Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human body.PFAAs have...Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human body.PFAAs have been found to be biotoxic to humans and have been detected in various environmental media,especially in the cryosphere at trace concentrations.The cryosphere,sensitively responds to climate change,plays a crucial role in the global water,carbon and energy cycles.However,researches on cryosphere PFAAs especially in Tibetan Plateau(TP)is limited.Therefore,we summarize the physicochemical properties,physiological toxicity,spatiotemporal distribution,sources,diffusion and migration pathways,as well as analysis and removal methods of PFAAs in the cryosphere regions.The results show that PFAAs pollutants are mainly produced and distributed in the more economically developed countries in Europe and the United States,as well as in East Asia,and PFAAs can be transported by atmospheric circulation and water cycle to remote regions including cryosphere regions.The current detection methods for PFAAs in cryosphere need to be further refined for increased accuracy and convenience.There is also a need to develop more effective removal methods that will reduce the environmental and human threats posed by these PFAAs.Finally,we propose key scientific questions for future research in cryosphere including PFAAs redistribution influenced by cryosphere changes,human activities,and the interaction of other spheres.展开更多
The integrated structure parts are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates during machining integrated parts is a common and serious problem. To predi...The integrated structure parts are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates during machining integrated parts is a common and serious problem. To predict and control the machining distortion, the residual stress distribution in the thick plate must be measured firstly. The modified removal method for measuring residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates is proposed and the stress-strain relation matrix is deduced by elasticity theory. The residual stress distribution in specimen of 7050T7451 plate is measured by using the method, and measurement results are analyzed and compared with data obtained by other methods. The method is effective to measure the residual stress.展开更多
[Objectives] To optimize the ethyl acetate impurity removal method for extracting and isolating mangiferin from mango leaves,and provide raw materials and technical support for development and use of mangiferin relate...[Objectives] To optimize the ethyl acetate impurity removal method for extracting and isolating mangiferin from mango leaves,and provide raw materials and technical support for development and use of mangiferin related products. [Methods]Five steps( material crushing→ ethyl acetate impurity removing → concentrated extract washing → extracting with methanol → crystallization and precipitation) were used.The single factor experiment and L9( 34) orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the process parameters including extraction time,ultrasonic power,extraction times,and extraction temperature.[Results] The optimum process of ethyl acetate impurity removal method for extracting and isolating mangiferin from mango leaves was as follows: the mango leaves were crushed and sieved; 3 m L/g of ethyl acetate was added,sealed and soaked for 4 h,ultrasonically shaken for 20 min( 50℃,350 W),filtered at room temperature,filtered with 100 mesh sieve,and extracted three times; added 100% methanol to the residue at 3 m L/g,extract by ultrasonic vibration for 20 min( 350 W,55℃)for four times,filtered with 100 mesh sieve when it was still hot; mixed the extract of each time,condensed by vacuum decompression to get the extract; added 100% methanol at 4 m L/g,mixed and washed for 5 min at room temperature,placed for 10 min,filtered with 100 mesh sieve,washed 3 times repeatedly,and dried the filter residue at 60℃ to obtain the crude mangiferin; added 100% methanol at 4 m L/g,mixed and washed at 50℃ for 5 min,placed at 6℃ for 8 h,dried the filter residue at 60℃,and repeatedly crystallized two times. According to the above process,crude and pure mangiferin products could be obtained,the purity of mangiferin of the crude product was higher than 64. 00%,the total recovery rate was 83. 90%,and the purity of mangiferin of the pure product was higher than 98. 00%,and the total recovery rate was about 66. 40%. [Conclusions] The optimized ethyl acetate impurity removal method is easy in operation,low in cost,and high in efficiency for extracting and isolating mangiferin,and can be applied for actual production of mangiferin.展开更多
A new velocity determination algorithm with combination of remove and restore method, outliers detection method and Chebyshev fitting method with redundant observations is proposed. An optimal selection of number of s...A new velocity determination algorithm with combination of remove and restore method, outliers detection method and Chebyshev fitting method with redundant observations is proposed. An optimal selection of number of sampling points is given. The result shows that, when the number of sampling points is 19, the three-dimension （3D） interpolation precision of velocity is superior to 0.1 mm/s, which is above 3 times better than that of Chebyshev fitting method with redundant observations and far better than those of the conventional interpolation methods.展开更多
According to autopsy reports,patients who died from COVID-19 had a lot of mucus in the lung that obstructed the airways,reduced the effect of mechanical ventilation,and even led to pulmonary failure.Traditional Chines...According to autopsy reports,patients who died from COVID-19 had a lot of mucus in the lung that obstructed the airways,reduced the effect of mechanical ventilation,and even led to pulmonary failure.Traditional Chinese medicine literature mentions that"Inability to remove phlegm impair s the lung,which leads to death."Hence one of the most urgent problems to be solved is to remove phlegm from the small airways.This article elaborates ten methods to remove phlegm for clinical reference.展开更多
According to autopsy reports,patients who died from COVID‑19 had a lot of mucus in the lung that obstructed the airways,reduced the effect of mechanical ventilation,and even led to pulmonary failure.Traditional Chines...According to autopsy reports,patients who died from COVID‑19 had a lot of mucus in the lung that obstructed the airways,reduced the effect of mechanical ventilation,and even led to pulmonary failure.Traditional Chinese medicine literature mentions that“Inability to remove phlegm impairs the lung,which leads to death.”Hence one of the most urgent problems to be solved is to remove phlegm from the small airways.This article elaborates ten methods to remove phlegm for clinical reference.展开更多
There is a remarkable difference in stress distribution between a specimen and a plate removed from the specimen.The plate presents a uniform stress distribution whereas the specimen presents a non-uniform stress dist...There is a remarkable difference in stress distribution between a specimen and a plate removed from the specimen.The plate presents a uniform stress distribution whereas the specimen presents a non-uniform stress distribution.Firstly,the real stress distributions in plates with thickness of 30,40 and 50 mm and then in the specimens were obtained through simulation and X-ray surface stress measurement.Secondly,in order to study the impact of specimens shapes and processing ways on the results accuracy,two irregular shapes (parallelogram and trapezoid) and two processing ways (saw and electron discharge machining (EDM)) were compared and analyzed by simulation and experiment using layer removal method,then the specimen effects on measurement results were evaluated.The results show that:1) the non-uniform stress distribution characteristics of the specimen near the surface of the cut is significant,the range of non-uniform stress distribution is approximately one-thickness distance away from the cut,and it decreases gradually along the depth;2) In order to ensure the stability in the results,it is suitable to take the specimen plane size 2-3 times of its thickness;3) Conventional processing methods have little effect on experimental results and the average deviation is less than 5%.展开更多
Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates.However,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under indust...Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates.However,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under industrial production conditions,which leads to an asymmetric residual stress distribution.The spray quenching treatment was conducted on self-designed spray equipment,and the residual stress along the thickness direction was measured by a layer removal method based on deflections.Under the asymmetric spray quenching condition,the subsurface stress of the high-flow rate surface was lower than that of the low-flow rate surface,and the difference between the two subsurface stresses increased with the increase in the difference in water flow rates.The subsurface stress underneath the surface with a water flow rate of 0.60 m^(3)/h was 15.38 MPa less than that of 0.15 m^(3)/h.The simulated residual stress by finite element(FE)method of the high heat transfer coefficient(HTC)surface was less than that of the low HTC surface,which is consistent with the experimental results.The FE model can be used to analyze the strain and stress evolution and predict the quenched stress magnitude and distribution.展开更多
Based on the field hyperspectral data from the analytical spectral devices （ASD） spectrometer, we characterized the spectral properties of rice canopies infested with brown spot disease and selected spectral regions...Based on the field hyperspectral data from the analytical spectral devices （ASD） spectrometer, we characterized the spectral properties of rice canopies infested with brown spot disease and selected spectral regions and bands sensitive to four severity degrees （severe, moderate, light, and healthy）. The results show that the curves＇ variation on the original and the first- and second-order de- rivative curves are greatly different, but the spectral difference in the near-infrared region is the most obvious for each level. Specifically, the peaks are located at 822, 738, and 793 nm, while the valleys are located at 402, 570, and 753 run, respectively. The sensitive regions are between 430-520, 530-550, and 650-710 nm, and the bands are 498, 539, and 673 nm in the sensitivity analysis, while they are in the ranges of 401-530, 550-730 as well as at 498 nm and 678 nm in the continuum removal.展开更多
According to the original works of an ancient Chinese medicine book"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"(Detailed Analysis of Spleen and Stomach Diseases;1249 C.E.)written by Li Dongyuan(1180-1251 C.E),and relate...According to the original works of an ancient Chinese medicine book"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"(Detailed Analysis of Spleen and Stomach Diseases;1249 C.E.)written by Li Dongyuan(1180-1251 C.E),and related explanations of later physicians,the efficacy and application of Ginseng(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)in related prescriptions were investigated from the aspects of dosage,usage and treatment methods.Ginseng appeared in 27 named prescriptions,including 20 decoctions,4 pill and 3 powder.In terms of dosage and usage,the common dosage of Ginseng is five points,mainly decoction.Most of the processing methods are"Fuju"(Bite up the medicine with your mouth so it can be taken.)and decoction with water.In terms of treatment methods,Ginseng is used in the sweet temperature and heat removing method and Nourishes Qi and Eliminates Evils Method(build your body to cure disease)in Li Dongyuan's"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach".Explaining Sweet Temperature Heat Removal Method(Use sweet and warm medicines to treat Qi-deficiency fever or Blood-deficiency fever;there are many reasons for fever,and cold and cooling medicines with heat-clearing effect are generally used for treatment.Use bitter cold medicine,so as not to consume the body's Yang.)takes Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BYD)as an example,and explaining the Nourishes Qi and Eliminates Evils Method takes Mahuang-renshen-shaoyao decoction as an example.At the same time,"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"matured in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties(1115-1368 C.E.).Its system of weights and measures,terminology and medical theory are quite different from those of modern Chinese medicine.Therefore,when researching the dosage,usage and treatment methods of Ginseng,we will explore the controversial points,and explain them by using modern Chinese medicine theory,so as to guide the clinical medication more accurately.展开更多
The environment provides endless assistance for the wellbeing of all living organisms.However,the environment can be stressed due to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic pollutants.Plastics have been identified as a pe...The environment provides endless assistance for the wellbeing of all living organisms.However,the environment can be stressed due to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic pollutants.Plastics have been identified as a persistent pollutant that has been stressing the environment for over a few decades.Among these hazardous plastics,the accumulation of microplastics(MPs)has been identified as a growing global issue.MPs are generally defined as small pieces of plastic less than 5 mm in diameter.Considering the source,two categories are identified,primary and secondary MPs,and it has been recognized that MPs are released into the environment during plastic production,transportation,product usage,and product maintenance.Different processes including physical,chemical,photodegradation,and biological degradations tend to break plastics into MP fragments,which include MPs as well as nanoplastics.Among these degradation processes,physical degradation is prominent in the coastal regions,and chemical degradation can occur due to corrosive chemicals,acids,gases,and atmospheric pollutants,which was the case during the recent MV X-Press Pearl disaster in the Indian Ocean.Different methodologies can be applied for the pretreatment,separation,detection,identification,and quantification of MPs.Digestion of complex substances and ultracentrifugation or ultrafiltration are utilized as pretreatment methods,whereas density,magnetic and electrostatic separations,filtration,and size-exclusion chromatography are practiced as separation methods for MPs.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),and mass spectrometry can be identified as the main analytical methods for MP detection.The ecological risk of MPs affects the marine environment,freshwater environment,and soil environment,ultimately influencing human health.To remediate the issue,removal methods for MPs are being developed,with currently progressing methods being physical sorption and filtration,biological removal and ingestion,chemical treatments,membrane processes,and magnetic separation.Considering the prospects,the need to conduct meta-analyses,and compare data from different studies done in various geographic regions is important,which,among other related topics such as policy development,are discussed thoroughly through this review article.展开更多
基金supported by the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Program(22ZD6FA005)West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202306)+2 种基金Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province(Grant No.23JRRA567)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202312158)Key Research and Development Program of Gansu Province(22YF7FA041)。
文摘Perfluoroalkyl acid analogs(PFAAs)are a class of chemically stable environmentally persistent organic pollutants(POPs)that are difficult to degrade and have a strong capacity to accumulate in the human body.PFAAs have been found to be biotoxic to humans and have been detected in various environmental media,especially in the cryosphere at trace concentrations.The cryosphere,sensitively responds to climate change,plays a crucial role in the global water,carbon and energy cycles.However,researches on cryosphere PFAAs especially in Tibetan Plateau(TP)is limited.Therefore,we summarize the physicochemical properties,physiological toxicity,spatiotemporal distribution,sources,diffusion and migration pathways,as well as analysis and removal methods of PFAAs in the cryosphere regions.The results show that PFAAs pollutants are mainly produced and distributed in the more economically developed countries in Europe and the United States,as well as in East Asia,and PFAAs can be transported by atmospheric circulation and water cycle to remote regions including cryosphere regions.The current detection methods for PFAAs in cryosphere need to be further refined for increased accuracy and convenience.There is also a need to develop more effective removal methods that will reduce the environmental and human threats posed by these PFAAs.Finally,we propose key scientific questions for future research in cryosphere including PFAAs redistribution influenced by cryosphere changes,human activities,and the interaction of other spheres.
文摘The integrated structure parts are widely used in aircraft. The distortion caused by residual stresses in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates during machining integrated parts is a common and serious problem. To predict and control the machining distortion, the residual stress distribution in the thick plate must be measured firstly. The modified removal method for measuring residual stress in thick pre-stretched aluminum plates is proposed and the stress-strain relation matrix is deduced by elasticity theory. The residual stress distribution in specimen of 7050T7451 plate is measured by using the method, and measurement results are analyzed and compared with data obtained by other methods. The method is effective to measure the residual stress.
基金Supported by Key Technological Innovation Project of Sichuan Province,China(2016XM120)
文摘[Objectives] To optimize the ethyl acetate impurity removal method for extracting and isolating mangiferin from mango leaves,and provide raw materials and technical support for development and use of mangiferin related products. [Methods]Five steps( material crushing→ ethyl acetate impurity removing → concentrated extract washing → extracting with methanol → crystallization and precipitation) were used.The single factor experiment and L9( 34) orthogonal experiment was carried out to optimize the process parameters including extraction time,ultrasonic power,extraction times,and extraction temperature.[Results] The optimum process of ethyl acetate impurity removal method for extracting and isolating mangiferin from mango leaves was as follows: the mango leaves were crushed and sieved; 3 m L/g of ethyl acetate was added,sealed and soaked for 4 h,ultrasonically shaken for 20 min( 50℃,350 W),filtered at room temperature,filtered with 100 mesh sieve,and extracted three times; added 100% methanol to the residue at 3 m L/g,extract by ultrasonic vibration for 20 min( 350 W,55℃)for four times,filtered with 100 mesh sieve when it was still hot; mixed the extract of each time,condensed by vacuum decompression to get the extract; added 100% methanol at 4 m L/g,mixed and washed for 5 min at room temperature,placed for 10 min,filtered with 100 mesh sieve,washed 3 times repeatedly,and dried the filter residue at 60℃ to obtain the crude mangiferin; added 100% methanol at 4 m L/g,mixed and washed at 50℃ for 5 min,placed at 6℃ for 8 h,dried the filter residue at 60℃,and repeatedly crystallized two times. According to the above process,crude and pure mangiferin products could be obtained,the purity of mangiferin of the crude product was higher than 64. 00%,the total recovery rate was 83. 90%,and the purity of mangiferin of the pure product was higher than 98. 00%,and the total recovery rate was about 66. 40%. [Conclusions] The optimized ethyl acetate impurity removal method is easy in operation,low in cost,and high in efficiency for extracting and isolating mangiferin,and can be applied for actual production of mangiferin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41174008)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth’s Dynamics(SKLGED2013-4-2-EZ)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(2007B51)
文摘A new velocity determination algorithm with combination of remove and restore method, outliers detection method and Chebyshev fitting method with redundant observations is proposed. An optimal selection of number of sampling points is given. The result shows that, when the number of sampling points is 19, the three-dimension （3D） interpolation precision of velocity is superior to 0.1 mm/s, which is above 3 times better than that of Chebyshev fitting method with redundant observations and far better than those of the conventional interpolation methods.
文摘According to autopsy reports,patients who died from COVID-19 had a lot of mucus in the lung that obstructed the airways,reduced the effect of mechanical ventilation,and even led to pulmonary failure.Traditional Chinese medicine literature mentions that"Inability to remove phlegm impair s the lung,which leads to death."Hence one of the most urgent problems to be solved is to remove phlegm from the small airways.This article elaborates ten methods to remove phlegm for clinical reference.
文摘According to autopsy reports,patients who died from COVID‑19 had a lot of mucus in the lung that obstructed the airways,reduced the effect of mechanical ventilation,and even led to pulmonary failure.Traditional Chinese medicine literature mentions that“Inability to remove phlegm impairs the lung,which leads to death.”Hence one of the most urgent problems to be solved is to remove phlegm from the small airways.This article elaborates ten methods to remove phlegm for clinical reference.
基金Project(2005CB623708) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘There is a remarkable difference in stress distribution between a specimen and a plate removed from the specimen.The plate presents a uniform stress distribution whereas the specimen presents a non-uniform stress distribution.Firstly,the real stress distributions in plates with thickness of 30,40 and 50 mm and then in the specimens were obtained through simulation and X-ray surface stress measurement.Secondly,in order to study the impact of specimens shapes and processing ways on the results accuracy,two irregular shapes (parallelogram and trapezoid) and two processing ways (saw and electron discharge machining (EDM)) were compared and analyzed by simulation and experiment using layer removal method,then the specimen effects on measurement results were evaluated.The results show that:1) the non-uniform stress distribution characteristics of the specimen near the surface of the cut is significant,the range of non-uniform stress distribution is approximately one-thickness distance away from the cut,and it decreases gradually along the depth;2) In order to ensure the stability in the results,it is suitable to take the specimen plane size 2-3 times of its thickness;3) Conventional processing methods have little effect on experimental results and the average deviation is less than 5%.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFF0218200)。
文摘Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates.However,the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under industrial production conditions,which leads to an asymmetric residual stress distribution.The spray quenching treatment was conducted on self-designed spray equipment,and the residual stress along the thickness direction was measured by a layer removal method based on deflections.Under the asymmetric spray quenching condition,the subsurface stress of the high-flow rate surface was lower than that of the low-flow rate surface,and the difference between the two subsurface stresses increased with the increase in the difference in water flow rates.The subsurface stress underneath the surface with a water flow rate of 0.60 m^(3)/h was 15.38 MPa less than that of 0.15 m^(3)/h.The simulated residual stress by finite element(FE)method of the high heat transfer coefficient(HTC)surface was less than that of the low HTC surface,which is consistent with the experimental results.The FE model can be used to analyze the strain and stress evolution and predict the quenched stress magnitude and distribution.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071276 and 41101395)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20110490317)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (2011)
文摘Based on the field hyperspectral data from the analytical spectral devices （ASD） spectrometer, we characterized the spectral properties of rice canopies infested with brown spot disease and selected spectral regions and bands sensitive to four severity degrees （severe, moderate, light, and healthy）. The results show that the curves＇ variation on the original and the first- and second-order de- rivative curves are greatly different, but the spectral difference in the near-infrared region is the most obvious for each level. Specifically, the peaks are located at 822, 738, and 793 nm, while the valleys are located at 402, 570, and 753 run, respectively. The sensitive regions are between 430-520, 530-550, and 650-710 nm, and the bands are 498, 539, and 673 nm in the sensitivity analysis, while they are in the ranges of 401-530, 550-730 as well as at 498 nm and 678 nm in the continuum removal.
文摘According to the original works of an ancient Chinese medicine book"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"(Detailed Analysis of Spleen and Stomach Diseases;1249 C.E.)written by Li Dongyuan(1180-1251 C.E),and related explanations of later physicians,the efficacy and application of Ginseng(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma)in related prescriptions were investigated from the aspects of dosage,usage and treatment methods.Ginseng appeared in 27 named prescriptions,including 20 decoctions,4 pill and 3 powder.In terms of dosage and usage,the common dosage of Ginseng is five points,mainly decoction.Most of the processing methods are"Fuju"(Bite up the medicine with your mouth so it can be taken.)and decoction with water.In terms of treatment methods,Ginseng is used in the sweet temperature and heat removing method and Nourishes Qi and Eliminates Evils Method(build your body to cure disease)in Li Dongyuan's"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach".Explaining Sweet Temperature Heat Removal Method(Use sweet and warm medicines to treat Qi-deficiency fever or Blood-deficiency fever;there are many reasons for fever,and cold and cooling medicines with heat-clearing effect are generally used for treatment.Use bitter cold medicine,so as not to consume the body's Yang.)takes Buzhong Yiqi Decoction(BYD)as an example,and explaining the Nourishes Qi and Eliminates Evils Method takes Mahuang-renshen-shaoyao decoction as an example.At the same time,"Treatise on Spleen and Stomach"matured in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties(1115-1368 C.E.).Its system of weights and measures,terminology and medical theory are quite different from those of modern Chinese medicine.Therefore,when researching the dosage,usage and treatment methods of Ginseng,we will explore the controversial points,and explain them by using modern Chinese medicine theory,so as to guide the clinical medication more accurately.
文摘The environment provides endless assistance for the wellbeing of all living organisms.However,the environment can be stressed due to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic pollutants.Plastics have been identified as a persistent pollutant that has been stressing the environment for over a few decades.Among these hazardous plastics,the accumulation of microplastics(MPs)has been identified as a growing global issue.MPs are generally defined as small pieces of plastic less than 5 mm in diameter.Considering the source,two categories are identified,primary and secondary MPs,and it has been recognized that MPs are released into the environment during plastic production,transportation,product usage,and product maintenance.Different processes including physical,chemical,photodegradation,and biological degradations tend to break plastics into MP fragments,which include MPs as well as nanoplastics.Among these degradation processes,physical degradation is prominent in the coastal regions,and chemical degradation can occur due to corrosive chemicals,acids,gases,and atmospheric pollutants,which was the case during the recent MV X-Press Pearl disaster in the Indian Ocean.Different methodologies can be applied for the pretreatment,separation,detection,identification,and quantification of MPs.Digestion of complex substances and ultracentrifugation or ultrafiltration are utilized as pretreatment methods,whereas density,magnetic and electrostatic separations,filtration,and size-exclusion chromatography are practiced as separation methods for MPs.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),and mass spectrometry can be identified as the main analytical methods for MP detection.The ecological risk of MPs affects the marine environment,freshwater environment,and soil environment,ultimately influencing human health.To remediate the issue,removal methods for MPs are being developed,with currently progressing methods being physical sorption and filtration,biological removal and ingestion,chemical treatments,membrane processes,and magnetic separation.Considering the prospects,the need to conduct meta-analyses,and compare data from different studies done in various geographic regions is important,which,among other related topics such as policy development,are discussed thoroughly through this review article.
