1.Background Crop diseases diminish potential yields by over 20%annually worldwide[1],driving a century-long quest to understand and harness genetic resistance in plants.The genetic basis of disease resistance was fir...1.Background Crop diseases diminish potential yields by over 20%annually worldwide[1],driving a century-long quest to understand and harness genetic resistance in plants.The genetic basis of disease resistance was first recognized in the early 1900s,when Biffen(1905)demonstrated that resistance to stripe rust in wheat(Triticum aestivum)followed Mendelian rules of inheritance[2].This foundational insight was later expanded by Flor(1942),who formulated the“gene-for-gene”model describing the genetic interplay between host resistance(R)genes and pathogen avirulence(Avr)genes[3].展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To review the current state of research in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DATA RESOURCES: Searching Medline (1994-2002) and Chinese Medical Journals Index (1998- 2002) for articles on NAFLD. RES...OBJECTIVE: To review the current state of research in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DATA RESOURCES: Searching Medline (1994-2002) and Chinese Medical Journals Index (1998- 2002) for articles on NAFLD. RESULTS: NAFLD is a new and challenging field with increasing recognition although its pathogenesis is poorly understood. 'Two hits' hypothesis is still the leading theory guiding current research. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic study is a promising way that might lead to breakthrough in NAFLD research. NAFLD study in China is at an initial stage and there is a long way to go.展开更多
To confirm resistance and genetic rules of Xikemai 6 against physiological races of wheat stripe rust,physiological races CYR31,CYR32 and CYR33,Su11-4 and V26 were inoculated in Xikemai 6 and Mingxian 169 and their hy...To confirm resistance and genetic rules of Xikemai 6 against physiological races of wheat stripe rust,physiological races CYR31,CYR32 and CYR33,Su11-4 and V26 were inoculated in Xikemai 6 and Mingxian 169 and their hybrid progenies F_1,F_2 and F_3 at adult plant stage on March 2015. The results showed that the resistance of Xikemai 6 against CYR31 was controlled by 2 pairs of dominant genes and a pair of recessive genes; the resistance against CYR32 was controlled by three pairs of dominant resistant genes（ two pairs of genes performed cumulative effect）; the resistance against CYR33 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes and a pair of recessive genes; the resistance against Su11-4 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes and a pair of recessive genes independently or collaboratively; the resistance against V26 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes independently. Due to good performance of Xikemai 6 in test and production,as well as years of resistance identification and genetic analysis,Xikemai 6 was proved to be an excellent cultivar with good resistance against stripe rust,and the inheritance of its resistance was stable,so Xikemai 6 could be used as a germplasm resource and resistance material with excellent comprehensive character. Molecular marker and localization could be further studied,to provide new resistance parents for disease-resistant breeding of wheat.展开更多
Objective: Monitoring the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is a major priority for national surveillance programs in the Russian Federation. From 2021 to 2022, there has been a ...Objective: Monitoring the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is a major priority for national surveillance programs in the Russian Federation. From 2021 to 2022, there has been a trend in which the previously increased sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides was replaced by an increase in the number of strains resistant to these drugs, including multi-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics of the contemporary Russian population of N. gonorrhoeae based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Methods: A total 19 strains isolated in the Russian Federation in 2022 were sequenced and included in the present study together with the data on the reference strain FA19 and 169 N. gonorrhoeae strains from various countries taken from the NCBI GenBank and PubMLST databases. We used the Parsnp 1.6 to perform phylogenetic analysis of the studied samples. For single nucleotide polymorphisms calling, reads were mapped to the reference genome using Bowtie2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms calling was performed using GATK protocol. The data were shown as number and percentage. Results: In the present study, molecular typing of N. gonorrhoeae strains revealed changes in the genetic structure of the N. gonorrhoeae population, which was long considered to be very conservative;in particular, there was a detection of a significant number of genotypes that have rarely or never been detected before in the Russian population. WGS data showed the formation of a separate cluster consisting of N. gonorrhoeae strains within the MLST10314, MLST9363 and MLST8134 genogroups. Furthermore, a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the mtrCDE and mtrR efflux system were revealed. Conclusion: The present results indicate the need to enhance measures to control the spread of antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains and to continue WGS of the Russian N. gonorrhoeae population to identify strains with genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance.展开更多
Introduction:This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter isolates collected throughout China from 2020 to 2023.Methods:Campylobacter isolates analyzed ...Introduction:This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter isolates collected throughout China from 2020 to 2023.Methods:Campylobacter isolates analyzed in this study were obtained from the National Pathogen Identification Network Center database,maintained by the National Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)was performedagainsteleven antimicrobial agents.Genomic characteristics were analyzed through comprehensive genome sequence analysis.Results:Between 2020 and 2023,the National Pathogen Identification Network documented 1,077 Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni)and 221 Campylobacter coli(C.coli)isolates.Most isolates originated from patients presenting with diarrhea.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on 634 C.jejuni and165C.coli isolates.The tested isolates demonstrated high resistance rates to nalidixic acid(78.22%),ciprofloxacin(78.07%),and tetracycline(71.96%).Longitudinal analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results revealed a declining resistance trend from 2020 to 2023.Whole genome sequences were obtained for 540 C.jejuni and 125 C.coli isolates within the database.Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance determinants were identified using the VFDB and CARD databases,respectively.Phylogenetic relationships were established through Snippy 4.0 software analysis based on core genome comparisons.Conclusions:This comprehensive analysis.describes the antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic characteristics of Campylobacter isolates collected through the Identification Network Database from 2020 to 2023,establishing a foundational framework for campylobacteriosis control and prevention strategies in China.展开更多
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)-Caspase(Cas)system acts as a natural defense of bacteria against invasion by mobile genetic elements,such as plasmids,transposons,and bacteriophages...The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)-Caspase(Cas)system acts as a natural defense of bacteria against invasion by mobile genetic elements,such as plasmids,transposons,and bacteriophages.The review discusses the different classes and types of CRISPR-Cas systems in terms of principles of their action,limitations,and future perspectives.Also,the role of the CRISPR-Cas system as a new arsenal in fighting multidrug-resistant pathogens and clinically relevant pathogenic viruses and up-to-date clinical trials have been discussed and highlighted.Moreover,the utilization mode,regulation,and the link of CRISPR-Cas to quorum sensing for targeting cell chromosome or antimicrobial-resistant gene(s)of some clinically relevant pathogens,including Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been discussed.The information provided in this review can act as a platform for researchers for the future use of the CRISPR-Cas system as a smart antimicrobial agent for combating infections caused by life-threatening pathogens,particularly those with limited therapeutic options.展开更多
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV),a bipartite begomovirus,was first reported to infect tomato and has recently spread rapidly as an emerging disease to Cucurbitaceae crops.To date,the virus has been reported t...Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV),a bipartite begomovirus,was first reported to infect tomato and has recently spread rapidly as an emerging disease to Cucurbitaceae crops.To date,the virus has been reported to infect more than 11 cucurbit crops,in 16 countries and regions,causing severe yield losses.In autumn 2022,ToLCNDV was first isolated from cucurbit plants in Southeastern coastal areas of China.Phylogenetic analysis established that these isolates belong to the Asian ToLCNDV clade,and shared high nucleotide identity and closest genetic relationship with the DNA-A sequence from the Chinese tomato-infecting ToLCNDV isolate(Accession no.OP356207)and the tomato New Delhi ToLCNDV-Severe isolate(Accession no.HM159454).In this review,we summarize the occurrence and distribution,host range,detection and diagnosis,control strategies,and genetic resistance of ToLCNDV in the Cucurbitaceae.We then summarize pathways that could be undertaken to improve our understanding of this emerging disease,with the objective to develop ToLCNDV-resistant cucurbit cultivars.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20224)the Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFD1200402) to Zhiyong Liuby funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology to Brande B.H.Wulff
文摘1.Background Crop diseases diminish potential yields by over 20%annually worldwide[1],driving a century-long quest to understand and harness genetic resistance in plants.The genetic basis of disease resistance was first recognized in the early 1900s,when Biffen(1905)demonstrated that resistance to stripe rust in wheat(Triticum aestivum)followed Mendelian rules of inheritance[2].This foundational insight was later expanded by Flor(1942),who formulated the“gene-for-gene”model describing the genetic interplay between host resistance(R)genes and pathogen avirulence(Avr)genes[3].
文摘OBJECTIVE: To review the current state of research in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DATA RESOURCES: Searching Medline (1994-2002) and Chinese Medical Journals Index (1998- 2002) for articles on NAFLD. RESULTS: NAFLD is a new and challenging field with increasing recognition although its pathogenesis is poorly understood. 'Two hits' hypothesis is still the leading theory guiding current research. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic study is a promising way that might lead to breakthrough in NAFLD research. NAFLD study in China is at an initial stage and there is a long way to go.
基金Supported by Key Research Project of Wheat Breeding in Sichuan Province(2011NZ0098-3-18)
文摘To confirm resistance and genetic rules of Xikemai 6 against physiological races of wheat stripe rust,physiological races CYR31,CYR32 and CYR33,Su11-4 and V26 were inoculated in Xikemai 6 and Mingxian 169 and their hybrid progenies F_1,F_2 and F_3 at adult plant stage on March 2015. The results showed that the resistance of Xikemai 6 against CYR31 was controlled by 2 pairs of dominant genes and a pair of recessive genes; the resistance against CYR32 was controlled by three pairs of dominant resistant genes（ two pairs of genes performed cumulative effect）; the resistance against CYR33 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes and a pair of recessive genes; the resistance against Su11-4 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes and a pair of recessive genes independently or collaboratively; the resistance against V26 was controlled by a pair of dominant genes independently. Due to good performance of Xikemai 6 in test and production,as well as years of resistance identification and genetic analysis,Xikemai 6 was proved to be an excellent cultivar with good resistance against stripe rust,and the inheritance of its resistance was stable,so Xikemai 6 could be used as a germplasm resource and resistance material with excellent comprehensive character. Molecular marker and localization could be further studied,to provide new resistance parents for disease-resistant breeding of wheat.
基金funded by the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation,government assignment No.056-00003-24-02.
文摘Objective: Monitoring the spread of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) is a major priority for national surveillance programs in the Russian Federation. From 2021 to 2022, there has been a trend in which the previously increased sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to penicillins, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides was replaced by an increase in the number of strains resistant to these drugs, including multi-resistant strains. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics of the contemporary Russian population of N. gonorrhoeae based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Methods: A total 19 strains isolated in the Russian Federation in 2022 were sequenced and included in the present study together with the data on the reference strain FA19 and 169 N. gonorrhoeae strains from various countries taken from the NCBI GenBank and PubMLST databases. We used the Parsnp 1.6 to perform phylogenetic analysis of the studied samples. For single nucleotide polymorphisms calling, reads were mapped to the reference genome using Bowtie2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms calling was performed using GATK protocol. The data were shown as number and percentage. Results: In the present study, molecular typing of N. gonorrhoeae strains revealed changes in the genetic structure of the N. gonorrhoeae population, which was long considered to be very conservative;in particular, there was a detection of a significant number of genotypes that have rarely or never been detected before in the Russian population. WGS data showed the formation of a separate cluster consisting of N. gonorrhoeae strains within the MLST10314, MLST9363 and MLST8134 genogroups. Furthermore, a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of the mtrCDE and mtrR efflux system were revealed. Conclusion: The present results indicate the need to enhance measures to control the spread of antibiotic-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains and to continue WGS of the Russian N. gonorrhoeae population to identify strains with genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number 2021YFC2301000)the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2024-2G-7106).
文摘Introduction:This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter isolates collected throughout China from 2020 to 2023.Methods:Campylobacter isolates analyzed in this study were obtained from the National Pathogen Identification Network Center database,maintained by the National Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)was performedagainsteleven antimicrobial agents.Genomic characteristics were analyzed through comprehensive genome sequence analysis.Results:Between 2020 and 2023,the National Pathogen Identification Network documented 1,077 Campylobacter jejuni(C.jejuni)and 221 Campylobacter coli(C.coli)isolates.Most isolates originated from patients presenting with diarrhea.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on 634 C.jejuni and165C.coli isolates.The tested isolates demonstrated high resistance rates to nalidixic acid(78.22%),ciprofloxacin(78.07%),and tetracycline(71.96%).Longitudinal analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing results revealed a declining resistance trend from 2020 to 2023.Whole genome sequences were obtained for 540 C.jejuni and 125 C.coli isolates within the database.Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance determinants were identified using the VFDB and CARD databases,respectively.Phylogenetic relationships were established through Snippy 4.0 software analysis based on core genome comparisons.Conclusions:This comprehensive analysis.describes the antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic characteristics of Campylobacter isolates collected through the Identification Network Database from 2020 to 2023,establishing a foundational framework for campylobacteriosis control and prevention strategies in China.
基金supported by the Large Research Group Project of the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University,Abha,Saudi Arabia(Project No.R.G.P.2/297/44).
文摘The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)-Caspase(Cas)system acts as a natural defense of bacteria against invasion by mobile genetic elements,such as plasmids,transposons,and bacteriophages.The review discusses the different classes and types of CRISPR-Cas systems in terms of principles of their action,limitations,and future perspectives.Also,the role of the CRISPR-Cas system as a new arsenal in fighting multidrug-resistant pathogens and clinically relevant pathogenic viruses and up-to-date clinical trials have been discussed and highlighted.Moreover,the utilization mode,regulation,and the link of CRISPR-Cas to quorum sensing for targeting cell chromosome or antimicrobial-resistant gene(s)of some clinically relevant pathogens,including Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been discussed.The information provided in this review can act as a platform for researchers for the future use of the CRISPR-Cas system as a smart antimicrobial agent for combating infections caused by life-threatening pathogens,particularly those with limited therapeutic options.
基金supported by a grant from the Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2021XDNY166)the Key Science and Technology Program for Agricultural(Vegetable)New Variety Breeding of Zhejiang Province(2021C02065)the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-26-17).
文摘Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus(ToLCNDV),a bipartite begomovirus,was first reported to infect tomato and has recently spread rapidly as an emerging disease to Cucurbitaceae crops.To date,the virus has been reported to infect more than 11 cucurbit crops,in 16 countries and regions,causing severe yield losses.In autumn 2022,ToLCNDV was first isolated from cucurbit plants in Southeastern coastal areas of China.Phylogenetic analysis established that these isolates belong to the Asian ToLCNDV clade,and shared high nucleotide identity and closest genetic relationship with the DNA-A sequence from the Chinese tomato-infecting ToLCNDV isolate(Accession no.OP356207)and the tomato New Delhi ToLCNDV-Severe isolate(Accession no.HM159454).In this review,we summarize the occurrence and distribution,host range,detection and diagnosis,control strategies,and genetic resistance of ToLCNDV in the Cucurbitaceae.We then summarize pathways that could be undertaken to improve our understanding of this emerging disease,with the objective to develop ToLCNDV-resistant cucurbit cultivars.
