Receptor-like kinases （RLKs） play crucial roles in cellular signal perception and propagation. To study the evolutionary relationships among RLKs in soybean, a large-scale expressed sequence tags （ESTs） survey for...Receptor-like kinases （RLKs） play crucial roles in cellular signal perception and propagation. To study the evolutionary relationships among RLKs in soybean, a large-scale expressed sequence tags （ESTs） survey for RLKs-related sequences was conducted. By doing BLAST analysis using our database and The Gene Index Database, 605 putative RLK genes were identified. Based on the phylogeny of the kinase domain, these soybean RLKs were classified into 58 different small subfamilies. The phylogenetic analysis of RLKs in soybean, rice and Arabidopsis showed that different subfamilies of RLKs had different functions and could have experienced different selective pressures.展开更多
Different from animals, sessile plants are equipped with a large receptor-like kinase(RLK) superfamily. RLKs are a family of single trans-membrane proteins with divergent N-terminal extracellular domains capped by a s...Different from animals, sessile plants are equipped with a large receptor-like kinase(RLK) superfamily. RLKs are a family of single trans-membrane proteins with divergent N-terminal extracellular domains capped by a signal peptide and C-terminal intracellular kinase. Researches in the last two decades have uncovered an increasing number of RLKs that regulate plant development, stress response and sexual reproduction, highlighting a dominant role of RLK signaling in cell-to-cell communications. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is featured by interactions between the male gametophyte and the female tissues to facilitate sperm delivery and fertilization. Emerging evidences suggest that RLKs regulate almost every aspect of plant reproductive process, especially during pollination. Therefore, in this review we will focus mainly on the function and signaling of RLKs in plant male-female interaction and discuss the future prospects on these topics.展开更多
类受体激酶(receptor like kinase,RLK)参与调控植物几乎所有的生命活动,是植物生长发育和环境适应的“中央处理器”。该文对近年来国内外有关蔷薇科果树RLK基因鉴定、进化特征及其在各器官生长发育、非生物和生物逆境中的作用及调控机...类受体激酶(receptor like kinase,RLK)参与调控植物几乎所有的生命活动,是植物生长发育和环境适应的“中央处理器”。该文对近年来国内外有关蔷薇科果树RLK基因鉴定、进化特征及其在各器官生长发育、非生物和生物逆境中的作用及调控机制等方面的研究进展进行了综述。蔷薇科果树基因组中存在数目庞大的RLKs,不同树种间的RLK数目和各亚家族成员数目都存在较大差异,而且蔷薇科果树RLK存在极为普遍的部分重复和串联重复现象,是导致家族成员迅速变化的重要原因。有研究发现,一些RLKs调控蔷薇科果树器官发育和对环境的适应性。在器官发育方面,LRR-RLK亚家族成员调控根系发育,CrRLK1L、LysM-RLK和LRR-RLK亚家族部分成员参与调控果实发育,CrRLK1L亚家族成员参与调控花粉管发育,LRR-RLK、LysM-RLK、L-LEC-RLK和B-Lectin-RLK亚家族部分成员调控蔷薇科果树对生物逆境的适应。今后RLK功能研究可侧重于蔷薇科果树特色性状,通过提高目标基因的筛选和验证的效率,加速主效RLKs的筛选进程,并通过筛选主效RLKs诱导方式和加速分子育种进程等途径,将研究成果应用于实际生产。展开更多
Plant receptor-like kinases(RLKs)have been shown to be critical components in plant cellular processes.To provide a valid basis to evaluate the evolutionary relationships among RLKs from Arabidopsis and rice,a genome-...Plant receptor-like kinases(RLKs)have been shown to be critical components in plant cellular processes.To provide a valid basis to evaluate the evolutionary relationships among RLKs from Arabidopsis and rice,a genome-wide search for RLKs-related sequences was conducted.By doing BLASTP through the database of rice(Oryza sativa L.subsp.indica)genome at Beijing Genomics Institute(BGI),we identified 267 putative RLK genes.All RLKs were classified into different structural groups based on their extracellular structures.The phylogenetic analysis of RLKs in rice and Arabidopsis showed that the different groups of RLKs had different characteristics of sequence conservation and of evolutionary relationship.The multi-sequences alignment of rice RLKs and Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1(BRI1)suggested that the putative autophosphorylation sites of rice RLKs were dissimilar to those in BRl1.展开更多
The multifunctional secondary metabolites known as cyclic lipopeptides(CLPs),which are produced by a large variety of bacteria,have become a key category of plant immunity elicitors.Pseudomonas-CLPs(PsCLPs)are extreme...The multifunctional secondary metabolites known as cyclic lipopeptides(CLPs),which are produced by a large variety of bacteria,have become a key category of plant immunity elicitors.Pseudomonas-CLPs(PsCLPs)are extremely diverse in structure and biological activity.However,an understanding of CLP-plant structure–function interactions currently remains elusive.Here,we identify medpeptin,a novel CLP from Pseudomonas mediterranea that consists of 22 amino acids.Medpeptin is synthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase(NRPS)gene cluster and regulated by a quorum-sensing system.Further research indicates that medpeptin does not exhibit antimicrobial activity;instead,it induces plant cell death immunity and confers resistance to bacterial infection.Comparative transcriptome analysis and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)reveal a set of immune signaling candidates involved in medpeptin perception.Silencing of a cell-wall leucine-rich repeat extensin protein(NbLRX3)or a receptor-like protein kinase(NbRLK25)—but not BAK1 or SGT1—compromises medpeptin-triggered cell death and resistance to pathogen infection in Nicotiana benthamiana.Our findings point to a noncanonical mechanism of CLP sensing and suggest perspectives for the development of plant disease resistance.展开更多
Receptor-like kinases(RLKs) are essential for plant abiotic stress responses. Methylglyoxal(MG) is a cellular metabolite that is often considered to be a stress signal molecule. However, limited information is availab...Receptor-like kinases(RLKs) are essential for plant abiotic stress responses. Methylglyoxal(MG) is a cellular metabolite that is often considered to be a stress signal molecule. However, limited information is available about the relationship between RLKs and MG. Here, we addressed the function of a receptor-like kinase, Os ASLRK, in the MG response and content in rice. A typical MG-responsive element(AAAAAAAA) exists in the promoter region of the OsASLRK gene. RTqPCR analysis indicated that the transcript level of OsASLRK was significantly increased by exogenous MG in a time-and dosage-dependent fashion. GUS staining also confirmed that the expression of Os ASLRK in rice root was enhanced by exogenous MG treatment. Genetic analysis suggested that the Osaslrk mutant displays increased sensitivity to MG and it showed higher endogenous MG content under exogenous MG treatments, while OsASLRK-overexpressing rice plants showed the opposite phenotypes. Diaminobenzidine(DAB) staining, scavenging enzyme activities and GSH content assays indicate that OsASLRK regulates MG sensitivity and content via the elevation of antioxidative enzyme activities and alleviation of membrane damage. Therefore, our results provide new evidence illustrating the roles that receptor-like kinase Os ASLRK plays in MG regulation in rice.展开更多
As a barrier between the cell and its environment,the plant cell wall provides structural support during development and stress response.Plants are able to sense their surroundings and adjust their activities accordin...As a barrier between the cell and its environment,the plant cell wall provides structural support during development and stress response.Plants are able to sense their surroundings and adjust their activities accordingly.A crucial mechanism involved in these adaptive changes is the cell wall integrity(CWI)maintenance mechanism,which monitors and maintains the integrity of cell walls via changes in cell and cell wall metabolism without destroying cell wall organization.Different abiotic stresses and changes in plant developmental phases disrupt CWI.However,emerging evidence has demonstrated the initiation of CWI signaling mechanisms as key in promoting plant growth in complex situations.This review discusses recent advances in the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like(CrRLK1L)protein function in plant cell wall signaling during adaptation to changing environments and development.We conclude by highlighting how current spatially resolved transcriptomics may be used to advance the role of CrRLK1L members in plant cell wall signaling during development and stress response.展开更多
Despite their structural diversity,LysM-containing RLKs are largely conserved across plant lineages in their role in perceiving chitin-based elicitors from both pathogenic and symbiotic fungi and bacteria.However,thei...Despite their structural diversity,LysM-containing RLKs are largely conserved across plant lineages in their role in perceiving chitin-based elicitors from both pathogenic and symbiotic fungi and bacteria.However,their number,structural similarity,and functional redundancy have complicated the study of chitin-based signaling in angiosperms,building a blurred scenario on a foundation of solid but not always straightforward results.展开更多
Immune-related receptor-like kinases(RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs) enable plant cells to rapidly transduce and amplify immune signals at an early stage of pathogen attack,which is essential for pl...Immune-related receptor-like kinases(RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs) enable plant cells to rapidly transduce and amplify immune signals at an early stage of pathogen attack,which is essential for plant survival,and these immune kinases must be tightly controlled to prevent aberrant activation.The U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase SPL11(Os PUB11) has been shown to trigger the ubiquitination and degradation of the S-locus RLK SDS2 to attenuate immunity in rice.展开更多
Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding c...Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding climate-resilient crops. In this review,we summarize recent progress on understanding plant drought, salt, and cold stress responses, with a focus on signal perception and transduction by different protein kinases, especially sucrose nonfermenting1(SNF1)-related protein kinases(Sn RKs),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) cascades,calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs/CPKs),and receptor-like kinases(RLKs). We also discuss future challenges in these research fields.展开更多
Plants have evolved multiple layers of defense against various pathogens in the environment. Receptor-like kinases/proteins （RLKs/RLPs） are on the front lines of the battle between plants and pathogens since they ar...Plants have evolved multiple layers of defense against various pathogens in the environment. Receptor-like kinases/proteins （RLKs/RLPs） are on the front lines of the battle between plants and pathogens since they are present at the plasma membrane and perceive signature molecules from either the invading pathogen or damaged plant tissue. With a few notable exceptions, most RLKs/RLPs are positive regulators of plant innate immunity. In this review, we summarize recently discovered RLKs/RLPs that are involved in plant defense responses against various classes of pathogens, We also describe what is currently known about the mechanisms of RLK-mediated initiation of signaling via protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2004CB117200)the National High-Tech Project (No. 2006AA10Z18201)
文摘Receptor-like kinases （RLKs） play crucial roles in cellular signal perception and propagation. To study the evolutionary relationships among RLKs in soybean, a large-scale expressed sequence tags （ESTs） survey for RLKs-related sequences was conducted. By doing BLAST analysis using our database and The Gene Index Database, 605 putative RLK genes were identified. Based on the phylogeny of the kinase domain, these soybean RLKs were classified into 58 different small subfamilies. The phylogenetic analysis of RLKs in soybean, rice and Arabidopsis showed that different subfamilies of RLKs had different functions and could have experienced different selective pressures.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2013CB945103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330053)
文摘Different from animals, sessile plants are equipped with a large receptor-like kinase(RLK) superfamily. RLKs are a family of single trans-membrane proteins with divergent N-terminal extracellular domains capped by a signal peptide and C-terminal intracellular kinase. Researches in the last two decades have uncovered an increasing number of RLKs that regulate plant development, stress response and sexual reproduction, highlighting a dominant role of RLK signaling in cell-to-cell communications. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is featured by interactions between the male gametophyte and the female tissues to facilitate sperm delivery and fertilization. Emerging evidences suggest that RLKs regulate almost every aspect of plant reproductive process, especially during pollination. Therefore, in this review we will focus mainly on the function and signaling of RLKs in plant male-female interaction and discuss the future prospects on these topics.
文摘类受体激酶(receptor like kinase,RLK)参与调控植物几乎所有的生命活动,是植物生长发育和环境适应的“中央处理器”。该文对近年来国内外有关蔷薇科果树RLK基因鉴定、进化特征及其在各器官生长发育、非生物和生物逆境中的作用及调控机制等方面的研究进展进行了综述。蔷薇科果树基因组中存在数目庞大的RLKs,不同树种间的RLK数目和各亚家族成员数目都存在较大差异,而且蔷薇科果树RLK存在极为普遍的部分重复和串联重复现象,是导致家族成员迅速变化的重要原因。有研究发现,一些RLKs调控蔷薇科果树器官发育和对环境的适应性。在器官发育方面,LRR-RLK亚家族成员调控根系发育,CrRLK1L、LysM-RLK和LRR-RLK亚家族部分成员参与调控果实发育,CrRLK1L亚家族成员参与调控花粉管发育,LRR-RLK、LysM-RLK、L-LEC-RLK和B-Lectin-RLK亚家族部分成员调控蔷薇科果树对生物逆境的适应。今后RLK功能研究可侧重于蔷薇科果树特色性状,通过提高目标基因的筛选和验证的效率,加速主效RLKs的筛选进程,并通过筛选主效RLKs诱导方式和加速分子育种进程等途径,将研究成果应用于实际生产。
文摘Plant receptor-like kinases(RLKs)have been shown to be critical components in plant cellular processes.To provide a valid basis to evaluate the evolutionary relationships among RLKs from Arabidopsis and rice,a genome-wide search for RLKs-related sequences was conducted.By doing BLASTP through the database of rice(Oryza sativa L.subsp.indica)genome at Beijing Genomics Institute(BGI),we identified 267 putative RLK genes.All RLKs were classified into different structural groups based on their extracellular structures.The phylogenetic analysis of RLKs in rice and Arabidopsis showed that the different groups of RLKs had different characteristics of sequence conservation and of evolutionary relationship.The multi-sequences alignment of rice RLKs and Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1(BRI1)suggested that the putative autophosphorylation sites of rice RLKs were dissimilar to those in BRl1.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1901300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901932)+2 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202308 and Y2022PT12)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04-2022)the Science and Technology Programs of the Zunyi Tobacco(2021XM03)。
文摘The multifunctional secondary metabolites known as cyclic lipopeptides(CLPs),which are produced by a large variety of bacteria,have become a key category of plant immunity elicitors.Pseudomonas-CLPs(PsCLPs)are extremely diverse in structure and biological activity.However,an understanding of CLP-plant structure–function interactions currently remains elusive.Here,we identify medpeptin,a novel CLP from Pseudomonas mediterranea that consists of 22 amino acids.Medpeptin is synthesized by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase(NRPS)gene cluster and regulated by a quorum-sensing system.Further research indicates that medpeptin does not exhibit antimicrobial activity;instead,it induces plant cell death immunity and confers resistance to bacterial infection.Comparative transcriptome analysis and virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)reveal a set of immune signaling candidates involved in medpeptin perception.Silencing of a cell-wall leucine-rich repeat extensin protein(NbLRX3)or a receptor-like protein kinase(NbRLK25)—but not BAK1 or SGT1—compromises medpeptin-triggered cell death and resistance to pathogen infection in Nicotiana benthamiana.Our findings point to a noncanonical mechanism of CLP sensing and suggest perspectives for the development of plant disease resistance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1704106, 3190142)the Doctoral Scientific Research Fund of Henan Agricultural University, China (30500561)the Open Innovation Project of Undergraduate Laboratory of Henan Agricultural University, China (KF1902)。
文摘Receptor-like kinases(RLKs) are essential for plant abiotic stress responses. Methylglyoxal(MG) is a cellular metabolite that is often considered to be a stress signal molecule. However, limited information is available about the relationship between RLKs and MG. Here, we addressed the function of a receptor-like kinase, Os ASLRK, in the MG response and content in rice. A typical MG-responsive element(AAAAAAAA) exists in the promoter region of the OsASLRK gene. RTqPCR analysis indicated that the transcript level of OsASLRK was significantly increased by exogenous MG in a time-and dosage-dependent fashion. GUS staining also confirmed that the expression of Os ASLRK in rice root was enhanced by exogenous MG treatment. Genetic analysis suggested that the Osaslrk mutant displays increased sensitivity to MG and it showed higher endogenous MG content under exogenous MG treatments, while OsASLRK-overexpressing rice plants showed the opposite phenotypes. Diaminobenzidine(DAB) staining, scavenging enzyme activities and GSH content assays indicate that OsASLRK regulates MG sensitivity and content via the elevation of antioxidative enzyme activities and alleviation of membrane damage. Therefore, our results provide new evidence illustrating the roles that receptor-like kinase Os ASLRK plays in MG regulation in rice.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFF1001100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32341033)the Key Research and Development Plan of Heilongjiang Province(GZ2024ZX02B13).
文摘As a barrier between the cell and its environment,the plant cell wall provides structural support during development and stress response.Plants are able to sense their surroundings and adjust their activities accordingly.A crucial mechanism involved in these adaptive changes is the cell wall integrity(CWI)maintenance mechanism,which monitors and maintains the integrity of cell walls via changes in cell and cell wall metabolism without destroying cell wall organization.Different abiotic stresses and changes in plant developmental phases disrupt CWI.However,emerging evidence has demonstrated the initiation of CWI signaling mechanisms as key in promoting plant growth in complex situations.This review discusses recent advances in the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like(CrRLK1L)protein function in plant cell wall signaling during adaptation to changing environments and development.We conclude by highlighting how current spatially resolved transcriptomics may be used to advance the role of CrRLK1L members in plant cell wall signaling during development and stress response.
基金supported by the Ministry of the University and Research(MUR),Italy(PRIN 2022NW97JX and PRIN PNRR P2022WL8TS).
文摘Despite their structural diversity,LysM-containing RLKs are largely conserved across plant lineages in their role in perceiving chitin-based elicitors from both pathogenic and symbiotic fungi and bacteria.However,their number,structural similarity,and functional redundancy have complicated the study of chitin-based signaling in angiosperms,building a blurred scenario on a foundation of solid but not always straightforward results.
基金supported by the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-CSCB202301) to Y.N.the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20388) to R.W.
文摘Immune-related receptor-like kinases(RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs) enable plant cells to rapidly transduce and amplify immune signals at an early stage of pathogen attack,which is essential for plant survival,and these immune kinases must be tightly controlled to prevent aberrant activation.The U-box type E3 ubiquitin ligase SPL11(Os PUB11) has been shown to trigger the ubiquitination and degradation of the S-locus RLK SDS2 to attenuate immunity in rice.
基金supported by grants from the Natural National Science Foundation of China (31730007 and 31921001)the Beijing Outstanding University Discipline Program。
文摘Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding climate-resilient crops. In this review,we summarize recent progress on understanding plant drought, salt, and cold stress responses, with a focus on signal perception and transduction by different protein kinases, especially sucrose nonfermenting1(SNF1)-related protein kinases(Sn RKs),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) cascades,calcium-dependent protein kinases(CDPKs/CPKs),and receptor-like kinases(RLKs). We also discuss future challenges in these research fields.
文摘Plants have evolved multiple layers of defense against various pathogens in the environment. Receptor-like kinases/proteins （RLKs/RLPs） are on the front lines of the battle between plants and pathogens since they are present at the plasma membrane and perceive signature molecules from either the invading pathogen or damaged plant tissue. With a few notable exceptions, most RLKs/RLPs are positive regulators of plant innate immunity. In this review, we summarize recently discovered RLKs/RLPs that are involved in plant defense responses against various classes of pathogens, We also describe what is currently known about the mechanisms of RLK-mediated initiation of signaling via protein-protein interactions and phosphorylation.
