Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of...Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of similar WWTP. When the proposed measures,such as using 0.1% (volume fraction of wastewater) landfill leachate,shortening HRT by 2/3 in the primary sedimentation tank and controlling DO at 0.5 mg/L in the 3rd section of aerobic zone,are applied,15% of the carbon source can be complemented,the favorable property of activated sludge is achieved,and the nitrogen removal effect is significantly improved. The effluent NH3-N is 2 mg/L and the removal rate is 90%. The effluent TN is 17 mg/L and the removal rate is 54%. The up-to-standard discharge of the effluent is achieved. And after the optimization,the unit electricity consumption also reaches 0.21 kW/h and saves 20%.展开更多
This study evaluated the removal of multiple pollutants,i.e.,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),novel halogenated flame retardants(HFRs),sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs),and heavy metals(HMs),by a fullscale reversed A^...This study evaluated the removal of multiple pollutants,i.e.,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),novel halogenated flame retardants(HFRs),sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs),and heavy metals(HMs),by a fullscale reversed A^(2)/O process in a sewage treatment plant(STP)in Guangzhou,China.The reversed A^(2)/O process demonstrated high removal efficiencies(REs)for total PBDEs(60.5%±4.3%),novel HFRs(98.4%±2.8%)and HMs(70.1%±1.2%),and a relatively low RE for SAs(25.0%±2.3%).BDE 209,the dominant PBDE congener,showed a high residual concentration(13.41±5.18 ng/L)in the suspended particulate matter(SPM)of treated effluents.So me novel HFRs,dechlorane plus(DP)and decabromodiphe nyl ethane(DBDPE),were detected in the SPM of the raw sewage(7.50±4.14 ng/L and 11.52±11.65 ng/L,respectively).The removal ofSAs was mainly through biodegradation in the activated sludge bioreactors(ASBs).Ofthe HMs,Mn and Ni exhibited the lowest REs(47.5%±2.2%and 35.0%±2.6%,respectively),while Cr and Cu showed the highest removal(REs>80%).In terms of treatment units in the reversed A^(2)/O process,ASBs showed the highest RE(27.8%)for the multiple pollutants.The information can aid in our understanding of removal properties of STPs on various pollutants and evaluating the ecological/health risks of STPs as point pollutant sources.展开更多
The processing of measuri ng data plays an important role in reverse engineering. Based on grey system the ory, we first propose some methods to the processing of measuring data in revers e engineering. The measured d...The processing of measuri ng data plays an important role in reverse engineering. Based on grey system the ory, we first propose some methods to the processing of measuring data in revers e engineering. The measured data usually have some abnormalities. When the abnor mal data are eliminated by filtering, blanks are created. The grey generation an d GM(1,1) are used to create new data for these blanks. For the uneven data sequ en ce created by measuring error, the mean generation is used to smooth it and then the stepwise and smooth generations are used to improve the data sequence.展开更多
Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological s...Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.展开更多
This paper has found out some important input factors of reverse logistics in manufacturing system throuth analysis and summary,and established four kinds of technological process control models of reverse logistics i...This paper has found out some important input factors of reverse logistics in manufacturing system throuth analysis and summary,and established four kinds of technological process control models of reverse logistics in manufacturing system according to different processing methods. These models embed each other that form a cubic control system of reverse logistics.展开更多
Perforation of tympanic membrane is one of the main reasons for both deafness and dyssaudia.We could improve and restore audition by restoring or replacing the tympanic membrane.So,whether you can make the spurious ty...Perforation of tympanic membrane is one of the main reasons for both deafness and dyssaudia.We could improve and restore audition by restoring or replacing the tympanic membrane.So,whether you can make the spurious tympanic membrane successfully is one of the keys to a successful operation.Utilizing CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) measurement equipment, we measured tympanic membrane model precisely and digitally.We also analysed the measured data by point to surface and we have successfully reconstructed the CAD model of the spurious tympanic membrane.Using the model we have got,we schemed out the mold of spurious tympanic membrane.In addition,we utilized MasterCAM compiling CNC (Computerized Numerical Con- trol) code and simulating the course of working.Ultimately,we obtained the mold of spurious tympanic membrane.Our research in this article has great significance to the success of spurious tympanic membrane grafting operation.展开更多
Exchange bias effect has been widely employed for various magnetic devices.The experimentally reported magnitude of exchange bias field is often smaller than that predicted theoretically,which is considered to be due ...Exchange bias effect has been widely employed for various magnetic devices.The experimentally reported magnitude of exchange bias field is often smaller than that predicted theoretically,which is considered to be due to the partly pinned spins of ferromagnetic layer by antiferromagnetic layer.However,mapping the distribution of pinned spins is challenging.In this work,we directly image the reverse domain nucleation and domain wall movement process in the exchange biased Co Fe B/Ir Mn bilayers by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy.From the in-situ experiments,we obtain the distribution mapping of the pinning strength,showing that only 1/6 of the ferromagnetic layer at the interface is strongly pinned by the antiferromagnetic layer.Our results prove the existence of an inhomogeneous pinning effect in exchange bias systems.展开更多
Electrochromic(EC)smart windows utilizing a reversible metal electrodeposition device(RMED)offer a compelling alternative for dynamically regulating transmissions of optical and thermal energy.An EC device(ECD)is cons...Electrochromic(EC)smart windows utilizing a reversible metal electrodeposition device(RMED)offer a compelling alternative for dynamically regulating transmissions of optical and thermal energy.An EC device(ECD)is constructed by reversible metal electrodeposition(RME)of Bi/Cu on WO_(3)·xH_(2)O film electrodeposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)transparent conductive glass.The electrolyte consists of CuCl_(2),BiCl_(3),KCl and HCl aqueous solution,supplying necessary components for both electrochemical and electrodeposition processes.The ECD shows ability to rapidly transition between colorless and black states,which achieves a large optical modulation of 77.0%at 570 nm.In the black state,the ECD exhibits a near-zero transmittance in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm while maintaining 96.6%of its initial optical modulation after coloration/bleaching cycling of 60000 s,exhibiting good cyclic stability.This RMED has relatively high stability under open-circuit voltage and also possesses excellent heat insulation performance.The results offer a solution to overcome the poor cyclic stability of RMEDs and improve the optical modulation of ECDs.展开更多
1.Background In the chemical industry,process plants-commonly referred to as plantwide systems-typically consist of many process units(unit operations).Driven by the considerable economic efficiency offered by complex...1.Background In the chemical industry,process plants-commonly referred to as plantwide systems-typically consist of many process units(unit operations).Driven by the considerable economic efficiency offered by complex and interactive process designs,modern plantwide systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated.The operation of these processes is typically characterized by the complexity of individual units(subsystems)and the intricate interactions between geographically distributed units through networks of material and energy flows,as well as control loops[1].展开更多
Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 1,January 2024,Page 186 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2744-0 The original version of this article unfortunately contained thr...Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 1,January 2024,Page 186 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2744-0 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.The presentation of Fig.8 in original version was incorrect.The correct version is given below.展开更多
Using merged sea level anomaly and absolute geostrophic velocity products from satellite altimetry and Argos drifter data, we analyzed the reversal process of the South China Sea （SCS） westem boundary current （SCS...Using merged sea level anomaly and absolute geostrophic velocity products from satellite altimetry and Argos drifter data, we analyzed the reversal process of the South China Sea （SCS） westem boundary current （SCSwbc） from a summer to winter pattern in 2011 and important oceanic phenomena during this process. Results show that the outbreak time of the northeast monsoon over the southern SCS lagged that over the northern SCS by about 1 month. During the SCS monsoon reversal period, the SCSwbc reversed rapidly into the winter pattern at the Guangdong continental slope in late September. Subsequently, the southward Vietnam coastal boundary current strengthened. However, the northward Natuna Current maintained a summer state until mid-October. Thus, the balance between the southward and northward currents was lost when they met, their junction moved gradually southward. However, a loop current formed southeast of Vietnam because the main stream of the Vietnam Offshore Current （VOC） remained near its original latitude, Meanwhile, the VOC and associated dipole circulation system strengthened. After mid- October, the northward Natuna Current began to weaken, the loop current finally shed, becoming a cool ring. The VOC and its associated dipole sub-basin circulation system also weakened gradually until it disappeared.展开更多
The magnetization reversal process and hysteresis loops in a single crystal α-iron with nonmagnetic particles are simulated in this work based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The evolutions of the magnetic d...The magnetization reversal process and hysteresis loops in a single crystal α-iron with nonmagnetic particles are simulated in this work based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The evolutions of the magnetic domain morphology are studied, and our analyses show that the magnetization reversal process is affected by the interaction between the moving domain wall and the existing nonmagnetic particles. This interaction strongly depends on the size of the particles, and it is found that particles with a particular size contribute the most to magnetic hardening.展开更多
According to the current understanding, electromagnetic interaction is invariable under time reversal. However, the proof of time reversal symmetry in quantum theory of field has not considered the effects of high ord...According to the current understanding, electromagnetic interaction is invariable under time reversal. However, the proof of time reversal symmetry in quantum theory of field has not considered the effects of high order perturbation normalizations. It is proved in the paper that when the renormalization effect of third order vertex angles process is taken into account, the symmetry of time reversal will be violated in electromagnetic interaction process. Because the magnitude order of symmetry violation is about 10–5, but the precision of current experiments on time reversal in particle physics is about 10–3, this kind of symmetry violation can not be found. The result reveals the micro-origin of asymmetry of time reversal and can be used to solve the famous irreversibility paradox in the evolution processes of macro- material systems.展开更多
Hemeproteins encapsulated in reversed micelle formulated with di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate(AOT) was found to catalyze the polymerization of o-phenylenediamine(o-PDA) with hydrogen peroxide, whereas o-PDA catalyzed...Hemeproteins encapsulated in reversed micelle formulated with di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate(AOT) was found to catalyze the polymerization of o-phenylenediamine(o-PDA) with hydrogen peroxide, whereas o-PDA catalyzed by hemeproteins dissolved in water could only form its trimers. As the nanostructural environment in reversed micelle acts as a certain orientation surrounding medium, it offers a strong electrostatic field that alters the reductive potential of Fe 3+/Fe 2+(E m7) in the heme of hemeproteins and thus increases the catalytic activity of peroxidase accordingly. According to the results of UV-Vis, 1H NMR and FTIR, the polymer catalyzed by hemoglobin(Hb) in reversed micelle was presumed to be constructed of lines and trapeziforms alternatively.展开更多
Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strateg...Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
The Andong pluton consists of comagmatic granitoid rocks which constitute outstanding examples of reversely zoned granitoids. The pluton has three lithofacies: hornblende biotite tonalite, biotite granodiorite and por...The Andong pluton consists of comagmatic granitoid rocks which constitute outstanding examples of reversely zoned granitoids. The pluton has three lithofacies: hornblende biotite tonalite, biotite granodiorite and porphyritic biotite granite. The zoned pattern forms by locating a tonalite core containing high-temperature mafic assemblages in central part,granodiorite rims in marginal part, and a porphyritic granite cap containing more felsic assemblages in topside of the pluton.Mineral abundances as well as bulk compositions of the granitoids indicate that the interior is enriched in mafic minerals and that it shows higher contents of oxides than the margin and topside. The compositional gradients change gradually with continuity between the lithofacies. The regular compositional variations within the pluton support the argument that the pluton behaved as an individual petrochemical system. Model abundances of the granitoids are in agreement with the bulk compositional gradients, suggesting that no significant interaction with country rocks occurred. Remobilization (resurgence) of deeper parts of the system into the more felsic magmas of the chamber explains the reverse zoning. Fractional crystallization was of importance and probably accounts for the selective removal of the settling phases. The Andong pluton is an example of reversely zoned plutons related by remobilization of more mafic but consanguineous magmas. Large-scale upwelling occurred in the pluton leading to the present arrangement of three lithofacies. It is conceivable that remnants of the reverse zoning become more difficult to discern as the plutonic rocks reach the latest stages of their evolution. In this case, the Andong pluton represents an earlier stage in the evolution of a felsic system that is usually represented by the final stages in normally zoned plutons.展开更多
Two biological nitrogen removal processes are compared in the aspect of nitrogen removal, process operation and energy saving. Results show that when the returned sludge ratio is 50% of the inflow rate, the step-feedi...Two biological nitrogen removal processes are compared in the aspect of nitrogen removal, process operation and energy saving. Results show that when the returned sludge ratio is 50% of the inflow rate, the step-feeding process achieves over 80% total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency, but the TN removal efficiency of the A/O process is only 40%. Moreover, filamentous sludge bulking can be well restrained in the step-feeding process. Given the conditions of a returned sludge ratio of 100% and a nitrifying liquor recycle ratio of 200%, the TN removal efficiency is 78.32% in the A/O process, but the sludge volume index （SVI） value increases to 143 mL/g. In the step-feeding process, the SVI is only 94.4 mL/g when the TN removal efficiency reaches 81. 1%. The step-feeding process has distinct advantages over the A/O process in the aspects of practicability, nitrogen removal and operating stability.展开更多
The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The r...The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.展开更多
The layered Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was separately synthesized by pretreatment process of ball mill method and solution phase route, using [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4 and lithium hydroxide as raw materials. The physical and el...The layered Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was separately synthesized by pretreatment process of ball mill method and solution phase route, using [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4 and lithium hydroxide as raw materials. The physical and electrochemical behaviors of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and electrochemical charge/discharge cycling tests. The results show that the difference in pretreatment process results in the difference in compound Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 structure, morphology and the electrochemical characteristics. The Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 prepared by solution phase route maintains the uniform spherical morphology of the [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4, and it exhibits a higher capacity retention and better rate capability than that prepared by ball mill method. The initial discharge capacity of this sample reaches 178 mA-h/g and the capacity retention after 50 cycles is 98.7% at a current density of 20 mA/g. Moreover, it delivers high discharge capacity of 135 mA-h/g at a current density of 1 000 mA/g.展开更多
基金Project (2009ZX07315-002-01) supported by Water Pollution Control and Management of Major Special Science and Technology
文摘Full scale experimental study on nitrogen removal for low-carbon wastewater was conducted in reversed A2/O process in Jiguanshi waste water treatment plant in Chongqing,in order to aid the operation and maintenance of similar WWTP. When the proposed measures,such as using 0.1% (volume fraction of wastewater) landfill leachate,shortening HRT by 2/3 in the primary sedimentation tank and controlling DO at 0.5 mg/L in the 3rd section of aerobic zone,are applied,15% of the carbon source can be complemented,the favorable property of activated sludge is achieved,and the nitrogen removal effect is significantly improved. The effluent NH3-N is 2 mg/L and the removal rate is 90%. The effluent TN is 17 mg/L and the removal rate is 54%. The up-to-standard discharge of the effluent is achieved. And after the optimization,the unit electricity consumption also reaches 0.21 kW/h and saves 20%.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91851110)Guangzhou University’s 2017 Training Program for Young Top-Notch Personnels(No.BJ201713)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou University(No.YK2020017)Guizhou Provincial Department of Education Youth Science and Technology Talents Growth Project(No.KY[2017]300)。
文摘This study evaluated the removal of multiple pollutants,i.e.,polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),novel halogenated flame retardants(HFRs),sulfonamide antibiotics(SAs),and heavy metals(HMs),by a fullscale reversed A^(2)/O process in a sewage treatment plant(STP)in Guangzhou,China.The reversed A^(2)/O process demonstrated high removal efficiencies(REs)for total PBDEs(60.5%±4.3%),novel HFRs(98.4%±2.8%)and HMs(70.1%±1.2%),and a relatively low RE for SAs(25.0%±2.3%).BDE 209,the dominant PBDE congener,showed a high residual concentration(13.41±5.18 ng/L)in the suspended particulate matter(SPM)of treated effluents.So me novel HFRs,dechlorane plus(DP)and decabromodiphe nyl ethane(DBDPE),were detected in the SPM of the raw sewage(7.50±4.14 ng/L and 11.52±11.65 ng/L,respectively).The removal ofSAs was mainly through biodegradation in the activated sludge bioreactors(ASBs).Ofthe HMs,Mn and Ni exhibited the lowest REs(47.5%±2.2%and 35.0%±2.6%,respectively),while Cr and Cu showed the highest removal(REs>80%).In terms of treatment units in the reversed A^(2)/O process,ASBs showed the highest RE(27.8%)for the multiple pollutants.The information can aid in our understanding of removal properties of STPs on various pollutants and evaluating the ecological/health risks of STPs as point pollutant sources.
文摘The processing of measuri ng data plays an important role in reverse engineering. Based on grey system the ory, we first propose some methods to the processing of measuring data in revers e engineering. The measured data usually have some abnormalities. When the abnor mal data are eliminated by filtering, blanks are created. The grey generation an d GM(1,1) are used to create new data for these blanks. For the uneven data sequ en ce created by measuring error, the mean generation is used to smooth it and then the stepwise and smooth generations are used to improve the data sequence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41061030)the "West Light" Talent Cultivation Program,the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB421303)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2006BAD26B0802 and 2007BAD46B03)
文摘Sandy soils in arid,rain-fed environments have low and limited water content,which is a principal factor limiting vegetation development,and a key constraint controlling the structure and functions of the ecological systems in arid areas.The spatial heterogeneity of soil water content is a major soil property,and a focus of soil science and hydrology.On the southern edge of the Tengger Desert,sample plots were selected from mobile sand dunes in desertified lands that had been enclosed for 5,15 and 25 years,respectively.This study explored the dynamic and spatial heterogeneity of soil water content in these different layers of soil that were also in the reversion process of desertification.The results showed that the soil water content of the mobile sand dunes was highest when in the initial stages of the reversion process of desertification,while the soil water content in the 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers of soil was 1.769%,3.011%,and 2.967% respectively,presenting a restoring tendency after 25 years of enclosure.There were significant differences,as a whole,in the soil water content among different restoration stages and different soil layers,respectively.Changes in soil water content,in different soil layers,at different restoration stages,exhibited exponential or spherical patterns.The spatial distribution of soil water content exhibited a mosaic patch pattern with obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ratio of the heterogeneity of spatial autocorrelation to gross spatial heterogeneity was greater than 50%.The gross spatial heterogeneity of the 0-20 cm layer of soil improved gradually,while those of the 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers improved initially,then weakened in the reversion process of desertification.This study revealed that restoration with sand-binding vegetation reduced soil water content,and increased its spatial heterogeneity in arid areas.However,after 25 years of vegetation-soil system restoration,the soil water content started to increase and its spatial heterogeneity started to weaken.These results will further benefit the understanding of the ecological mechanism between soil water and sand-binding vegetation.
文摘This paper has found out some important input factors of reverse logistics in manufacturing system throuth analysis and summary,and established four kinds of technological process control models of reverse logistics in manufacturing system according to different processing methods. These models embed each other that form a cubic control system of reverse logistics.
文摘Perforation of tympanic membrane is one of the main reasons for both deafness and dyssaudia.We could improve and restore audition by restoring or replacing the tympanic membrane.So,whether you can make the spurious tympanic membrane successfully is one of the keys to a successful operation.Utilizing CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) measurement equipment, we measured tympanic membrane model precisely and digitally.We also analysed the measured data by point to surface and we have successfully reconstructed the CAD model of the spurious tympanic membrane.Using the model we have got,we schemed out the mold of spurious tympanic membrane.In addition,we utilized MasterCAM compiling CNC (Computerized Numerical Con- trol) code and simulating the course of working.Ultimately,we obtained the mold of spurious tympanic membrane.Our research in this article has great significance to the success of spurious tympanic membrane grafting operation.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0201102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51571208)+3 种基金the Instrument Developing Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YZ201536)the Program for Key Science and Technology Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2013TD08)the K C Wong Education Foundation(Grant No.rczx0800)the K C Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Exchange bias effect has been widely employed for various magnetic devices.The experimentally reported magnitude of exchange bias field is often smaller than that predicted theoretically,which is considered to be due to the partly pinned spins of ferromagnetic layer by antiferromagnetic layer.However,mapping the distribution of pinned spins is challenging.In this work,we directly image the reverse domain nucleation and domain wall movement process in the exchange biased Co Fe B/Ir Mn bilayers by Lorentz transmission electron microscopy.From the in-situ experiments,we obtain the distribution mapping of the pinning strength,showing that only 1/6 of the ferromagnetic layer at the interface is strongly pinned by the antiferromagnetic layer.Our results prove the existence of an inhomogeneous pinning effect in exchange bias systems.
文摘Electrochromic(EC)smart windows utilizing a reversible metal electrodeposition device(RMED)offer a compelling alternative for dynamically regulating transmissions of optical and thermal energy.An EC device(ECD)is constructed by reversible metal electrodeposition(RME)of Bi/Cu on WO_(3)·xH_(2)O film electrodeposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide(FTO)transparent conductive glass.The electrolyte consists of CuCl_(2),BiCl_(3),KCl and HCl aqueous solution,supplying necessary components for both electrochemical and electrodeposition processes.The ECD shows ability to rapidly transition between colorless and black states,which achieves a large optical modulation of 77.0%at 570 nm.In the black state,the ECD exhibits a near-zero transmittance in the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm while maintaining 96.6%of its initial optical modulation after coloration/bleaching cycling of 60000 s,exhibiting good cyclic stability.This RMED has relatively high stability under open-circuit voltage and also possesses excellent heat insulation performance.The results offer a solution to overcome the poor cyclic stability of RMEDs and improve the optical modulation of ECDs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(62103283)the Australia Research Council’s Discovery Pro-jects Scheme(DP220100355).
文摘1.Background In the chemical industry,process plants-commonly referred to as plantwide systems-typically consist of many process units(unit operations).Driven by the considerable economic efficiency offered by complex and interactive process designs,modern plantwide systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated.The operation of these processes is typically characterized by the complexity of individual units(subsystems)and the intricate interactions between geographically distributed units through networks of material and energy flows,as well as control loops[1].
文摘Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 1,January 2024,Page 186 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2744-0 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.The presentation of Fig.8 in original version was incorrect.The correct version is given below.
基金Supported by the UNESCO-IOC/WESTPAC Project"Response of marine hazards to climate change in the Western Pacific"the Special Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes(No.GY0212172)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Data Analysis and ApplicationsState Oceanic Administration(No.LDAA-2012-02)
文摘Using merged sea level anomaly and absolute geostrophic velocity products from satellite altimetry and Argos drifter data, we analyzed the reversal process of the South China Sea （SCS） westem boundary current （SCSwbc） from a summer to winter pattern in 2011 and important oceanic phenomena during this process. Results show that the outbreak time of the northeast monsoon over the southern SCS lagged that over the northern SCS by about 1 month. During the SCS monsoon reversal period, the SCSwbc reversed rapidly into the winter pattern at the Guangdong continental slope in late September. Subsequently, the southward Vietnam coastal boundary current strengthened. However, the northward Natuna Current maintained a summer state until mid-October. Thus, the balance between the southward and northward currents was lost when they met, their junction moved gradually southward. However, a loop current formed southeast of Vietnam because the main stream of the Vietnam Offshore Current （VOC） remained near its original latitude, Meanwhile, the VOC and associated dipole circulation system strengthened. After mid- October, the northward Natuna Current began to weaken, the loop current finally shed, becoming a cool ring. The VOC and its associated dipole sub-basin circulation system also weakened gradually until it disappeared.
文摘The magnetization reversal process and hysteresis loops in a single crystal α-iron with nonmagnetic particles are simulated in this work based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The evolutions of the magnetic domain morphology are studied, and our analyses show that the magnetization reversal process is affected by the interaction between the moving domain wall and the existing nonmagnetic particles. This interaction strongly depends on the size of the particles, and it is found that particles with a particular size contribute the most to magnetic hardening.
文摘According to the current understanding, electromagnetic interaction is invariable under time reversal. However, the proof of time reversal symmetry in quantum theory of field has not considered the effects of high order perturbation normalizations. It is proved in the paper that when the renormalization effect of third order vertex angles process is taken into account, the symmetry of time reversal will be violated in electromagnetic interaction process. Because the magnitude order of symmetry violation is about 10–5, but the precision of current experiments on time reversal in particle physics is about 10–3, this kind of symmetry violation can not be found. The result reveals the micro-origin of asymmetry of time reversal and can be used to solve the famous irreversibility paradox in the evolution processes of macro- material systems.
文摘Hemeproteins encapsulated in reversed micelle formulated with di-2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate(AOT) was found to catalyze the polymerization of o-phenylenediamine(o-PDA) with hydrogen peroxide, whereas o-PDA catalyzed by hemeproteins dissolved in water could only form its trimers. As the nanostructural environment in reversed micelle acts as a certain orientation surrounding medium, it offers a strong electrostatic field that alters the reductive potential of Fe 3+/Fe 2+(E m7) in the heme of hemeproteins and thus increases the catalytic activity of peroxidase accordingly. According to the results of UV-Vis, 1H NMR and FTIR, the polymer catalyzed by hemoglobin(Hb) in reversed micelle was presumed to be constructed of lines and trapeziforms alternatively.
基金supported by the following foundations:“Stichting Oogfonds Nederland(No.2023-26)”the“Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden(No.2023-24)”that contributed through UitZicht,ZonMw grant(No.435005020)a grant of the Chinese Scholarship Council(No.201809110169)(to TGMFG,CPMR,and WY).
文摘Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘The Andong pluton consists of comagmatic granitoid rocks which constitute outstanding examples of reversely zoned granitoids. The pluton has three lithofacies: hornblende biotite tonalite, biotite granodiorite and porphyritic biotite granite. The zoned pattern forms by locating a tonalite core containing high-temperature mafic assemblages in central part,granodiorite rims in marginal part, and a porphyritic granite cap containing more felsic assemblages in topside of the pluton.Mineral abundances as well as bulk compositions of the granitoids indicate that the interior is enriched in mafic minerals and that it shows higher contents of oxides than the margin and topside. The compositional gradients change gradually with continuity between the lithofacies. The regular compositional variations within the pluton support the argument that the pluton behaved as an individual petrochemical system. Model abundances of the granitoids are in agreement with the bulk compositional gradients, suggesting that no significant interaction with country rocks occurred. Remobilization (resurgence) of deeper parts of the system into the more felsic magmas of the chamber explains the reverse zoning. Fractional crystallization was of importance and probably accounts for the selective removal of the settling phases. The Andong pluton is an example of reversely zoned plutons related by remobilization of more mafic but consanguineous magmas. Large-scale upwelling occurred in the pluton leading to the present arrangement of three lithofacies. It is conceivable that remnants of the reverse zoning become more difficult to discern as the plutonic rocks reach the latest stages of their evolution. In this case, the Andong pluton represents an earlier stage in the evolution of a felsic system that is usually represented by the final stages in normally zoned plutons.
基金The Project of Scientific Research Base and Scientific Innovation Platform of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (No.PXM2008-014204-050843)the Project of Beijing Science and Technology Committee (No.D07050601500000)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.RCEES-QN-200706)the Special Funds for Young Scholars of RCEES,CAS.
文摘Two biological nitrogen removal processes are compared in the aspect of nitrogen removal, process operation and energy saving. Results show that when the returned sludge ratio is 50% of the inflow rate, the step-feeding process achieves over 80% total nitrogen （TN） removal efficiency, but the TN removal efficiency of the A/O process is only 40%. Moreover, filamentous sludge bulking can be well restrained in the step-feeding process. Given the conditions of a returned sludge ratio of 100% and a nitrifying liquor recycle ratio of 200%, the TN removal efficiency is 78.32% in the A/O process, but the sludge volume index （SVI） value increases to 143 mL/g. In the step-feeding process, the SVI is only 94.4 mL/g when the TN removal efficiency reaches 81. 1%. The step-feeding process has distinct advantages over the A/O process in the aspects of practicability, nitrogen removal and operating stability.
基金Project(2012AA030311)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2010BB4074)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality,ChinaProject(2010ZD-02)supported by the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,China
文摘The deformation behaviors of Al2O3/Al composites were investigated by compressive tests conducted at temperature of 300-450 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1.0 s-1 with Gleeble-1500 D thermal simulator system. The results show that the flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The hyperbolic sine constitutive equation can describe the flow stress behavior of Al2O3/Al composites, and the deformation activation energy and constitutive equations were calculated. The processing maps of Al2O3/Al-2 μm and Al2O3/Al-1 μm composites at strain of 0.6 were obtained and the optimum processing domains are in ranges of 300-330 °C, 0.007-0.03 s-1 and 335-360 °C, 0.015-0.06 s-1 for hot working, respectively. The instability zones of flow behavior can also be recognized by the maps.
基金Project(20871101)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2009WK2007)supported by Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(CX2009B133)supported by Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province Plans to Graduate Research and Innovation,China
文摘The layered Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 was separately synthesized by pretreatment process of ball mill method and solution phase route, using [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4 and lithium hydroxide as raw materials. The physical and electrochemical behaviors of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and electrochemical charge/discharge cycling tests. The results show that the difference in pretreatment process results in the difference in compound Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 structure, morphology and the electrochemical characteristics. The Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2 prepared by solution phase route maintains the uniform spherical morphology of the [Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]3O4, and it exhibits a higher capacity retention and better rate capability than that prepared by ball mill method. The initial discharge capacity of this sample reaches 178 mA-h/g and the capacity retention after 50 cycles is 98.7% at a current density of 20 mA/g. Moreover, it delivers high discharge capacity of 135 mA-h/g at a current density of 1 000 mA/g.
