Lacustrine rift basins in China are characterized by pronounced structural segmentation,strong sedimentary heterogeneity,extensive fault-fracture development,and significant variability in thermal maturity and mobilit...Lacustrine rift basins in China are characterized by pronounced structural segmentation,strong sedimentary heterogeneity,extensive fault-fracture development,and significant variability in thermal maturity and mobility of shale oil.This study reviews the current status of exploration and development of shale oil in such basins and examines theoretical frameworks such as“binary enrichment”and source-reservoir configuration,with a focus on five key subjects:(1)sedimentation-diagenesis coupling mechanisms of fine-grained shale reservoir formation;(2)dynamic diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms of organic-rich shale;(3)dominant controls and evaluation methods for shale oil enrichment;(4)fracturing mechanisms of organic-rich shale and simulation of artificial fracture networks;and(5)flow mechanisms and effective development strategies for shale oil.Integrated analysis suggests that two major scientific challenges must be addressed:the coupled evolution of fine-grained sedimentation,differential diagenesis,and hydrocarbon generation under tectonic influence and its control on shale oil occurrence and enrichment;and multi-scale,multiphase flow mechanisms and three-dimensional development strategies for lacustrine shale oil in complex fault blocks.In response to current exploration and development bottlenecks,future research will be conducted primarily to:(1)deeply understand organic-inorganic interactions and reservoir formation mechanisms in organic-rich shales,and clarify the influence of high-frequency sequence evolution and diagenetic fluids on reservoir space;(2)elucidate the dynamic processes of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention across different lithofacies,and quantify their relationship with thermal maturity,including the conditions for the formation of self-sealing systems;(3)develop a geologically adaptive,data-and intelligence-driven shale oil classification and grading evaluation system of shale oil;(4)reveal artificial fracture propagation pattern and optimize physical field coupled fracturing technologies for complex lithofacies assemblages;and(5)overcome challenges in multi-scale geological modeling and multiphase flow characterization,and establish advanced numerical simulation methodologies.展开更多
In recent years,intensified environmental pollution and climate change have increasingly exposed the world to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods,resulting in substantial economic losses[1].These disaster...In recent years,intensified environmental pollution and climate change have increasingly exposed the world to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods,resulting in substantial economic losses[1].These disasters frequently damage terrestrial communication infrastructures,making the rapid deployment of emergency communication networks in affected areas critical in increasing rescue efficiency[2].展开更多
Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy badly.Especially with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more complicated.Though many new ...Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy badly.Especially with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more complicated.Though many new energy theft detection(ETD)techniques have been proposed by utilising different data mining(DM)techniques,state&network(S&N)based techniques,and game theory(GT)techniques.Here,a detailed survey is presented where many state-of-the-art ETD techniques are studied and analysed for their strengths and limitations.Three levels of taxonomy are presented to classify state-of-the-art ETD techniques.Different types and ways of energy theft and their consequences are studied and summarised and different parameters to benchmark the performance of proposed techniques are extracted from literature.The challenges of different ETD techniques and their mitigation are suggested for future work.It is observed that the literature on ETD lacks knowledge management techniques that can be more effective,not only for ETD but also for theft tracking.This can help in the prevention of energy theft,in the future,as well as for ETD.展开更多
Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and ...Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and high efficiency in agriculture.In recent years,research on farmland weeds has focused on investigation of weed communities,research on weed seed banks,and research on weed control.These three research directions complement each other.Among them,the investigation work of weed communities and the research of weed seed banks are helpful for us to grasp the occurrence of farmland weeds more accurately and provide references for the control of farmland weeds.This article summarizes the research directions of farmland weeds in recent years(weed community investigation,weed seed bank,weed control)and the research methods used,provide reference value for the follow-up research work of farmland weeds,and provide theoretical support for promoting the development of rural ecological industry and building beautiful villages.展开更多
CO_(2) conversion into value-added products by electro-, photoand plasma catalysis under mild operating conditions(ambient temperature and pressure) is an emerging area to achieve carbon circularity by producing chemi...CO_(2) conversion into value-added products by electro-, photoand plasma catalysis under mild operating conditions(ambient temperature and pressure) is an emerging area to achieve carbon circularity by producing chemicals and fuels using directly renewable energy. Among all CO_(2) conversion approaches, the electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) is the most mature technology, capable of achieving high productivity(i.e. high current densities) at large scale, especially for producing carbon monoxide(CO), but with many examples showing selectivity to C_(2) carbon products.展开更多
The northern region of China is not only a sensitive area for global climate change and a key region with prominent monsoon climate,but also a“hotspot”for global land-atmosphere coupling.Terrain and geomorphology in...The northern region of China is not only a sensitive area for global climate change and a key region with prominent monsoon climate,but also a“hotspot”for global land-atmosphere coupling.Terrain and geomorphology in this area are complex with a large spatiotemporal variation in land surface characteristics,and the climate dynamics of land-atmosphere interaction is relatively significant.In addition,affected by interactions between circulation systems in the mid-to high latitudes and low latitudes,atmospheric circulations in this area are relatively active,which makes it easy to induce extreme meteorological events such as droughts,sand storms,rainstorms,and hail.In view of this,from the perspective of scientific innovation,the main research works in the field of land-air interaction in northern China since this century are systematically summarized.Seven new research advancements have been outlined,including the comprehensive observational and experimental system of landatmosphere interaction in northern China,the spatiotemporal changes in physical quantities involved in land surface processes and their responses to summer monsoon,the response characteristics of land surface evapotranspiration to climate warming,land surface process parameters and parameterization schemes,the mechanism of land surface energy and water imbalance,the spatiotemporal changes and influence mechanisms of atmospheric boundary layer,and the relationship of land-atmosphere interaction with weather and climate.Based on the research progress summarized in this paper and the cutting-edge international study trend,we propose six key breakthroughs in the future for the study in this field:(1)the study should be based on the implementation and development of a new meteorologically integrated operational observation system that can observe and test conventional land-atmosphere interaction,(2)we need to improve our understanding of multi-interface exchange processes involved in land-atmosphere interaction,(3)mechanism study in the multi-scale land-atmosphere coupling process will be strengthened,(4)we need to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of land-atmosphere interaction in the specific environment of northern China,(5)the impact of land-atmosphere interaction on extreme weather and climate will be revealed,(6)multiple complicated feedback mechanisms between land-atmosphere interaction and climate warming will be explored.The information given in this paper will provide a scientific reference as well as a roadmap to promote land-atmosphere interaction study in northern China in the future.展开更多
After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong ...After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.展开更多
The growing global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)demands a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms and risk factors.Recent studies,such as the large population-based case-co...The growing global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)demands a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms and risk factors.Recent studies,such as the large population-based case-control analysis by Abdel-Razeq et al,suggest a significant association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and an increased risk of developing MASH.This study provides compelling data supporting this association,even after adjusting for confounders such as obesity,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.However,the complexity of this relationship remains unresolved,requiring further investigation into the biological,genetic,and environmental pathways that connect these two conditions.This article critically reviews the study’s findings and identifies its limitations,offering innovative research directions for the future.Key areas of focus include integrating genomic and microbiome analyses,exploring the impact of H.pylori eradication on MASH progression,studying molecular mechanisms at the intersection of infection and liver disease,and developing personalized therapeutic strategies.展开更多
The Yang-deficiency constitution has been a hot topic of interest in recent years.Important research progress has been made in quantitative diagnostic criteria and auxiliary identification technologies,modern biologic...The Yang-deficiency constitution has been a hot topic of interest in recent years.Important research progress has been made in quantitative diagnostic criteria and auxiliary identification technologies,modern biological interpretations of the constitution characteristics,the association between the Yang-deficiency constitution and diseases,as well as the mechanisms of regulating the constitution.Yet,there are still some deficiencies and limitations.Herein,we systematically reviewed the research progress on the Yang-deficiency constitution by searching articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Wanfang Database,PubMed,and Embase.The future development direction of the Yangdeficiency constitution should focus on developing objective constitution identification techniques,establishing animal models of Yang-deficiency constitution,conducting constitutional and diseaserelated research with a high level of evidence,combined with research on the full chain of the nine constitutions so as to obtain more scientific and objective conclusions.展开更多
Fabry-Perot(FP)antennas have characteristics of planar structures combined with high gain,and they have been widely used in wireless communications.With the progress of ongoing research,FP antennas have achieved vario...Fabry-Perot(FP)antennas have characteristics of planar structures combined with high gain,and they have been widely used in wireless communications.With the progress of ongoing research,FP antennas have achieved various capabilities,but many of them are still under development,such as lowprofile,wideband,circular polarization,multi-band,low-radar cross section(RCS)and reconfigurable features.This paper discusses the theoretical analysis methods and research progress of FP antennas,and explains the realization methods of different features of FP antennas.In order to indicate different technologies for realizing various capabilities,the key technologies and features of some of the latest designs are described.Finally,the research situation and prospects of FP antennas are summarized to guide their research directions in the future.展开更多
Building and infrastructure construction projects can be viewed as a complex system consisting of many subsystems.Over the last two decades,considerable researches that use system dynamics(SD)as an analytical and mode...Building and infrastructure construction projects can be viewed as a complex system consisting of many subsystems.Over the last two decades,considerable researches that use system dynamics(SD)as an analytical and modeling approach exist to address construction project management issues.However,only few critical reviews have been conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of SD application in construction project management.Moreover,many studies have failed to apply SD accurately.Therefore,the present study aims to gain an understanding of the current state of play and future directions in applying SD method in construction project management research,by undertaking a comprehensive review of 105 relevant articles published from 1994 to 2018.These articles are analyzed in terms of annual publication rate,key papers and their contribution,critical issues in SD application,and research topics.A significant increase in the number of publications in the last five years has been observed.When applying SD method to model construction system,the following aspects must be carefully considered:Model boundary,model development,model test,and model simulation.In addition,SD has been applied in a wide range of research topics,including(1)sustainable construction;(2)design error,rework,and change management;(3)risk management;(4)resource management;(5)decision making;(6)hybrid modeling;(7)safety management;(8)PPP project;and(9)organization performance.Based on the review findings,this study discusses three future research directions,namely,integration of SD with other methods,uncertainty analysis,and human factor analysis.This study can help researchers gain an in-depth understanding of the critical issues in the application of SD in construction management and the state-of-the-art of SD research.展开更多
Rivers are basic natural resources supporting ecosystems and human societies,and the health of rivers is crucial to the Earth's sustainable development.Under the profound influence of climate change and human acti...Rivers are basic natural resources supporting ecosystems and human societies,and the health of rivers is crucial to the Earth's sustainable development.Under the profound influence of climate change and human activities,great changes have recently occurred in the circulation and development of rivers,as well as the ways in which they are utilized.In this context,achieving an effective balance between river protection and human development is necessary.In this paper,the essential role of rivers is discussed from three aspects:the formation and evolution of rivers,the shaping of biodiversity,and the cultivation of human civilization.The paper analyzes the challenges brought to the sustainable development of rivers by climate change,human activities,and increased water demand,and proposes four dimensions of future research:scientifically balancing the relationship between river development and protection,improving the adaptability of river development and utilization in the context of climate change,improving the integrity and intelligence level of river management,and building a more fair and sustainable comprehensive river management model.展开更多
Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids,tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators.Since their discovery in 19...Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids,tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators.Since their discovery in 1983,exosomes’unique properties have drawn undistracted attention for 40 years.Particularly during the past decade,exosomes have become a research hotspot worldwide.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)is one of the most important funding agencies for basic research in China.Since its first-ever application in 2008,the NSFC has launched 3,144 projects related to exosomes,which has contributed to elevating the research and cultivating talent in this field.Exosome research supported by the NSFC has diversified into several main research directions to meet the needs of different disciplines through basic and translational studies.In this study,we review exosome-related applications and funded projects of the NSFC to provide an outline of exosome research progress in China,aiming to increase awareness and inspire innovative research related to exosomes.展开更多
In the bistatic case, theoretical analysis and experimental researches on underwater acoustic scattering properties of some submarine model are made in this paper. When sourcet target and receiver have complicated tri...In the bistatic case, theoretical analysis and experimental researches on underwater acoustic scattering properties of some submarine model are made in this paper. When sourcet target and receiver have complicated triangular configuration, the relationships among target strength, incidence angle and bistatic angle are obtained. The validity of this theory is verified by theoretical calculations and tank experiments. The research results can be directly used in bistatic or multistatic underwater acoustic detection systems.展开更多
A coal slurry mixing tank is a key piece of equipment in the preparation of coal slurry for direct coal liquefaction.It is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing device.Based on the performance of the existing coal slu...A coal slurry mixing tank is a key piece of equipment in the preparation of coal slurry for direct coal liquefaction.It is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing device.Based on the performance of the existing coal slurry mixing equipment,a type of test equipment for horizontal continuous coal slurry preparation was developed,but to this point has limited research results.The test equipment consists of a mixing cylinder,mixer,stirring impeller and other components.Slurry mixing experiments were undertaken using the prototype,testing the performance of the device.A mathematical model was proposed specifically for the operation of a coal slurry mixing tank that is horizontally operated with high slurry concentration and rotary flow.The flow field in the horizontal coal mixing tank was simulated with the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method.The experimental results match well with the CFD simulation results.Results show that the test device of a coal slurry mixing tank can be used to model the mixing of pulverized coal and the solvent oil.A strong correlation was obtained.展开更多
Biochar,derived from thermal pyrolysis of biomass,has been regarded as a low-cost,sustainable and beneficial material and widely applied in agriculture,environment and energy during the last two decades.To elucidate t...Biochar,derived from thermal pyrolysis of biomass,has been regarded as a low-cost,sustainable and beneficial material and widely applied in agriculture,environment and energy during the last two decades.To elucidate the research status timely and future trends in biochar field,CiteSpace is used to systematically analyze the related literature retrieved from the Web of Science core collection in 2019.Based on the keywords clustering analysis,it was found that“biochar production”,“organic pollutants removal”,“heavy metals immobilization”,“bioremediation”were the main hotspots in research covering biochar.“Bioremediation”is an emerging topic and deserves extensive attention due to its highly effective and environmentally friendly treatment of pollutants.Improving the phytoremediation effect,immobilizing functional microorganisms on biochar,and using microorganisms as raw materials to produce biochar were the common methods of biochar-assisted bioremediation.While studies focused on“soil quality and plant growth”and“biochar and global climate change”decreased,investigations concentrated in the toxicity of biochar to soil biota and ruminants are sustainably growing.Research on direct and catalytic thermal pyrolysis of green waste(mainly microalgae)for biofuels(bio-oil,biodiesel,syngas,etc.)and biochar production is increasing.Converting municipal wastes(e.g.,sewage sludge,fallen leaves)into biochar through pyrolysis was a suitable treatment for municipal waste and became a popular topic in recent time.Moreover,the biochar produced from these municipal wastes exhibited excellent performance in the removal of pollutants from wastewater and soil.This review may help to identify future directions in biochar research and applications.展开更多
This historiographic essay contends that warfare made and unmade the Qing dynasty between 1644 and 1911, and its study has helped to create the field of modem Chinese history during the past seventy years. It advances...This historiographic essay contends that warfare made and unmade the Qing dynasty between 1644 and 1911, and its study has helped to create the field of modem Chinese history during the past seventy years. It advances three principal claims. First, the literature on war, especially interstate conflict, can serve as a synecdoche for the development of the modem China field as a whole since the 1950s. The research interests of late Qing specialists have oscillated along an ＂external-internal-external＂ axis that corresponds with three distinct periods of intellectual inquiry, scholarly production, and generational dominance. Second, historians have reached inaccurate conclusions about the state capacity of the Qing Empire after 1840 through a crude analysis of the First Sino-Japanese War, a mistake they can rectify by adopting a longer-term perspective on the state-making process. Third, scholars have deftly traced the changing role of military power in modem Chinese politics but have also adopted the interpretive categories of wen and wu from literati discourse without sufficient critical reflection. In the future, researchers may seek to explore the intersection of warfare and the environment, technology, and ethnic identity, approaches that will continue to move the field in comparative, global, and Inner Asian directions.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B6002)National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD14001)Project of the Sinopec Science and Technology Department(P25196,P24207).
文摘Lacustrine rift basins in China are characterized by pronounced structural segmentation,strong sedimentary heterogeneity,extensive fault-fracture development,and significant variability in thermal maturity and mobility of shale oil.This study reviews the current status of exploration and development of shale oil in such basins and examines theoretical frameworks such as“binary enrichment”and source-reservoir configuration,with a focus on five key subjects:(1)sedimentation-diagenesis coupling mechanisms of fine-grained shale reservoir formation;(2)dynamic diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms of organic-rich shale;(3)dominant controls and evaluation methods for shale oil enrichment;(4)fracturing mechanisms of organic-rich shale and simulation of artificial fracture networks;and(5)flow mechanisms and effective development strategies for shale oil.Integrated analysis suggests that two major scientific challenges must be addressed:the coupled evolution of fine-grained sedimentation,differential diagenesis,and hydrocarbon generation under tectonic influence and its control on shale oil occurrence and enrichment;and multi-scale,multiphase flow mechanisms and three-dimensional development strategies for lacustrine shale oil in complex fault blocks.In response to current exploration and development bottlenecks,future research will be conducted primarily to:(1)deeply understand organic-inorganic interactions and reservoir formation mechanisms in organic-rich shales,and clarify the influence of high-frequency sequence evolution and diagenetic fluids on reservoir space;(2)elucidate the dynamic processes of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion,and retention across different lithofacies,and quantify their relationship with thermal maturity,including the conditions for the formation of self-sealing systems;(3)develop a geologically adaptive,data-and intelligence-driven shale oil classification and grading evaluation system of shale oil;(4)reveal artificial fracture propagation pattern and optimize physical field coupled fracturing technologies for complex lithofacies assemblages;and(5)overcome challenges in multi-scale geological modeling and multiphase flow characterization,and establish advanced numerical simulation methodologies.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2441226).
文摘In recent years,intensified environmental pollution and climate change have increasingly exposed the world to natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods,resulting in substantial economic losses[1].These disasters frequently damage terrestrial communication infrastructures,making the rapid deployment of emergency communication networks in affected areas critical in increasing rescue efficiency[2].
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Grant Agreement(801522)Science Foundation Ireland and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the ADAPT Centre for Digital Content Technology(13/RC/2106_P2)。
文摘Electricity theft is one of the major issues in developing countries which is affecting their economy badly.Especially with the introduction of emerging technologies,this issue became more complicated.Though many new energy theft detection(ETD)techniques have been proposed by utilising different data mining(DM)techniques,state&network(S&N)based techniques,and game theory(GT)techniques.Here,a detailed survey is presented where many state-of-the-art ETD techniques are studied and analysed for their strengths and limitations.Three levels of taxonomy are presented to classify state-of-the-art ETD techniques.Different types and ways of energy theft and their consequences are studied and summarised and different parameters to benchmark the performance of proposed techniques are extracted from literature.The challenges of different ETD techniques and their mitigation are suggested for future work.It is observed that the literature on ETD lacks knowledge management techniques that can be more effective,not only for ETD but also for theft tracking.This can help in the prevention of energy theft,in the future,as well as for ETD.
文摘Farmland weeds are an important part of farmland ecosystems.Research on farmland weeds is one of the major research fields in agricultural ecology.It is of great significance for achieving high yield,high quality and high efficiency in agriculture.In recent years,research on farmland weeds has focused on investigation of weed communities,research on weed seed banks,and research on weed control.These three research directions complement each other.Among them,the investigation work of weed communities and the research of weed seed banks are helpful for us to grasp the occurrence of farmland weeds more accurately and provide references for the control of farmland weeds.This article summarizes the research directions of farmland weeds in recent years(weed community investigation,weed seed bank,weed control)and the research methods used,provide reference value for the follow-up research work of farmland weeds,and provide theoretical support for promoting the development of rural ecological industry and building beautiful villages.
文摘CO_(2) conversion into value-added products by electro-, photoand plasma catalysis under mild operating conditions(ambient temperature and pressure) is an emerging area to achieve carbon circularity by producing chemicals and fuels using directly renewable energy. Among all CO_(2) conversion approaches, the electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) is the most mature technology, capable of achieving high productivity(i.e. high current densities) at large scale, especially for producing carbon monoxide(CO), but with many examples showing selectivity to C_(2) carbon products.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42230611,U2142208,41905011,42175088)。
文摘The northern region of China is not only a sensitive area for global climate change and a key region with prominent monsoon climate,but also a“hotspot”for global land-atmosphere coupling.Terrain and geomorphology in this area are complex with a large spatiotemporal variation in land surface characteristics,and the climate dynamics of land-atmosphere interaction is relatively significant.In addition,affected by interactions between circulation systems in the mid-to high latitudes and low latitudes,atmospheric circulations in this area are relatively active,which makes it easy to induce extreme meteorological events such as droughts,sand storms,rainstorms,and hail.In view of this,from the perspective of scientific innovation,the main research works in the field of land-air interaction in northern China since this century are systematically summarized.Seven new research advancements have been outlined,including the comprehensive observational and experimental system of landatmosphere interaction in northern China,the spatiotemporal changes in physical quantities involved in land surface processes and their responses to summer monsoon,the response characteristics of land surface evapotranspiration to climate warming,land surface process parameters and parameterization schemes,the mechanism of land surface energy and water imbalance,the spatiotemporal changes and influence mechanisms of atmospheric boundary layer,and the relationship of land-atmosphere interaction with weather and climate.Based on the research progress summarized in this paper and the cutting-edge international study trend,we propose six key breakthroughs in the future for the study in this field:(1)the study should be based on the implementation and development of a new meteorologically integrated operational observation system that can observe and test conventional land-atmosphere interaction,(2)we need to improve our understanding of multi-interface exchange processes involved in land-atmosphere interaction,(3)mechanism study in the multi-scale land-atmosphere coupling process will be strengthened,(4)we need to deepen our understanding of the characteristics of land-atmosphere interaction in the specific environment of northern China,(5)the impact of land-atmosphere interaction on extreme weather and climate will be revealed,(6)multiple complicated feedback mechanisms between land-atmosphere interaction and climate warming will be explored.The information given in this paper will provide a scientific reference as well as a roadmap to promote land-atmosphere interaction study in northern China in the future.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72088101)。
文摘After the preliminary basic research on the problems encountered during the production period of Gulong shale oil in the Songliao Basin, NE China, and the scientific exploration, the special characteristics of Gulong shale oil in terms of reservoir space, phase distribution, flow pattern, and mineral evolution are proposed. The main results are as follows :(1) The source of organic matter, mechanism of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, and key factors affecting shale oil abundance;(2) The types and structural characteristics of the reservoir and their contribution to porosity and permeability;(3) The mineral origin and evolution of minerals and their influence on reservoir availability, sensitivity, and compressibility;(4) The rock mechanical characteristics and fracture propagation law of Gulong shale;(5) The shale oil products, phase change law and main control factors of adsorption and desorption conversion of Gulong shale oil;(6) The mechanism of shale oil-liquid, solid-liquid gas interaction and enhanced oil recovery. Three key research suggestions are proposed to realize the large-scale economic utilization of the Gulong shale oil as follows:(1) Deepen research on the mechanism of oil and gas generation and discharge, storage and transportation, to guide the selection of geological sweet spots of shale oil;(2) Deepen research on the compressibility and fracture initiation mechanism to support the selection of engineering sweet spots and optimization of engineering design;(3) Deepen research on the fluid interaction mechanism under reservoir conditions, os us to guide the optimization of development schemes and the selection of EOR technologies. A successful development of Gulong shale oil requires global experts and scholars to contribute multidisciplinary innovative ideas and technical ideas to solve production problems.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Putian University,No.2022059.
文摘The growing global burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)demands a deeper understanding of its underlying mechanisms and risk factors.Recent studies,such as the large population-based case-control analysis by Abdel-Razeq et al,suggest a significant association between Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection and an increased risk of developing MASH.This study provides compelling data supporting this association,even after adjusting for confounders such as obesity,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.However,the complexity of this relationship remains unresolved,requiring further investigation into the biological,genetic,and environmental pathways that connect these two conditions.This article critically reviews the study’s findings and identifies its limitations,offering innovative research directions for the future.Key areas of focus include integrating genomic and microbiome analyses,exploring the impact of H.pylori eradication on MASH progression,studying molecular mechanisms at the intersection of infection and liver disease,and developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Mechanism of Regulating the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Hypodynamic Symptoms of Depression Easily Occurred in YangDeficiency Constitution and Improved by Adjusting the Constitution,No.82074291the Intestinal Microecology Mechanism of Gui Fu Di Huang Pills in Regulating the Energy Metabolism and NervousEndocrine Network of Yang Deficiency Constitution People,No.81774161)the Strategic Research and Consulting Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering:Strategic Research on“Preventive Treatment of Disease”by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Construction of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Disease Prevention and Control System(No.2021-XBZD-1)。
文摘The Yang-deficiency constitution has been a hot topic of interest in recent years.Important research progress has been made in quantitative diagnostic criteria and auxiliary identification technologies,modern biological interpretations of the constitution characteristics,the association between the Yang-deficiency constitution and diseases,as well as the mechanisms of regulating the constitution.Yet,there are still some deficiencies and limitations.Herein,we systematically reviewed the research progress on the Yang-deficiency constitution by searching articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database,China Science and Technology Journal Database,Wanfang Database,PubMed,and Embase.The future development direction of the Yangdeficiency constitution should focus on developing objective constitution identification techniques,establishing animal models of Yang-deficiency constitution,conducting constitutional and diseaserelated research with a high level of evidence,combined with research on the full chain of the nine constitutions so as to obtain more scientific and objective conclusions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61671238,61471368)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NJ20160008,56XAA19052)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(1601009B)the Equipment Advanced Research Foundation of China(61402090103)the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada.
文摘Fabry-Perot(FP)antennas have characteristics of planar structures combined with high gain,and they have been widely used in wireless communications.With the progress of ongoing research,FP antennas have achieved various capabilities,but many of them are still under development,such as lowprofile,wideband,circular polarization,multi-band,low-radar cross section(RCS)and reconfigurable features.This paper discusses the theoretical analysis methods and research progress of FP antennas,and explains the realization methods of different features of FP antennas.In order to indicate different technologies for realizing various capabilities,the key technologies and features of some of the latest designs are described.Finally,the research situation and prospects of FP antennas are summarized to guide their research directions in the future.
基金supported by the research funds provided by Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.17ZXCXSF00040)Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(Grant Nos.TD13-5006 and 2017JWZD26).
文摘Building and infrastructure construction projects can be viewed as a complex system consisting of many subsystems.Over the last two decades,considerable researches that use system dynamics(SD)as an analytical and modeling approach exist to address construction project management issues.However,only few critical reviews have been conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of SD application in construction project management.Moreover,many studies have failed to apply SD accurately.Therefore,the present study aims to gain an understanding of the current state of play and future directions in applying SD method in construction project management research,by undertaking a comprehensive review of 105 relevant articles published from 1994 to 2018.These articles are analyzed in terms of annual publication rate,key papers and their contribution,critical issues in SD application,and research topics.A significant increase in the number of publications in the last five years has been observed.When applying SD method to model construction system,the following aspects must be carefully considered:Model boundary,model development,model test,and model simulation.In addition,SD has been applied in a wide range of research topics,including(1)sustainable construction;(2)design error,rework,and change management;(3)risk management;(4)resource management;(5)decision making;(6)hybrid modeling;(7)safety management;(8)PPP project;and(9)organization performance.Based on the review findings,this study discusses three future research directions,namely,integration of SD with other methods,uncertainty analysis,and human factor analysis.This study can help researchers gain an in-depth understanding of the critical issues in the application of SD in construction management and the state-of-the-art of SD research.
文摘Rivers are basic natural resources supporting ecosystems and human societies,and the health of rivers is crucial to the Earth's sustainable development.Under the profound influence of climate change and human activities,great changes have recently occurred in the circulation and development of rivers,as well as the ways in which they are utilized.In this context,achieving an effective balance between river protection and human development is necessary.In this paper,the essential role of rivers is discussed from three aspects:the formation and evolution of rivers,the shaping of biodiversity,and the cultivation of human civilization.The paper analyzes the challenges brought to the sustainable development of rivers by climate change,human activities,and increased water demand,and proposes four dimensions of future research:scientifically balancing the relationship between river development and protection,improving the adaptability of river development and utilization in the context of climate change,improving the integrity and intelligence level of river management,and building a more fair and sustainable comprehensive river management model.
文摘Exosomes are characterized as extracellular vesicles(EVs)ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter that widely exist in body fluids,tissues and organs and are important intercellular communicators.Since their discovery in 1983,exosomes’unique properties have drawn undistracted attention for 40 years.Particularly during the past decade,exosomes have become a research hotspot worldwide.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)is one of the most important funding agencies for basic research in China.Since its first-ever application in 2008,the NSFC has launched 3,144 projects related to exosomes,which has contributed to elevating the research and cultivating talent in this field.Exosome research supported by the NSFC has diversified into several main research directions to meet the needs of different disciplines through basic and translational studies.In this study,we review exosome-related applications and funded projects of the NSFC to provide an outline of exosome research progress in China,aiming to increase awareness and inspire innovative research related to exosomes.
文摘In the bistatic case, theoretical analysis and experimental researches on underwater acoustic scattering properties of some submarine model are made in this paper. When sourcet target and receiver have complicated triangular configuration, the relationships among target strength, incidence angle and bistatic angle are obtained. The validity of this theory is verified by theoretical calculations and tank experiments. The research results can be directly used in bistatic or multistatic underwater acoustic detection systems.
基金Project (No. 2008C21021) supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘A coal slurry mixing tank is a key piece of equipment in the preparation of coal slurry for direct coal liquefaction.It is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase mixing device.Based on the performance of the existing coal slurry mixing equipment,a type of test equipment for horizontal continuous coal slurry preparation was developed,but to this point has limited research results.The test equipment consists of a mixing cylinder,mixer,stirring impeller and other components.Slurry mixing experiments were undertaken using the prototype,testing the performance of the device.A mathematical model was proposed specifically for the operation of a coal slurry mixing tank that is horizontally operated with high slurry concentration and rotary flow.The flow field in the horizontal coal mixing tank was simulated with the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method.The experimental results match well with the CFD simulation results.Results show that the test device of a coal slurry mixing tank can be used to model the mixing of pulverized coal and the solvent oil.A strong correlation was obtained.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21537002)the Special research assistant project,Chinese academy of sciences(Project no.E022ST01).
文摘Biochar,derived from thermal pyrolysis of biomass,has been regarded as a low-cost,sustainable and beneficial material and widely applied in agriculture,environment and energy during the last two decades.To elucidate the research status timely and future trends in biochar field,CiteSpace is used to systematically analyze the related literature retrieved from the Web of Science core collection in 2019.Based on the keywords clustering analysis,it was found that“biochar production”,“organic pollutants removal”,“heavy metals immobilization”,“bioremediation”were the main hotspots in research covering biochar.“Bioremediation”is an emerging topic and deserves extensive attention due to its highly effective and environmentally friendly treatment of pollutants.Improving the phytoremediation effect,immobilizing functional microorganisms on biochar,and using microorganisms as raw materials to produce biochar were the common methods of biochar-assisted bioremediation.While studies focused on“soil quality and plant growth”and“biochar and global climate change”decreased,investigations concentrated in the toxicity of biochar to soil biota and ruminants are sustainably growing.Research on direct and catalytic thermal pyrolysis of green waste(mainly microalgae)for biofuels(bio-oil,biodiesel,syngas,etc.)and biochar production is increasing.Converting municipal wastes(e.g.,sewage sludge,fallen leaves)into biochar through pyrolysis was a suitable treatment for municipal waste and became a popular topic in recent time.Moreover,the biochar produced from these municipal wastes exhibited excellent performance in the removal of pollutants from wastewater and soil.This review may help to identify future directions in biochar research and applications.
文摘This historiographic essay contends that warfare made and unmade the Qing dynasty between 1644 and 1911, and its study has helped to create the field of modem Chinese history during the past seventy years. It advances three principal claims. First, the literature on war, especially interstate conflict, can serve as a synecdoche for the development of the modem China field as a whole since the 1950s. The research interests of late Qing specialists have oscillated along an ＂external-internal-external＂ axis that corresponds with three distinct periods of intellectual inquiry, scholarly production, and generational dominance. Second, historians have reached inaccurate conclusions about the state capacity of the Qing Empire after 1840 through a crude analysis of the First Sino-Japanese War, a mistake they can rectify by adopting a longer-term perspective on the state-making process. Third, scholars have deftly traced the changing role of military power in modem Chinese politics but have also adopted the interpretive categories of wen and wu from literati discourse without sufficient critical reflection. In the future, researchers may seek to explore the intersection of warfare and the environment, technology, and ethnic identity, approaches that will continue to move the field in comparative, global, and Inner Asian directions.
