The rolling treatment of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was conducted under different relative reduction at room temperature. The effect of room-temperature rolling on interracial mechanical property of ste...The rolling treatment of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was conducted under different relative reduction at room temperature. The effect of room-temperature rolling on interracial mechanical property of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was studied and the relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction was established. The results show that, for steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite, which consists of 1.2 mm-thick 08AI steel plate and 2.8 mm-thick QTi3.5-3.5 graphite layer, there is a nonlinear relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction in graphite layer. When relative reduction is smaller than 1.1%,interracial shear strength increases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is larger than 1.1%, interracial shear strength decreases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is 1.1%,the largest interracial shear strength of 145.2 MPa can be obtained.展开更多
Magnesium and magnesium alloys,serving as crucial lightweight structural materials and hydrogen storage elements,find extensive applications in space technology,aviation,automotive,and magnesium-based hydrogen industr...Magnesium and magnesium alloys,serving as crucial lightweight structural materials and hydrogen storage elements,find extensive applications in space technology,aviation,automotive,and magnesium-based hydrogen industries.The global production of primary magnesium has reached approximately 1.2 million tons per year,with anticipated diversification in future applications and significant market demand.Nevertheless,approximately 80%of the world’s primary magnesium is still manufactured through the Pidgeon process,grappling with formidable issues including high energy consumption,massive carbon emission,significant resource depletion,and environmental pollution.The implementation of the relative vacuum method shows potential in breaking through technological challenges in the Pidgeon process,facilitating clean,low-carbon continuous magnesium smelting.This paper begins by introducing the principles of the relative vacuum method.Subsequently,it elucidates various innovative process routes,including relative vacuum ferrosilicon reduction,aluminum thermal reduction co-production of spinel,and aluminum thermal reduction co-production of calcium aluminate.Finally,and thermodynamic foundations of the relative vacuum,a quantitative analysis of the material,energy flows,carbon emission,and production cost for several new processes is conducted,comparing and analyzing them against the Pidgeon process.The study findings reveal that,with identical raw materials,the relative vacuum silicon thermal reduction process significantly decreases raw material consumption,energy consumption,and carbon dioxide emissions by 15.86%,30.89%,and 26.27%,respectively,compared to the Pidgeon process.The relative vacuum process,using magnesite as the raw material and aluminum as the reducing agent,has the lowest magnesium-to-feed ratio,at only 3.385.Additionally,its energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are the lowest,at 1.817 tce/t Mg and 7.782 t CO_(2)/t Mg,respectively.The energy consumption and carbon emissions of the relative vacuum magnesium smelting process co-producing calcium aluminate(12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3),3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))are highly correlated with the consumption of dolomite in the raw materials.When the reduction temperature is around 1473.15 K,the critical volume fraction of magnesium vapor for different processes varies within the range of 5%–40%.Production cost analysis shows that the relative vacuum primary magnesium smelting process has significant economic benefits.This paper offers essential data support and theoretical guidance for achieving energy efficiency,carbon reduction in magnesium smelting,and the industrial adoption of innovative processes.展开更多
At room temperature, the rolling treatment of steel-mushy Al-7graphite bonding plate was carried out under different relative reduction. The influence of rolling on interfacial mechanical property of this bonding plat...At room temperature, the rolling treatment of steel-mushy Al-7graphite bonding plate was carried out under different relative reduction. The influence of rolling on interfacial mechanical property of this bonding plate was studied. The results show that, for steel-mushy Al-7graphite bonding plate which is made up of 1.2 mm in thickness 08AI steel plate and 2.0 mm in thickness Al-7graphite layer, there is a nonlinear relationship between interfacial shear strength of bonding plate and relative reduction of rolling. When relative reduction of rolling is smaller than 2.59%, with the increasing of relative reduction, interfacial shear strength of bonding plate increases gradually. When relative reduction of rolling is bigger than 2.59%, with the increasing of relative reduction, interfacial shear strength of bonding plate decreases continuously. When relative reduction of rolling is 2.59%, the largest interfacial shear strength 77.0 MPa can be obtained.展开更多
Feature selection（FS） aims to determine a minimal feature（attribute） subset from a problem domain while retaining a suitably high accuracy in representing the original features. Rough set theory（RST） has been us...Feature selection（FS） aims to determine a minimal feature（attribute） subset from a problem domain while retaining a suitably high accuracy in representing the original features. Rough set theory（RST） has been used as such a tool with much success. RST enables the discovery of data dependencies and the reduction of the number of attributes contained in a dataset using the data alone,requiring no additional information. This paper describes the fundamental ideas behind RST-based approaches,reviews related FS methods built on these ideas,and analyses more frequently used RST-based traditional FS algorithms such as Quickreduct algorithm,entropy based reduct algorithm,and relative reduct algorithm. It is found that some of the drawbacks in the existing algorithms and our proposed improved algorithms can overcome these drawbacks. The experimental analyses have been carried out in order to achieve the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.展开更多
The paper is focused on different kinds of gravity results obtained in Shults Cape Observatory for 2010 -2015. Gravity observation is interpreted together with GPS observation data which was obtained from 2012 to 2015...The paper is focused on different kinds of gravity results obtained in Shults Cape Observatory for 2010 -2015. Gravity observation is interpreted together with GPS observation data which was obtained from 2012 to 2015 at the same station, The station is situated on Gamov peninsular （42.58° N, 131.15° E, Russia） at the coast of Japan Sea, This region constitutes the eastern boundary of Eurasia. This major continental tectonic feature is associated with a seismic activity, high heat flow and anomalous thickness of earth＇s crust. The goal of the observation was the investigation of gravity variation with time and seismicity situation monitoring. Gravity observation was developed at special basement by absolute gravimeter （GABL type） and by spring gravimeter （SCINREX CG-5and gPhone type）. Tidal models were tested by results of observation with spring gravimeters. Reduction task was solved, as the experimental data received from different points of Shults Cape Observatory was used. Applied reduction coefficient is 203.3 12Gal m l, and agrees with theoretical calculation. Next goal was studying structure of earth＇s crust by means of gravity models. Gravity anomaly varied from 30 mGal to 46 mGal, which also depend on difference reference system, Experimental results were used for testing of the structure of continental boundary, which also depends on the sea bottom flexion. Thickness of elastic layer was estimated from 12 km to 18 km by using different models.展开更多
To extract and express the knowledge hidden in information systems, discernibility matrix and its extensions were introduced and applied successfully in many real life applications. Binary discernibility matrix, as a ...To extract and express the knowledge hidden in information systems, discernibility matrix and its extensions were introduced and applied successfully in many real life applications. Binary discernibility matrix, as a representative approach, has many interesting superior properties and has been rapidly developed to find intuitive and easy to understand knowledge. However, at present, the binary discernibility matrix is mainly adopted in the complete information system. It is a challenging topic how to achieve the attribute reduction by using binary discernibility matrix in incomplete information system. A form of generalized binary discernibility matrix is further developed for a number of representative extended rough set models that deal with incomplete information systems. Some useful properties and criteria are introduced for judging the attribute core and attribute relative reduction. Thereafter, a new algorithm is formulated which supports attribute core and attribute relative reduction based on the generalized binary discernibility matrix. This algorithm is not only suitable for consistent information systems but also inconsistent information systems. The feasibility of the proposed methods was demonstrated by worked examples and experimental analysis.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:The photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))through the utilization of only H_(2)O,O_(2),and sunlight represents an energy-efficient and ecofriendly innovation in pursuit of a sustainable ...CONSPECTUS:The photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))through the utilization of only H_(2)O,O_(2),and sunlight represents an energy-efficient and ecofriendly innovation in pursuit of a sustainable society.Despite significant efforts that have been directed toward the development of H2O2 generation via photocatalysis,the solar-to-chemical conversion(SCC)efficiency has not yet reached the levels required for large-scale practical applications.Consequently,there is an urgent demand to develop and design novel photocatalysts characterized by several key attributes:high catalytic activity,cost-effectiveness,and good stability.However,traditional inorganic photocatalysts,such as TiO_(2),have exhibited limited activity,partly attributable to the potential decomposition of H_(2)O_(2)caused by metal cations.Recent research has found organic photocatalysts as highly promising candidates to address these limitations.Organic materials offer several remarkable advantages for photocatalysis,including narrow bandgap,adjustable band edge potentials,the ability to control surface configurations for use as active sites,and the potential for rational design of structural units that promote efficient charge separation and transfer.In the field of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation without sacrificial reagents,efficient organic photocatalysts have been widely studied,and various strategies to improve the activity and stability of organic photocatalysts have been explored.These strategies include the construction of donor−acceptor structures,the design of conjugated structures,the incorporation of heteroatoms,the enhancement of the internal electric field,and the substitution of functional groups.Currently,organic materials have exhibited exceptional activity,far exceeding that of well-established TiO_(2).In this Account,we introduce state-of-the-art organic materials for H_(2)O_(2)generation based on our recent works and typical results from other groups.This classification system encompasses the anthraquinone-mediated oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),the radical-related ORR,the water oxidation reaction(WOR),and the dual ORR and WOR pathways.Through this classification,we delve into essential kinetic parameters,such as production rate,apparent quantum efficiency(AQE),and SCC efficiency that have been achieved.Additionally,we highlight the early exploration of in situ utilization of generated H_(2)O_(2)for environmental remediation.Furthermore,we outline forthcoming challenges in the field,including suboptimal solar energy utilization,the need for a clearer understanding of the structure−activity relationship,and insufficient research on in situ H_(2)O_(2)utilization.In conclusion,this Account makes a substantial contribution to the field by providing a comprehensive overview of recent advancements based on typical works from us and other groups,addressing current challenges,and suggesting areas for future research in the development of organic photocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) generation.The ultimate goal is to drive forward the practical applications of organic semiconductor materials in the environmental and energy fields,thereby advancing the cause of sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50274047 and 50304001)the Ministry of Education of PRC FoundationBeijing Jiaotong University Foundation
文摘The rolling treatment of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was conducted under different relative reduction at room temperature. The effect of room-temperature rolling on interracial mechanical property of steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite was studied and the relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction was established. The results show that, for steel-mushy QTi3.5-3.5 graphite composite, which consists of 1.2 mm-thick 08AI steel plate and 2.8 mm-thick QTi3.5-3.5 graphite layer, there is a nonlinear relationship between interracial shear strength and relative reduction in graphite layer. When relative reduction is smaller than 1.1%,interracial shear strength increases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is larger than 1.1%, interracial shear strength decreases with increasing the relative reduction. When relative reduction is 1.1%,the largest interracial shear strength of 145.2 MPa can be obtained.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023T160088)the Youth Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304324).
文摘Magnesium and magnesium alloys,serving as crucial lightweight structural materials and hydrogen storage elements,find extensive applications in space technology,aviation,automotive,and magnesium-based hydrogen industries.The global production of primary magnesium has reached approximately 1.2 million tons per year,with anticipated diversification in future applications and significant market demand.Nevertheless,approximately 80%of the world’s primary magnesium is still manufactured through the Pidgeon process,grappling with formidable issues including high energy consumption,massive carbon emission,significant resource depletion,and environmental pollution.The implementation of the relative vacuum method shows potential in breaking through technological challenges in the Pidgeon process,facilitating clean,low-carbon continuous magnesium smelting.This paper begins by introducing the principles of the relative vacuum method.Subsequently,it elucidates various innovative process routes,including relative vacuum ferrosilicon reduction,aluminum thermal reduction co-production of spinel,and aluminum thermal reduction co-production of calcium aluminate.Finally,and thermodynamic foundations of the relative vacuum,a quantitative analysis of the material,energy flows,carbon emission,and production cost for several new processes is conducted,comparing and analyzing them against the Pidgeon process.The study findings reveal that,with identical raw materials,the relative vacuum silicon thermal reduction process significantly decreases raw material consumption,energy consumption,and carbon dioxide emissions by 15.86%,30.89%,and 26.27%,respectively,compared to the Pidgeon process.The relative vacuum process,using magnesite as the raw material and aluminum as the reducing agent,has the lowest magnesium-to-feed ratio,at only 3.385.Additionally,its energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are the lowest,at 1.817 tce/t Mg and 7.782 t CO_(2)/t Mg,respectively.The energy consumption and carbon emissions of the relative vacuum magnesium smelting process co-producing calcium aluminate(12CaO·7Al_(2)O_(3),3CaO·Al_(2)O_(3),and CaO·Al_(2)O_(3))are highly correlated with the consumption of dolomite in the raw materials.When the reduction temperature is around 1473.15 K,the critical volume fraction of magnesium vapor for different processes varies within the range of 5%–40%.Production cost analysis shows that the relative vacuum primary magnesium smelting process has significant economic benefits.This paper offers essential data support and theoretical guidance for achieving energy efficiency,carbon reduction in magnesium smelting,and the industrial adoption of innovative processes.
文摘At room temperature, the rolling treatment of steel-mushy Al-7graphite bonding plate was carried out under different relative reduction. The influence of rolling on interfacial mechanical property of this bonding plate was studied. The results show that, for steel-mushy Al-7graphite bonding plate which is made up of 1.2 mm in thickness 08AI steel plate and 2.0 mm in thickness Al-7graphite layer, there is a nonlinear relationship between interfacial shear strength of bonding plate and relative reduction of rolling. When relative reduction of rolling is smaller than 2.59%, with the increasing of relative reduction, interfacial shear strength of bonding plate increases gradually. When relative reduction of rolling is bigger than 2.59%, with the increasing of relative reduction, interfacial shear strength of bonding plate decreases continuously. When relative reduction of rolling is 2.59%, the largest interfacial shear strength 77.0 MPa can be obtained.
基金supported by the UGC, SERO, Hyderabad under FDP during XI plan period, and the UGC, New Delhi for financial assistance under major research project Grant No. F-34-105/2008
文摘Feature selection（FS） aims to determine a minimal feature（attribute） subset from a problem domain while retaining a suitably high accuracy in representing the original features. Rough set theory（RST） has been used as such a tool with much success. RST enables the discovery of data dependencies and the reduction of the number of attributes contained in a dataset using the data alone,requiring no additional information. This paper describes the fundamental ideas behind RST-based approaches,reviews related FS methods built on these ideas,and analyses more frequently used RST-based traditional FS algorithms such as Quickreduct algorithm,entropy based reduct algorithm,and relative reduct algorithm. It is found that some of the drawbacks in the existing algorithms and our proposed improved algorithms can overcome these drawbacks. The experimental analyses have been carried out in order to achieve the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
文摘The paper is focused on different kinds of gravity results obtained in Shults Cape Observatory for 2010 -2015. Gravity observation is interpreted together with GPS observation data which was obtained from 2012 to 2015 at the same station, The station is situated on Gamov peninsular （42.58° N, 131.15° E, Russia） at the coast of Japan Sea, This region constitutes the eastern boundary of Eurasia. This major continental tectonic feature is associated with a seismic activity, high heat flow and anomalous thickness of earth＇s crust. The goal of the observation was the investigation of gravity variation with time and seismicity situation monitoring. Gravity observation was developed at special basement by absolute gravimeter （GABL type） and by spring gravimeter （SCINREX CG-5and gPhone type）. Tidal models were tested by results of observation with spring gravimeters. Reduction task was solved, as the experimental data received from different points of Shults Cape Observatory was used. Applied reduction coefficient is 203.3 12Gal m l, and agrees with theoretical calculation. Next goal was studying structure of earth＇s crust by means of gravity models. Gravity anomaly varied from 30 mGal to 46 mGal, which also depend on difference reference system, Experimental results were used for testing of the structure of continental boundary, which also depends on the sea bottom flexion. Thickness of elastic layer was estimated from 12 km to 18 km by using different models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61403184, 61105082)the ‘1311 Talent Plan’ of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NY2013)+3 种基金the ‘Qinglan’ Project of Jiangsu Province (QL2016)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (215149)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, (PAPD)the Major Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province Education Commission (17KJA120001)
文摘To extract and express the knowledge hidden in information systems, discernibility matrix and its extensions were introduced and applied successfully in many real life applications. Binary discernibility matrix, as a representative approach, has many interesting superior properties and has been rapidly developed to find intuitive and easy to understand knowledge. However, at present, the binary discernibility matrix is mainly adopted in the complete information system. It is a challenging topic how to achieve the attribute reduction by using binary discernibility matrix in incomplete information system. A form of generalized binary discernibility matrix is further developed for a number of representative extended rough set models that deal with incomplete information systems. Some useful properties and criteria are introduced for judging the attribute core and attribute relative reduction. Thereafter, a new algorithm is formulated which supports attribute core and attribute relative reduction based on the generalized binary discernibility matrix. This algorithm is not only suitable for consistent information systems but also inconsistent information systems. The feasibility of the proposed methods was demonstrated by worked examples and experimental analysis.
基金the financial grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22136002,22172065)National Key Research and Development Project of China(2020YFA0710304)+2 种基金Special Fund Project of Jiangsu Province for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(BK20220023)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_2455,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20201345)。
文摘CONSPECTUS:The photocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))through the utilization of only H_(2)O,O_(2),and sunlight represents an energy-efficient and ecofriendly innovation in pursuit of a sustainable society.Despite significant efforts that have been directed toward the development of H2O2 generation via photocatalysis,the solar-to-chemical conversion(SCC)efficiency has not yet reached the levels required for large-scale practical applications.Consequently,there is an urgent demand to develop and design novel photocatalysts characterized by several key attributes:high catalytic activity,cost-effectiveness,and good stability.However,traditional inorganic photocatalysts,such as TiO_(2),have exhibited limited activity,partly attributable to the potential decomposition of H_(2)O_(2)caused by metal cations.Recent research has found organic photocatalysts as highly promising candidates to address these limitations.Organic materials offer several remarkable advantages for photocatalysis,including narrow bandgap,adjustable band edge potentials,the ability to control surface configurations for use as active sites,and the potential for rational design of structural units that promote efficient charge separation and transfer.In the field of photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation without sacrificial reagents,efficient organic photocatalysts have been widely studied,and various strategies to improve the activity and stability of organic photocatalysts have been explored.These strategies include the construction of donor−acceptor structures,the design of conjugated structures,the incorporation of heteroatoms,the enhancement of the internal electric field,and the substitution of functional groups.Currently,organic materials have exhibited exceptional activity,far exceeding that of well-established TiO_(2).In this Account,we introduce state-of-the-art organic materials for H_(2)O_(2)generation based on our recent works and typical results from other groups.This classification system encompasses the anthraquinone-mediated oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),the radical-related ORR,the water oxidation reaction(WOR),and the dual ORR and WOR pathways.Through this classification,we delve into essential kinetic parameters,such as production rate,apparent quantum efficiency(AQE),and SCC efficiency that have been achieved.Additionally,we highlight the early exploration of in situ utilization of generated H_(2)O_(2)for environmental remediation.Furthermore,we outline forthcoming challenges in the field,including suboptimal solar energy utilization,the need for a clearer understanding of the structure−activity relationship,and insufficient research on in situ H_(2)O_(2)utilization.In conclusion,this Account makes a substantial contribution to the field by providing a comprehensive overview of recent advancements based on typical works from us and other groups,addressing current challenges,and suggesting areas for future research in the development of organic photocatalysts for H_(2)O_(2) generation.The ultimate goal is to drive forward the practical applications of organic semiconductor materials in the environmental and energy fields,thereby advancing the cause of sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.
