similarly,a road node is abstracted as the linkage of two ordered single-directional roads.This model can describe turn restrictions,circular roads,and other real scenarios usually described using a super-graph.Then a computing framework for optimal path finding（OPF）is presented.It is proved that classical Dijkstra and A algorithms can be directly used for OPF computing of any real-world road networks by transferring a super-graph to an SLSD network.Finally,using Singapore road network data,the proposed conceptual model and its corresponding optimal path finding algorithms are validated using a two-step optimal path finding algorithm with a pre-computing strategy based on the SLSD road network.展开更多
Vision-based road detection is an important research topic in different areas of computer vision such as the autonomous navigation of mobile robots.In outdoor unstructured environments such as villages and deserts,the...Vision-based road detection is an important research topic in different areas of computer vision such as the autonomous navigation of mobile robots.In outdoor unstructured environments such as villages and deserts,the roads are usually not well-paved and have variant colors or texture distributions.Traditional region- or edge-based approaches,however,are effective only in specific environments,and most of them have weak adaptability to varying road types and appearances.In this paper we describe a novel top-down based hybrid algorithm which properly combines both region and edge cues from the images.The main difference between our proposed algorithm and previous ones is that,before road detection,an off-line scene classifier is efficiently learned by both low- and high-level image cues to predict the unstructured road model.This scene classification can be considered a decision process which guides the selection of the optimal solution from region- or edge-based approaches to detect the road.Moreover,a temporal smoothing mechanism is incorporated,which further makes both model prediction and region classification more stable.Experimental results demonstrate that compared with traditional region- and edge-based algorithms,our algorithm is more robust in detecting the road areas with diverse road types and varying appearances in unstructured conditions.展开更多
Mathematical models of tire-longitudinal road adhesion for use in the study of road vehicle dynamics are set up so as to express the relations of longitudinal adhesion coefficients with the slip ratio. They perfect th...Mathematical models of tire-longitudinal road adhesion for use in the study of road vehicle dynamics are set up so as to express the relations of longitudinal adhesion coefficients with the slip ratio. They perfect the Pacejka's models in practical use by taking into account the influences of all essential parameters such as road surface condition. vehicle velocity. slip angle. vertical load and slip ratio on the longitudinal adhesion coefficients. The new models are more comprehensive more concise. simpler and more convenient in application in all kinds of simulations of car dynamics in various sorts of braking modes.展开更多
Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new system that enables individual vehicles to connect with nearby vehicles,people, transportation infrastructure, and networks, thereby realizing amore intelligent and efficient transp...Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new system that enables individual vehicles to connect with nearby vehicles,people, transportation infrastructure, and networks, thereby realizing amore intelligent and efficient transportationsystem. The movement of vehicles and the three-dimensional (3D) nature of the road network cause the topologicalstructure of IoV to have the high space and time complexity.Network modeling and structure recognition for 3Droads can benefit the description of topological changes for IoV. This paper proposes a 3Dgeneral roadmodel basedon discrete points of roads obtained from GIS. First, the constraints imposed by 3D roads on moving vehicles areanalyzed. Then the effects of road curvature radius (Ra), longitudinal slope (Slo), and length (Len) on speed andacceleration are studied. Finally, a general 3D road network model based on road section features is established.This paper also presents intersection and road section recognition methods based on the structural features ofthe 3D road network model and the road features. Real GIS data from a specific region of Beijing is adopted tocreate the simulation scenario, and the simulation results validate the general 3D road network model and therecognitionmethod. Therefore, thiswork makes contributions to the field of intelligent transportation by providinga comprehensive approach tomodeling the 3Droad network and its topological changes in achieving efficient trafficflowand improved road safety.展开更多
This is the first of a three-part series of pape rs which introduces a general background of building trajectory-oriented road net work data models, including motivation, related works, and basic concepts. The p urpos...This is the first of a three-part series of pape rs which introduces a general background of building trajectory-oriented road net work data models, including motivation, related works, and basic concepts. The p urpose of the series is to develop a trajectory-oriented road network data mode l, namely carriageway-based road network data model (CRNM). Part 1 deals with t he modeling background. Part 2 proposes the principle and architecture of the CR NM. Part 3 investigates the implementation of the CRNM in a case study. In the p resent paper, the challenges of managing trajectory data are discussed. Then, de veloping trajectory-oriented road network data models is proposed as a solution and existing road network data models are reviewed. Basic representation approa ches of a road network are introduced as well as its constitution.展开更多
This is the second of a three-part series of papers which presents the principle and architecture of the CRNM, a trajectory-oriented, carriageway-based road network data model. The first part of the series has introdu...This is the second of a three-part series of papers which presents the principle and architecture of the CRNM, a trajectory-oriented, carriageway-based road network data model. The first part of the series has introduced a general background of building trajectory-oriented road network data models, including motivation, related works, and basic concepts. Based on it, this paper describs the CRNM in detail. At first, the notion of basic roadway entity is proposed and discussed. Secondly, carriageway is selected as the basic roadway entity after compared with other kinds of roadway, and approaches to representing other roadways with carriageways are introduced. At last, an overall architecture of the CRNM is proposed.展开更多
This is the final of a three-part series of papers which mainly discusses the implementation issues of the CRNM. The first two papers in the series have introduced the modeling background and methodology, respectively...This is the final of a three-part series of papers which mainly discusses the implementation issues of the CRNM. The first two papers in the series have introduced the modeling background and methodology, respectively. An overall architecture of the CRNM has been proposed in the last paper. On the basis of the above discusses, a linear reference method (LRM) for providing spatial references for location points of a trajectory is developed. A case study is introduced to illustrate the application of the CRNM for modeling a road network in the real world is given. A comprehensive conclusion is given for the series of papers.展开更多
In order to improve the forecasting precision of road accidents, by introducing Markov chains forecasting method, a grey-Markov model for forecasting road accidents is established based on grey forecasting method. The...In order to improve the forecasting precision of road accidents, by introducing Markov chains forecasting method, a grey-Markov model for forecasting road accidents is established based on grey forecasting method. The model combines the advantages of both grey forecasting method and Markov chains forecasting method, overcomes the influence of random fluctuation data on forecasting precision and widens the application scope of the grey forecasting. An application example is conducted to evaluate the grey-Markov model, which shows that the precision of the grey-Markov model is better than that of grey model in forecasting road accidents.展开更多
Constrained modeling and state estimation have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper focuses on target motion modeling and tracking in road coordinates. An improved initialization method,which uses the ...Constrained modeling and state estimation have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper focuses on target motion modeling and tracking in road coordinates. An improved initialization method,which uses the optimal fusion of the position measurements in different directions,is presented for the constraint coordinate Kalman filter(CCKF). The CCKF is evaluated with a comprehensive comparison to the state-of-art linear equality constraint estimation methods. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the better performance of the CCKF. Then the interacting multiple model CCKF(IMM-CCKF) is proposed to manifest the advantages of the CCKF in complex motion modeling and state estimations. The effectiveness of the IMM-CCKF in maneuvering target tracking with spatial equality constraints is demonstrated by numerical experiments.展开更多
In recent years, road piezoelectric energy harvesting (RPEH) has attracted great attention from industry and academia, as it can provide power to traffic ancillary facilities and low-power wireless sensor devices to s...In recent years, road piezoelectric energy harvesting (RPEH) has attracted great attention from industry and academia, as it can provide power to traffic ancillary facilities and low-power wireless sensor devices to support car networking and intelligent transportation. The output power of RPEH in a recent research project demonstrated a watt level RPEH. In this proposal, we propose to harvest energy from piezoelectric modules (also called stacks) to power selected highways, tolls, and bridges in Pennsylvania. The project incorporates electrical, mechanical, and civil engineering works. The proposed smart highway RPEH will be conducted using optimization parameters to evaluate the system performance and trade-offs. MATLAB will be used with other optimization solvers in problem modeling and optimization. During this project, an RPEH hardware system will be constructed. The system will include a piezoelectric module, rectifier (AC-DC), Storage battery, data acquisition system (DAQ), and computer. The captured data will be analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that optimum harvested parameters were addressed when the thickness is selected as 2 mm.展开更多
This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and su...This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.展开更多
Ramps and sloping roads appear everywhere in the built environment. It is obvious that the movement pattern of people in the sloping path may be different as compared with the pattern on level roads. Previously, most ...Ramps and sloping roads appear everywhere in the built environment. It is obvious that the movement pattern of people in the sloping path may be different as compared with the pattern on level roads. Previously, most of the studies, especially the mathematical and simulation models, on pedestrian movement consider the flow at level routes.This study proposes a new lattice model for bidirectional pedestrian flow on gradient road. The stability condition is obtained by using linear stability theory. The nonlinear analysis method is employed to derive the modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV) equation, and the space of pedestrian flow is divided into three regions: the stable region, the metastable region, and the unstable region respectively. Furthermore, the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landan(TDGL) equation is deduced and solved through the reductive perturbation method. Finally, we present detailed results obtained from the model, and it is found that the stability of the model is enhanced in uphill situation while reduced in downhill situation with increasing slope.展开更多
This paper proposes an adaptive agent model with a hybrid routing selection strategy for studying the road-network congestion problem. We focus on improving those severely congested links. Firstly,a multi-agent system...This paper proposes an adaptive agent model with a hybrid routing selection strategy for studying the road-network congestion problem. We focus on improving those severely congested links. Firstly,a multi-agent system is built,where each agent stands for a vehicle,and it makes its routing selection by considering the shortest path and the minimum congested degree of the target link simultaneously. The agent-based model captures the nonlinear feedback between vehicle routing behaviors and road-network congestion status.Secondly,a hybrid routing selection strategy is provided,which guides the vehicle routes adapting to the realtime road-network congestion status. On this basis, we execute simulation experiments and compare the simulation results of network congestion distribution,by Floyd agent with shortest path strategy and our proposed adaptive agent with hybrid strategy. The simulation results show that our proposed model has reduced the congestion degree of those seriously congested links of road-network. Finally,we execute our model on a real road map. The results finds that those seriously congested roads have some common features such as located at the road junction or near the unique road connecting two areas. And,the results also show an effectiveness of our model on reduction of those seriously congested links in this actual road network. Such a bottom-up congestion control approach with a hybrid congestion optimization perspective will have its significance for actual traffic congestion control.展开更多
Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environm...Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environment in a more sustainable manner. In this sense, the ecosystems known as road verges are particularly important because of their length and surface at an international scale, and their role in mitigating the damage done by roads. Plant pollination by insects is one of the most important ecosystem services. Because of its nature and the fact that they extend across a variety of landscapes, roadside can contribute to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems, under the condition of adapted management practices. This research is the first attempt to develop a System Dynamics-based aiming to estimate the ecological and economic impact of maintenance on the road verge pollination service in France. Maintenance strategies of road verges are simulated to compare their performance. The results show that there are ways to improve current maintenance strategies in terms of pollination value, but also that the model needs to consider other ecosystem services and synergistic effects that could further affect pollination to obtain more accurate estimations.展开更多
This paper presents an approach of model-oriented road detection based on trapezoidal model proposed by H. Jeong, et al and fuzzy Support Vector Machine (SVM). Firstly, the frames ex-tracted from the video are preproc...This paper presents an approach of model-oriented road detection based on trapezoidal model proposed by H. Jeong, et al and fuzzy Support Vector Machine (SVM). Firstly, the frames ex-tracted from the video are preprocessed by Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN), and then handled by Kalman filter and Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithms. Next, according to the road's dif-ferent feathers, using fuzzy algorithm chooses a corresponding SVM for further lane detection, and then using morphological filters obtains the final detecting result. For different types of roads, this method uses fuzzy algorithm to choose different SVMs. Furthermore, in preprocessing using PCNN removes the shadow in the road to reduce the effect of illumination variations. Experimental results show that our method can receive better lane detecting results than the trapezoidal model and BP proposed by H. Jeong, et al..展开更多
基金Funded by the grants from Hubei province technology project of tackle key problem(No.2001AA104A01)Jilin province academy of road surveying and design.
文摘On the basis of the study on road elements and th e existing three-dimensional road data models,this paper puts forward the transe ct-based road modeling,resolves the modeling of the simplest road with two roa d transects,and fulfils the visualization of the road.OpenGL is applied as the tool of visualization.The map texture technology,LOD algorithm and dynamic mu lti-differentiating texture technology are of benefit to the construction of 3D road GIS,and improve the speed of roaming and effective visualization.This pa per also disusses the combination of 2D digitall road map and 3D road scene,and the dynamic response between them.Finally,on the basis of the research on the transect-based road model,this paper develops the three-dimensional road geo graphic information system called virtual road(VRoad),which not only suppli es road designers with a set of tool which can turn the designed 2D road data in to 3D road and the high road assistant function area in computer,but also suppl ies the road management with a set of tool which can realize the road real time and interactive roaming,high-efficiency management.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61273236)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2016YFC0802706,2017YFC0804804)+1 种基金the Program for Special Talents in Six Major Fields of Jiangsu Province(No.2017JXQC-003)the Project of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z161100001416001)
文摘In order to realize an optimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements ofroad models,a road modeling method for digital maps based on cardinal spline is studied.First,the cardinal spline is chosen to establish an initial road model,which is specified by a series of control points and tension parameters.Then,in view of the initial road model,a gradual optimization algorithm,which can determine the reasonable control points and optimal tension parameters according to the degree of the change of road curvature,is proposed to determine the final road model.Finally,the proposed road modeling method is verified a d evaluated through experiments,and it is compared with the conventional method for digital maps based on the B-spline.The results show that the proposed method can resize a neaoptimal balance between the efficiency and reliability requirements.Compared with the conventional method based on the B-spline,this method occupies less data storage and achieves higher accuracy.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of China during the 11th Five Year Plan Period(No.2008BAJ11B01)
文摘A solution to compute the optimal path based on a single-line-single-directional（SLSD）road network model is proposed.Unlike the traditional road network model,in the SLSD conceptual model,being single-directional and single-line style,a road is no longer a linkage of road nodes but abstracted as a network node.Similarly,a road node is abstracted as the linkage of two ordered single-directional roads.This model can describe turn restrictions,circular roads,and other real scenarios usually described using a super-graph.Then a computing framework for optimal path finding（OPF）is presented.It is proved that classical Dijkstra and A algorithms can be directly used for OPF computing of any real-world road networks by transferring a super-graph to an SLSD network.Finally,using Singapore road network data,the proposed conceptual model and its corresponding optimal path finding algorithms are validated using a two-step optimal path finding algorithm with a pre-computing strategy based on the SLSD road network.
文摘Vision-based road detection is an important research topic in different areas of computer vision such as the autonomous navigation of mobile robots.In outdoor unstructured environments such as villages and deserts,the roads are usually not well-paved and have variant colors or texture distributions.Traditional region- or edge-based approaches,however,are effective only in specific environments,and most of them have weak adaptability to varying road types and appearances.In this paper we describe a novel top-down based hybrid algorithm which properly combines both region and edge cues from the images.The main difference between our proposed algorithm and previous ones is that,before road detection,an off-line scene classifier is efficiently learned by both low- and high-level image cues to predict the unstructured road model.This scene classification can be considered a decision process which guides the selection of the optimal solution from region- or edge-based approaches to detect the road.Moreover,a temporal smoothing mechanism is incorporated,which further makes both model prediction and region classification more stable.Experimental results demonstrate that compared with traditional region- and edge-based algorithms,our algorithm is more robust in detecting the road areas with diverse road types and varying appearances in unstructured conditions.
文摘Mathematical models of tire-longitudinal road adhesion for use in the study of road vehicle dynamics are set up so as to express the relations of longitudinal adhesion coefficients with the slip ratio. They perfect the Pacejka's models in practical use by taking into account the influences of all essential parameters such as road surface condition. vehicle velocity. slip angle. vertical load and slip ratio on the longitudinal adhesion coefficients. The new models are more comprehensive more concise. simpler and more convenient in application in all kinds of simulations of car dynamics in various sorts of braking modes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62272063,62072056 and 61902041)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Nos.2022JJ30617 and 2020JJ2029)+4 种基金Open Research Fund of Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.JZNY202102)the Traffic Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province,China(No.202042)Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2022GK2019)this work was funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2023R681)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is a new system that enables individual vehicles to connect with nearby vehicles,people, transportation infrastructure, and networks, thereby realizing amore intelligent and efficient transportationsystem. The movement of vehicles and the three-dimensional (3D) nature of the road network cause the topologicalstructure of IoV to have the high space and time complexity.Network modeling and structure recognition for 3Droads can benefit the description of topological changes for IoV. This paper proposes a 3Dgeneral roadmodel basedon discrete points of roads obtained from GIS. First, the constraints imposed by 3D roads on moving vehicles areanalyzed. Then the effects of road curvature radius (Ra), longitudinal slope (Slo), and length (Len) on speed andacceleration are studied. Finally, a general 3D road network model based on road section features is established.This paper also presents intersection and road section recognition methods based on the structural features ofthe 3D road network model and the road features. Real GIS data from a specific region of Beijing is adopted tocreate the simulation scenario, and the simulation results validate the general 3D road network model and therecognitionmethod. Therefore, thiswork makes contributions to the field of intelligent transportation by providinga comprehensive approach tomodeling the 3Droad network and its topological changes in achieving efficient trafficflowand improved road safety.
文摘This is the first of a three-part series of pape rs which introduces a general background of building trajectory-oriented road net work data models, including motivation, related works, and basic concepts. The p urpose of the series is to develop a trajectory-oriented road network data mode l, namely carriageway-based road network data model (CRNM). Part 1 deals with t he modeling background. Part 2 proposes the principle and architecture of the CR NM. Part 3 investigates the implementation of the CRNM in a case study. In the p resent paper, the challenges of managing trajectory data are discussed. Then, de veloping trajectory-oriented road network data models is proposed as a solution and existing road network data models are reviewed. Basic representation approa ches of a road network are introduced as well as its constitution.
文摘This is the second of a three-part series of papers which presents the principle and architecture of the CRNM, a trajectory-oriented, carriageway-based road network data model. The first part of the series has introduced a general background of building trajectory-oriented road network data models, including motivation, related works, and basic concepts. Based on it, this paper describs the CRNM in detail. At first, the notion of basic roadway entity is proposed and discussed. Secondly, carriageway is selected as the basic roadway entity after compared with other kinds of roadway, and approaches to representing other roadways with carriageways are introduced. At last, an overall architecture of the CRNM is proposed.
文摘This is the final of a three-part series of papers which mainly discusses the implementation issues of the CRNM. The first two papers in the series have introduced the modeling background and methodology, respectively. An overall architecture of the CRNM has been proposed in the last paper. On the basis of the above discusses, a linear reference method (LRM) for providing spatial references for location points of a trajectory is developed. A case study is introduced to illustrate the application of the CRNM for modeling a road network in the real world is given. A comprehensive conclusion is given for the series of papers.
文摘In order to improve the forecasting precision of road accidents, by introducing Markov chains forecasting method, a grey-Markov model for forecasting road accidents is established based on grey forecasting method. The model combines the advantages of both grey forecasting method and Markov chains forecasting method, overcomes the influence of random fluctuation data on forecasting precision and widens the application scope of the grey forecasting. An application example is conducted to evaluate the grey-Markov model, which shows that the precision of the grey-Markov model is better than that of grey model in forecasting road accidents.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61201311)
文摘Constrained modeling and state estimation have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper focuses on target motion modeling and tracking in road coordinates. An improved initialization method,which uses the optimal fusion of the position measurements in different directions,is presented for the constraint coordinate Kalman filter(CCKF). The CCKF is evaluated with a comprehensive comparison to the state-of-art linear equality constraint estimation methods. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the better performance of the CCKF. Then the interacting multiple model CCKF(IMM-CCKF) is proposed to manifest the advantages of the CCKF in complex motion modeling and state estimations. The effectiveness of the IMM-CCKF in maneuvering target tracking with spatial equality constraints is demonstrated by numerical experiments.
文摘In recent years, road piezoelectric energy harvesting (RPEH) has attracted great attention from industry and academia, as it can provide power to traffic ancillary facilities and low-power wireless sensor devices to support car networking and intelligent transportation. The output power of RPEH in a recent research project demonstrated a watt level RPEH. In this proposal, we propose to harvest energy from piezoelectric modules (also called stacks) to power selected highways, tolls, and bridges in Pennsylvania. The project incorporates electrical, mechanical, and civil engineering works. The proposed smart highway RPEH will be conducted using optimization parameters to evaluate the system performance and trade-offs. MATLAB will be used with other optimization solvers in problem modeling and optimization. During this project, an RPEH hardware system will be constructed. The system will include a piezoelectric module, rectifier (AC-DC), Storage battery, data acquisition system (DAQ), and computer. The captured data will be analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that optimum harvested parameters were addressed when the thickness is selected as 2 mm.
文摘This paper analyses the overall landscape framework of city road system in ancient and modern China, using the ideal state terrain model which was fi rst recorded by the construction system of the Zhou Dynasty, and summarizes the ideal model of overall landscape framework of city road system, based on Chinese psychological needs of landscape, and conducts the applied research taking Nanchong in Sichuan, China for example.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11372166,11262005,11262003the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial under Grant No.LQ13D050002the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China,Government of the Hong Kong Administrative Region,China No.119011
文摘Ramps and sloping roads appear everywhere in the built environment. It is obvious that the movement pattern of people in the sloping path may be different as compared with the pattern on level roads. Previously, most of the studies, especially the mathematical and simulation models, on pedestrian movement consider the flow at level routes.This study proposes a new lattice model for bidirectional pedestrian flow on gradient road. The stability condition is obtained by using linear stability theory. The nonlinear analysis method is employed to derive the modified Korteweg-de Vries(mKdV) equation, and the space of pedestrian flow is divided into three regions: the stable region, the metastable region, and the unstable region respectively. Furthermore, the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landan(TDGL) equation is deduced and solved through the reductive perturbation method. Finally, we present detailed results obtained from the model, and it is found that the stability of the model is enhanced in uphill situation while reduced in downhill situation with increasing slope.
基金Sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan ProvinceChina(Grant No.13JJ3049)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2012AA01A301-1)
文摘This paper proposes an adaptive agent model with a hybrid routing selection strategy for studying the road-network congestion problem. We focus on improving those severely congested links. Firstly,a multi-agent system is built,where each agent stands for a vehicle,and it makes its routing selection by considering the shortest path and the minimum congested degree of the target link simultaneously. The agent-based model captures the nonlinear feedback between vehicle routing behaviors and road-network congestion status.Secondly,a hybrid routing selection strategy is provided,which guides the vehicle routes adapting to the realtime road-network congestion status. On this basis, we execute simulation experiments and compare the simulation results of network congestion distribution,by Floyd agent with shortest path strategy and our proposed adaptive agent with hybrid strategy. The simulation results show that our proposed model has reduced the congestion degree of those seriously congested links of road-network. Finally,we execute our model on a real road map. The results finds that those seriously congested roads have some common features such as located at the road junction or near the unique road connecting two areas. And,the results also show an effectiveness of our model on reduction of those seriously congested links in this actual road network. Such a bottom-up congestion control approach with a hybrid congestion optimization perspective will have its significance for actual traffic congestion control.
文摘Several research studies have proven that eliciting and predicting the impact of human activity on ecosystem services will be crucial to support stakeholders’ awareness and to decide how to interact with the environment in a more sustainable manner. In this sense, the ecosystems known as road verges are particularly important because of their length and surface at an international scale, and their role in mitigating the damage done by roads. Plant pollination by insects is one of the most important ecosystem services. Because of its nature and the fact that they extend across a variety of landscapes, roadside can contribute to the maintenance of healthy ecosystems, under the condition of adapted management practices. This research is the first attempt to develop a System Dynamics-based aiming to estimate the ecological and economic impact of maintenance on the road verge pollination service in France. Maintenance strategies of road verges are simulated to compare their performance. The results show that there are ways to improve current maintenance strategies in terms of pollination value, but also that the model needs to consider other ecosystem services and synergistic effects that could further affect pollination to obtain more accurate estimations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60671062)the National Basic Research Program of China (2005CB724303)
文摘This paper presents an approach of model-oriented road detection based on trapezoidal model proposed by H. Jeong, et al and fuzzy Support Vector Machine (SVM). Firstly, the frames ex-tracted from the video are preprocessed by Pulse Coupled Neural Network (PCNN), and then handled by Kalman filter and Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithms. Next, according to the road's dif-ferent feathers, using fuzzy algorithm chooses a corresponding SVM for further lane detection, and then using morphological filters obtains the final detecting result. For different types of roads, this method uses fuzzy algorithm to choose different SVMs. Furthermore, in preprocessing using PCNN removes the shadow in the road to reduce the effect of illumination variations. Experimental results show that our method can receive better lane detecting results than the trapezoidal model and BP proposed by H. Jeong, et al..
