Aiming at applications as a projectile-borne video reconnaissance system, the overall design and prototype in principle of a mortar video reconnaissance system bomb were developed. Mortar launched test results show th...Aiming at applications as a projectile-borne video reconnaissance system, the overall design and prototype in principle of a mortar video reconnaissance system bomb were developed. Mortar launched test results show that the initial integrated system was capable of transmitting images through tens of kilometers with the image resolution identifying effectively tactical targets such as roads, hills, caverns, trees and rivers. The projectile-borne video reconnaissance system is able to meet the needs of tactical target identification and battle damage assessment for tactical operations. The study will provide significant technological support for further independent development.展开更多
As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonl...As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonlinear effectiveness evaluation under small sample conditions,we propose an evaluation method based on support vector regression(SVR)to effectively address the defects of traditional methods.Considering the performance of SVR is influenced by the penalty factor,kernel type,and other parameters deeply,the improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO)is employed for parameter optimization.In the proposed IGWO algorithm,the opposition-based learning strategy is adopted to increase the probability of avoiding the local optima,the mutation operator is used to escape from premature convergence and differential convergence factors are applied to increase the rate of convergence.Numerical experiments of 14 test functions validate the applicability of IGWO algorithm dealing with global optimization.The index system and evaluation method are constructed based on the characteristics of RSS.To validate the proposed IGWO-SVR evaluation method,eight benchmark data sets and combat simulation are employed to estimate the evaluation accuracy,convergence performance and computational complexity.According to the experimental results,the proposed method outperforms several prediction based evaluation methods,verifies the superiority and effectiveness in RSS operational effectiveness evaluation.展开更多
Drone swarm systems,equipped with photoelectric imaging and intelligent target perception,are essential for reconnaissance and strike missions in complex and high-risk environments.They excel in information sharing,an...Drone swarm systems,equipped with photoelectric imaging and intelligent target perception,are essential for reconnaissance and strike missions in complex and high-risk environments.They excel in information sharing,anti-jamming capabilities,and combat performance,making them critical for future warfare.However,varied perspectives in collaborative combat scenarios pose challenges to object detection,hindering traditional detection algorithms and reducing accuracy.Limited angle-prior data and sparse samples further complicate detection.This paper presents the Multi-View Collaborative Detection System,which tackles the challenges of multi-view object detection in collaborative combat scenarios.The system is designed to enhance multi-view image generation and detection algorithms,thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of object detection across varying perspectives.First,an observation model for three-dimensional targets through line-of-sight angle transformation is constructed,and a multi-view image generation algorithm based on the Pix2Pix network is designed.For object detection,YOLOX is utilized,and a deep feature extraction network,BA-RepCSPDarknet,is developed to address challenges related to small target scale and feature extraction challenges.Additionally,a feature fusion network NS-PAFPN is developed to mitigate the issue of deep feature map information loss in UAV images.A visual attention module(BAM)is employed to manage appearance differences under varying angles,while a feature mapping module(DFM)prevents fine-grained feature loss.These advancements lead to the development of BA-YOLOX,a multi-view object detection network model suitable for drone platforms,enhancing accuracy and effectively targeting small objects.展开更多
In the design problem of low earth orbit(LEO) reconnaissance satellite constellation, optimization of coverage performance is the design goal in most current methods. However,in the using process, the user only concer...In the design problem of low earth orbit(LEO) reconnaissance satellite constellation, optimization of coverage performance is the design goal in most current methods. However,in the using process, the user only concerns with the detection capabilities rather than coverage performance. To establish the relationship between these two aspects, the reconnaissance processes of normal stochastic targets are considered and the mathematic models of detection processes are built. The indicators of coverage performance are used to evaluate the detection probability and expectation of detection time delay, which are important factors in reconnaissance constellation estimation viewed from military intelligence discipline. The conclusions confirmed by the final simulation will be useful in LEO reconnaissance constellation design, optimization and evaluation.展开更多
As part of the 2007 Tri-Center Field Mission to Japan, a reconnaissance team comprised of fourteen graduate students and three faculty members from three U.S. earthquake engineering research centers, namely, Multidisc...As part of the 2007 Tri-Center Field Mission to Japan, a reconnaissance team comprised of fourteen graduate students and three faculty members from three U.S. earthquake engineering research centers, namely, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research （MCEER）, Mid-America Earthquake Center （MAE）, and Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center （PEER）, undertook a reconnaissance visit to the affected area shortly after the 2007 Niigata- Chuetsu Oki earthquake. This mission provided an opportunity to review the nature of the earthquake damage that occurred, as well as to assess the significance of the damage from an educational perspective. This paper reports on the seismological characteristics of the earthquake, preliminary findings of geotechnical and structural damage, and the causes of the observed failures or collapses. In addition, economic and socio-economic considerations and experiences to enhance earthquake resilience are presented.展开更多
We use FLIGHT+ aircraft reconnaissance data for tropical cyclones(TCs) in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific from 1997 to 2015 to re-examine TC fullness(TCF) characteristics at the flight level.The results show a ...We use FLIGHT+ aircraft reconnaissance data for tropical cyclones(TCs) in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific from 1997 to 2015 to re-examine TC fullness(TCF) characteristics at the flight level.The results show a strong positive correlation between the flight-level TCF and the intensity of TCs,with the flight-level TCF increasing much more rapidly than the near-surface TCF with increasing intensity of the TCs.The tangential wind in small-TCF hurricanes is statistically significantly stronger near the eye center than that in large-TCF hurricanes.Large-TCF hurricanes have a ring-like vorticity structure.No significant correlation is observed between the flight-level TCF and the comparative extent of the vorticityskirt region occupied in the outer core skirt.The proportion of the rapid filamentation zone in the outer core skirt increases with increasing flight-level TCF.The differences in entropy between the radius of the maximum wind and the outer boundary of the outer core skirt also increase with increasing flight-level TCF.展开更多
The unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle （URAV） plays an important role in battlefield monitoring and information acquiring because of its advantage of zero casualties, and has thus attracted considerable attentio...The unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle （URAV） plays an important role in battlefield monitoring and information acquiring because of its advantage of zero casualties, and has thus attracted considerable attention of the world. The URAV was developed rapidly in our country, however, no scientific assessment methods have yet been provided owing to different fight requirements of armed forces. Considering the demand of the missile artillery on the martial information, the model of information requirement of combat force, the reconnaissance ability of URAV, the survivability of URAV, and the task reliability of URAV were constructed, respectively. By synthesizing the mathematic models above, the model of developing demand was constructed on the URAV equipment. It simulated and calculated some URAV equipment developing scales, and explored a way of settling the problem of URAV equipment developing demand.展开更多
One common scenario during disasters such as earthquakes is that the activity of damage field reconnaissance on site is not well-coordinated. For example in Italy the damage assessment of structures after an earthquak...One common scenario during disasters such as earthquakes is that the activity of damage field reconnaissance on site is not well-coordinated. For example in Italy the damage assessment of structures after an earthquake is managed from the Italian Emergency Authority, using printed forms （AeDES） which are filled by experts on site generating a lot of confusion in filling and transferring the forms to the Disaster Management Operative Center. Because of this, the paper explores the viability of using mobile communication technologies （smart phones） and the Web to develop response systems that would aid communities after a major disaster, providing channels for allowing residents and responders ofuploading and distributing information, related to structural damages coordinating the damage field reconnaissance. A mobile application that can be run by residents on smart phones has been developed, to give an initial damage evaluation of the area, which is going to be very useful when resources （e.g. the number of experts is limited）. The mobile application has been tested for the first time during 2012 Emilia earthquake to enhance the emergency response, showing the efficiency of the proposed method in statistical terms comparing the proposed procedure with the standard procedure.展开更多
Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-comp...Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem.The purpose of this study is to research intelligent multiUAVs reconnaissance mission planning and online re-planning algorithm under various constraints in mission areas.For numerous targets scattered in the wide area,a reconnaissance mission planning and re-planning system is established,which includes five modules,including intelligence analysis,sub-mission area division,mission sequence planning,path smoothing,and online re-planning.The intelligence analysis module depicts the attribute of targets and the heterogeneous characteristic of UAVs and computes the number of sub-mission areas on consideration of voyage distance constraints.In the sub-mission area division module,an improved K-means clustering algorithm is designed to divide the reconnaissance mission area into several sub-mission areas,and each sub-mission is detected by the UAV loaded with various detective sensors.To control reconnaissance cost,the sampling and iteration algorithms are proposed in the mission sequence planning module,which are utilized to solve the optimal or approximately optimal reconnaissance sequence.In the path smoothing module,the Dubins curve is applied to smooth the flight path,which assure the availability of the planned path.Furthermore,an online re-planning algorithm is designed for the uncertain factor that the UAV is damaged.Finally,reconnaissance planning and re-planning experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper are effective and the algorithms designed for sequence planning have a great advantage in solving efficiency and optimality.展开更多
This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone(TC)best track data for the seasons 1949-1987 generated by t...This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone(TC)best track data for the seasons 1949-1987 generated by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).The evaluation of the reconnaissance data shows that the minimum central sea level pressure(MCP)data are relatively homogeneous,whereas the maximum sustained wind(MSW)data show both overestimations and spurious abrupt changes.Statistical comparisons suggest that both the reconnaissance MCP and MSW were well incorporated into the CMA TC best track dataset.Although no spurious abrupt changes were evident in the reconnaissance-related best track MCP data,two spurious changepoints were identified in the remainder of the best-track MCP data.Furthermore,the influence of the reconnaissance MSWs seems to extend to the best track MSWs unrelated to reconnaissance,which might reflect the optimistic confidence in making higher estimates due to the overestimated extreme wind“observations”.In addition,the overestimation of either the reconnaissance MSWs or the best track MSWs was greater during the early decades compared to later decades,which reflects the important influence of reconnaissance data on the CMA TC best track dataset.The wind-pressure relationship(WPR)used in the CMA TC best track dataset is also evaluated and is found to overestimate the MSW,which may lead to inhomogeneity within the dataset between the aircraft reconnaissance era and the satellite era.展开更多
The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and e...The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.展开更多
Recognition of modulation system is an important problem in the modern electronicreconnaissance.A general method for solving this problem is suggested in this paper.From asegment of a captured signal we can determine ...Recognition of modulation system is an important problem in the modern electronicreconnaissance.A general method for solving this problem is suggested in this paper.From asegment of a captured signal we can determine the modulation system and extract its parameterwith this method.The theoretical basis,algorithms and test results of this method are described.It has been proved that the method is very effective in practical situation.展开更多
In order to solve the difficulties of traditional simulation training method on unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle, such as the low environment fidelity, difficulty of modeling and long cycle of development, a sim...In order to solve the difficulties of traditional simulation training method on unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle, such as the low environment fidelity, difficulty of modeling and long cycle of development, a simulation training method based on Google Earth is put forward. The 6-DOF motion system of URAV is established through Matlab/Simulink. The visual simulation environment which is close to real scenes is formed though GE and software of SketchUp, and the visualization of flight data and elevation information of the region are also obtained through the software of GMS Aircraft Instrument and Measurement Studio. Experiments show that the method has satisfactory effects and its functions also can be strengthened, therefore it provides reference to related researchers.展开更多
As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain sign...As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain significant malaria elimination intervention. GIS tool was used for geographical reconnaissance (GR), providing demographic data on respondents’ household and spatial information on the distribution of households in the selected location. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect spatial data in the two locations, while a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect the household data. The analysis of field data indicated that 49,500 unique households were enumerated and thus included in the Indoor Residual Spraying to prevent malaria infection, covering 424 towns in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). 383,301 persons were recorded during the GR exercise in Doma and Nassarawa Eggon LGAs out of which 79,339 were children of agesless than five years, with 13,526 pregnant women. Further data analysis revealed that the average number of persons per household in both LGAs was approximately eight. The spatial information from the GR provides a foundation for an updateable database for any future survey for developmental activities in Nigeria. The use of modern GR approach has proved to be accurate, reliable and more cost effective and less cumbersome than the traditional approach in the collection and geo-positioning of household data. Use of Garmin e-Trex GPS handheld instruments to collect household data in the designated areas removed the constraints of expensive Personal Digital Assistants and reduced errors of wrong location coordinates. Several African countries which did not use GR or applied the use of Geospatial tool appropriately had setbacks. The previous study in other countries showed limitations which was characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating in missed targets. This setback was addressed in our study.展开更多
Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles(FMAVs)are compact and agile,capable of accessing narrow spaces that conventional vehicles struggle to reach,such as ruins,caves,or the interiors of complex structures,making them ideal...Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles(FMAVs)are compact and agile,capable of accessing narrow spaces that conventional vehicles struggle to reach,such as ruins,caves,or the interiors of complex structures,making them ideal tools for reconnaissance and rescue missions.1 However,the operation of FMAVs relies on coordinating multiple forces with different scaling effects,posing challenges to miniaturization design.展开更多
In recent years,Unmarred Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)have been extensively employed for reconnaissance missions.Our focus is prioritizing reconnaissance of high-priority targets while minimizing the flight duration when UAV ...In recent years,Unmarred Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)have been extensively employed for reconnaissance missions.Our focus is prioritizing reconnaissance of high-priority targets while minimizing the flight duration when UAV power is constrained.We introduce a framework,which integrates Deep-Q Network(DQN)into the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search(ALNS)metaheuristic algorithm,called DQN-ALNS,to optimize the process through the current solution’s search state.Specifically,the agent is utilized to select the destroy-repair operators to update a new solution,thereby iteratively optimizing the UAV reconnaissance routes.Experimental results reveal that DQN-ALNS achieves superior solutions and faster convergence than other comparison algorithms.The algorithm leverages the exploratory potential of the current solution and demonstrates robust stability.The final sensitivity analysis showcases that reconnaissance missions with high priority are better accomplished when the UAV power is moderate and the target priority is concentrated at smaller values.展开更多
The navy and other Department of Defense organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. The term USV refers to any vehicle that ope...The navy and other Department of Defense organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. The term USV refers to any vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew. USVs have the potential, and in some cases the demonstrated ability, to reduce risk to manned forces, provide the necessary force multiplication to accomplish military missions, perform tasks which manned vehicles cannot, and do so in a way that is affordable for the navy. A survey of USV activities worldwide as well as the general technical challenges of USVs was presented below. A general description of USVs was provided along with their typical applications. The technical challenges of developing a USV include its intelligence level, control, high stability, and developmental cost reduction. Through the joint efforts of researchers around the world, it is believed that the development of USVs will enter a new phase in the near future, as USVs could soon be applied widely both in military and civilian service.展开更多
To analyze the behavioral model of the command,control,communication,computer,intelligence,surveillance,reconnaissance(C4ISR)architecture,we propose an executable modeling and analyzing approach to it.First,the meta c...To analyze the behavioral model of the command,control,communication,computer,intelligence,surveillance,reconnaissance(C4ISR)architecture,we propose an executable modeling and analyzing approach to it.First,the meta concept model of the C4ISR architecture is introduced.According to the meta concept model,we construct the executable meta models of the C4ISR architecture by extending the meta models of fUML.Then,we define the concrete syntax and executable activity algebra(EAA)semantics for executable models.The semantics functions are introduced to translating the syntax description of executable models into the item of EAA.To support the execution of models,we propose the executable rules which are the structural operational semantics of EAA.Finally,an area air defense of the C4ISR system is used to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.展开更多
Detecting and tracking multiple targets simultaneously for space-based surveillance requires multiple cameras,which leads to a large system volume and weight. To address this problem, we propose a wide-field detection...Detecting and tracking multiple targets simultaneously for space-based surveillance requires multiple cameras,which leads to a large system volume and weight. To address this problem, we propose a wide-field detection and tracking system using the segmented planar imaging detector for electro-optical reconnaissance. This study realizes two operating modes by changing the working paired lenslets and corresponding waveguide arrays： a detection mode and a tracking mode. A model system was simulated and evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio method. The simulation results indicate that the detection and tracking system can realize wide-field detection and narrow-field, multi-target, high-resolution tracking without moving parts.展开更多
文摘Aiming at applications as a projectile-borne video reconnaissance system, the overall design and prototype in principle of a mortar video reconnaissance system bomb were developed. Mortar launched test results show that the initial integrated system was capable of transmitting images through tens of kilometers with the image resolution identifying effectively tactical targets such as roads, hills, caverns, trees and rivers. The projectile-borne video reconnaissance system is able to meet the needs of tactical target identification and battle damage assessment for tactical operations. The study will provide significant technological support for further independent development.
基金the National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory Fund of China(XM2020XT1023).
文摘As one of the most important part of weapon system of systems(WSoS),quantitative evaluation of reconnaissance satellite system(RSS)is indispensable during its construction and application.Aiming at the problem of nonlinear effectiveness evaluation under small sample conditions,we propose an evaluation method based on support vector regression(SVR)to effectively address the defects of traditional methods.Considering the performance of SVR is influenced by the penalty factor,kernel type,and other parameters deeply,the improved grey wolf optimizer(IGWO)is employed for parameter optimization.In the proposed IGWO algorithm,the opposition-based learning strategy is adopted to increase the probability of avoiding the local optima,the mutation operator is used to escape from premature convergence and differential convergence factors are applied to increase the rate of convergence.Numerical experiments of 14 test functions validate the applicability of IGWO algorithm dealing with global optimization.The index system and evaluation method are constructed based on the characteristics of RSS.To validate the proposed IGWO-SVR evaluation method,eight benchmark data sets and combat simulation are employed to estimate the evaluation accuracy,convergence performance and computational complexity.According to the experimental results,the proposed method outperforms several prediction based evaluation methods,verifies the superiority and effectiveness in RSS operational effectiveness evaluation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.62103052.
文摘Drone swarm systems,equipped with photoelectric imaging and intelligent target perception,are essential for reconnaissance and strike missions in complex and high-risk environments.They excel in information sharing,anti-jamming capabilities,and combat performance,making them critical for future warfare.However,varied perspectives in collaborative combat scenarios pose challenges to object detection,hindering traditional detection algorithms and reducing accuracy.Limited angle-prior data and sparse samples further complicate detection.This paper presents the Multi-View Collaborative Detection System,which tackles the challenges of multi-view object detection in collaborative combat scenarios.The system is designed to enhance multi-view image generation and detection algorithms,thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of object detection across varying perspectives.First,an observation model for three-dimensional targets through line-of-sight angle transformation is constructed,and a multi-view image generation algorithm based on the Pix2Pix network is designed.For object detection,YOLOX is utilized,and a deep feature extraction network,BA-RepCSPDarknet,is developed to address challenges related to small target scale and feature extraction challenges.Additionally,a feature fusion network NS-PAFPN is developed to mitigate the issue of deep feature map information loss in UAV images.A visual attention module(BAM)is employed to manage appearance differences under varying angles,while a feature mapping module(DFM)prevents fine-grained feature loss.These advancements lead to the development of BA-YOLOX,a multi-view object detection network model suitable for drone platforms,enhancing accuracy and effectively targeting small objects.
文摘In the design problem of low earth orbit(LEO) reconnaissance satellite constellation, optimization of coverage performance is the design goal in most current methods. However,in the using process, the user only concerns with the detection capabilities rather than coverage performance. To establish the relationship between these two aspects, the reconnaissance processes of normal stochastic targets are considered and the mathematic models of detection processes are built. The indicators of coverage performance are used to evaluate the detection probability and expectation of detection time delay, which are important factors in reconnaissance constellation estimation viewed from military intelligence discipline. The conclusions confirmed by the final simulation will be useful in LEO reconnaissance constellation design, optimization and evaluation.
基金Supported by： U.S. National Science Foundation to the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research Under Grant No. EEC 9701471
文摘As part of the 2007 Tri-Center Field Mission to Japan, a reconnaissance team comprised of fourteen graduate students and three faculty members from three U.S. earthquake engineering research centers, namely, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research （MCEER）, Mid-America Earthquake Center （MAE）, and Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center （PEER）, undertook a reconnaissance visit to the affected area shortly after the 2007 Niigata- Chuetsu Oki earthquake. This mission provided an opportunity to review the nature of the earthquake damage that occurred, as well as to assess the significance of the damage from an educational perspective. This paper reports on the seismological characteristics of the earthquake, preliminary findings of geotechnical and structural damage, and the causes of the observed failures or collapses. In addition, economic and socio-economic considerations and experiences to enhance earthquake resilience are presented.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2017YFC1501601the Key Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant 2017YFE0107700the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 41875054,41730961,41730960,and 41775065。
文摘We use FLIGHT+ aircraft reconnaissance data for tropical cyclones(TCs) in the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific from 1997 to 2015 to re-examine TC fullness(TCF) characteristics at the flight level.The results show a strong positive correlation between the flight-level TCF and the intensity of TCs,with the flight-level TCF increasing much more rapidly than the near-surface TCF with increasing intensity of the TCs.The tangential wind in small-TCF hurricanes is statistically significantly stronger near the eye center than that in large-TCF hurricanes.Large-TCF hurricanes have a ring-like vorticity structure.No significant correlation is observed between the flight-level TCF and the comparative extent of the vorticityskirt region occupied in the outer core skirt.The proportion of the rapid filamentation zone in the outer core skirt increases with increasing flight-level TCF.The differences in entropy between the radius of the maximum wind and the outer boundary of the outer core skirt also increase with increasing flight-level TCF.
文摘The unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle （URAV） plays an important role in battlefield monitoring and information acquiring because of its advantage of zero casualties, and has thus attracted considerable attention of the world. The URAV was developed rapidly in our country, however, no scientific assessment methods have yet been provided owing to different fight requirements of armed forces. Considering the demand of the missile artillery on the martial information, the model of information requirement of combat force, the reconnaissance ability of URAV, the survivability of URAV, and the task reliability of URAV were constructed, respectively. By synthesizing the mathematic models above, the model of developing demand was constructed on the URAV equipment. It simulated and calculated some URAV equipment developing scales, and explored a way of settling the problem of URAV equipment developing demand.
基金funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme-Marie Curie International Reintegration Actions-FP7/2007-2013 under the Grant Agreement No. PIRG06-GA-2009-256316 of the project ICRED-Integrated European Disaster Community Resiliencesponsored by the Israel-Italy Joint Innovation Program for Industrial, Scientific and Technological Cooperation in R&D, EUREKA Label under the Grant agreement No. 3435777CDC of the project ECRIS-European Communities resilient integrated through Smart Phones
文摘One common scenario during disasters such as earthquakes is that the activity of damage field reconnaissance on site is not well-coordinated. For example in Italy the damage assessment of structures after an earthquake is managed from the Italian Emergency Authority, using printed forms （AeDES） which are filled by experts on site generating a lot of confusion in filling and transferring the forms to the Disaster Management Operative Center. Because of this, the paper explores the viability of using mobile communication technologies （smart phones） and the Web to develop response systems that would aid communities after a major disaster, providing channels for allowing residents and responders ofuploading and distributing information, related to structural damages coordinating the damage field reconnaissance. A mobile application that can be run by residents on smart phones has been developed, to give an initial damage evaluation of the area, which is going to be very useful when resources （e.g. the number of experts is limited）. The mobile application has been tested for the first time during 2012 Emilia earthquake to enhance the emergency response, showing the efficiency of the proposed method in statistical terms comparing the proposed procedure with the standard procedure.
文摘Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem.The purpose of this study is to research intelligent multiUAVs reconnaissance mission planning and online re-planning algorithm under various constraints in mission areas.For numerous targets scattered in the wide area,a reconnaissance mission planning and re-planning system is established,which includes five modules,including intelligence analysis,sub-mission area division,mission sequence planning,path smoothing,and online re-planning.The intelligence analysis module depicts the attribute of targets and the heterogeneous characteristic of UAVs and computes the number of sub-mission areas on consideration of voyage distance constraints.In the sub-mission area division module,an improved K-means clustering algorithm is designed to divide the reconnaissance mission area into several sub-mission areas,and each sub-mission is detected by the UAV loaded with various detective sensors.To control reconnaissance cost,the sampling and iteration algorithms are proposed in the mission sequence planning module,which are utilized to solve the optimal or approximately optimal reconnaissance sequence.In the path smoothing module,the Dubins curve is applied to smooth the flight path,which assure the availability of the planned path.Furthermore,an online re-planning algorithm is designed for the uncertain factor that the UAV is damaged.Finally,reconnaissance planning and re-planning experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper are effective and the algorithms designed for sequence planning have a great advantage in solving efficiency and optimality.
文摘This paper investigates the homogeneity of United States aircraft reconnaissance data and the impact of these data on the homogeneity of the tropical cyclone(TC)best track data for the seasons 1949-1987 generated by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA).The evaluation of the reconnaissance data shows that the minimum central sea level pressure(MCP)data are relatively homogeneous,whereas the maximum sustained wind(MSW)data show both overestimations and spurious abrupt changes.Statistical comparisons suggest that both the reconnaissance MCP and MSW were well incorporated into the CMA TC best track dataset.Although no spurious abrupt changes were evident in the reconnaissance-related best track MCP data,two spurious changepoints were identified in the remainder of the best-track MCP data.Furthermore,the influence of the reconnaissance MSWs seems to extend to the best track MSWs unrelated to reconnaissance,which might reflect the optimistic confidence in making higher estimates due to the overestimated extreme wind“observations”.In addition,the overestimation of either the reconnaissance MSWs or the best track MSWs was greater during the early decades compared to later decades,which reflects the important influence of reconnaissance data on the CMA TC best track dataset.The wind-pressure relationship(WPR)used in the CMA TC best track dataset is also evaluated and is found to overestimate the MSW,which may lead to inhomogeneity within the dataset between the aircraft reconnaissance era and the satellite era.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation Research Plan of Shanxi Province (2023JCQN0728)。
文摘The subversive nature of information war lies not only in the information itself, but also in the circulation and application of information. It has always been a challenge to quantitatively analyze the function and effect of information flow through command, control, communications, computer, kill, intelligence,surveillance, reconnaissance (C4KISR) system. In this work, we propose a framework of force of information influence and the methods for calculating the force of information influence between C4KISR nodes of sensing, intelligence processing,decision making and fire attack. Specifically, the basic concept of force of information influence between nodes in C4KISR system is formally proposed and its mathematical definition is provided. Then, based on the information entropy theory, the model of force of information influence between C4KISR system nodes is constructed. Finally, the simulation experiments have been performed under an air defense and attack scenario. The experimental results show that, with the proposed force of information influence framework, we can effectively evaluate the contribution of information circulation through different C4KISR system nodes to the corresponding tasks. Our framework of force of information influence can also serve as an effective tool for the design and dynamic reconfiguration of C4KISR system architecture.
文摘Recognition of modulation system is an important problem in the modern electronicreconnaissance.A general method for solving this problem is suggested in this paper.From asegment of a captured signal we can determine the modulation system and extract its parameterwith this method.The theoretical basis,algorithms and test results of this method are described.It has been proved that the method is very effective in practical situation.
文摘In order to solve the difficulties of traditional simulation training method on unmanned reconnaissance aerial vehicle, such as the low environment fidelity, difficulty of modeling and long cycle of development, a simulation training method based on Google Earth is put forward. The 6-DOF motion system of URAV is established through Matlab/Simulink. The visual simulation environment which is close to real scenes is formed though GE and software of SketchUp, and the visualization of flight data and elevation information of the region are also obtained through the software of GMS Aircraft Instrument and Measurement Studio. Experiments show that the method has satisfactory effects and its functions also can be strengthened, therefore it provides reference to related researchers.
文摘As a part of an effort to roll back malaria in Nigeria, exploring the use of geographically related tools triggered the use of modern approaches of knowing the spatial distribution of target populations to attain significant malaria elimination intervention. GIS tool was used for geographical reconnaissance (GR), providing demographic data on respondents’ household and spatial information on the distribution of households in the selected location. A cross-sectional study design was used to collect spatial data in the two locations, while a quantitative questionnaire was used to collect the household data. The analysis of field data indicated that 49,500 unique households were enumerated and thus included in the Indoor Residual Spraying to prevent malaria infection, covering 424 towns in the two Local Government Areas (LGAs). 383,301 persons were recorded during the GR exercise in Doma and Nassarawa Eggon LGAs out of which 79,339 were children of agesless than five years, with 13,526 pregnant women. Further data analysis revealed that the average number of persons per household in both LGAs was approximately eight. The spatial information from the GR provides a foundation for an updateable database for any future survey for developmental activities in Nigeria. The use of modern GR approach has proved to be accurate, reliable and more cost effective and less cumbersome than the traditional approach in the collection and geo-positioning of household data. Use of Garmin e-Trex GPS handheld instruments to collect household data in the designated areas removed the constraints of expensive Personal Digital Assistants and reduced errors of wrong location coordinates. Several African countries which did not use GR or applied the use of Geospatial tool appropriately had setbacks. The previous study in other countries showed limitations which was characterized by substantial inherent logistical and technical challenges culminating in missed targets. This setback was addressed in our study.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty,China(No.ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-D1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272384).
文摘Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles(FMAVs)are compact and agile,capable of accessing narrow spaces that conventional vehicles struggle to reach,such as ruins,caves,or the interiors of complex structures,making them ideal tools for reconnaissance and rescue missions.1 However,the operation of FMAVs relies on coordinating multiple forces with different scaling effects,posing challenges to miniaturization design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.72271241 and 72301290)the Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Decision-Making Technology for Emergency Management(No.2020TP1013).
文摘In recent years,Unmarred Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)have been extensively employed for reconnaissance missions.Our focus is prioritizing reconnaissance of high-priority targets while minimizing the flight duration when UAV power is constrained.We introduce a framework,which integrates Deep-Q Network(DQN)into the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search(ALNS)metaheuristic algorithm,called DQN-ALNS,to optimize the process through the current solution’s search state.Specifically,the agent is utilized to select the destroy-repair operators to update a new solution,thereby iteratively optimizing the UAV reconnaissance routes.Experimental results reveal that DQN-ALNS achieves superior solutions and faster convergence than other comparison algorithms.The algorithm leverages the exploratory potential of the current solution and demonstrates robust stability.The final sensitivity analysis showcases that reconnaissance missions with high priority are better accomplished when the UAV power is moderate and the target priority is concentrated at smaller values.
基金Research Fund from Science and Technology on Underwater Vehicle Laboratory
文摘The navy and other Department of Defense organizations are increasingly interested in the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) for a variety of missions and applications. The term USV refers to any vehicle that operates on the surface of the water without a crew. USVs have the potential, and in some cases the demonstrated ability, to reduce risk to manned forces, provide the necessary force multiplication to accomplish military missions, perform tasks which manned vehicles cannot, and do so in a way that is affordable for the navy. A survey of USV activities worldwide as well as the general technical challenges of USVs was presented below. A general description of USVs was provided along with their typical applications. The technical challenges of developing a USV include its intelligence level, control, high stability, and developmental cost reduction. Through the joint efforts of researchers around the world, it is believed that the development of USVs will enter a new phase in the near future, as USVs could soon be applied widely both in military and civilian service.
文摘To analyze the behavioral model of the command,control,communication,computer,intelligence,surveillance,reconnaissance(C4ISR)architecture,we propose an executable modeling and analyzing approach to it.First,the meta concept model of the C4ISR architecture is introduced.According to the meta concept model,we construct the executable meta models of the C4ISR architecture by extending the meta models of fUML.Then,we define the concrete syntax and executable activity algebra(EAA)semantics for executable models.The semantics functions are introduced to translating the syntax description of executable models into the item of EAA.To support the execution of models,we propose the executable rules which are the structural operational semantics of EAA.Finally,an area air defense of the C4ISR system is used to illustrate the feasibility of the approach.
基金supported by the Foundation of Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.20150192)
文摘Detecting and tracking multiple targets simultaneously for space-based surveillance requires multiple cameras,which leads to a large system volume and weight. To address this problem, we propose a wide-field detection and tracking system using the segmented planar imaging detector for electro-optical reconnaissance. This study realizes two operating modes by changing the working paired lenslets and corresponding waveguide arrays： a detection mode and a tracking mode. A model system was simulated and evaluated using the peak signal-to-noise ratio method. The simulation results indicate that the detection and tracking system can realize wide-field detection and narrow-field, multi-target, high-resolution tracking without moving parts.
