This study investigated a peculiar phenomenon of self-reorientation of thermally formed R phase in nanocrystalline Ti_(50)Ni_(45.5)Fe_(4.5)by means of in-situ syn-chrotron high energy X-ray diffraction(HE-XRD).Two sam...This study investigated a peculiar phenomenon of self-reorientation of thermally formed R phase in nanocrystalline Ti_(50)Ni_(45.5)Fe_(4.5)by means of in-situ syn-chrotron high energy X-ray diffraction(HE-XRD).Two samples with different average grain sizes of 40 and 90 nm were investigated.R phase in the 40-nm grain size sample was found to self-reorient gradually upon cooling,whereas the same phenomenon did not occur in the 90-nm grain size sample.This self-reorientation process is attributed to the development and evolution of an internal stress anisotropy caused by the second order continuous lattice distortion of R phase upon further cooling in the small nanograined matrix,which lacks the self-accommodation mechanism for internal stress cancellation.展开更多
The phenomenon of hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice of powder rare-earth metals trihydrooxides R(OH)3 (R is La, Pr, Nd) was found. The hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice is partial or full...The phenomenon of hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice of powder rare-earth metals trihydrooxides R(OH)3 (R is La, Pr, Nd) was found. The hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice is partial or full removal of hydrogen out of the crystal lattice of powder hydrogen-containing crystal without change of symmetry of such crystal at continuous evacuation of high vacuum at evacuation temperature of Тev. which is lower than recrystallization Тrecrys. or disintegration (Tdisinteg.) temperature of this crystal: Тev. Тrecrys. Tdisineg.. By neutron diffraction it is found that low- temperature (Тevacuation = 400 - 420 K ) removal of hydrogen (by hydrogen thermoemission) out of a crystal lattice of trihydrooxide R(OH)3 under continuous high vacuum evacuating makes possible to obtain metastable “trioxide” R[O]3. Existence of such substance contradicts to the valence law (oxygen is bivalent and Pr is trivalent in hydroxides). Such “trioxide” has a superfluous negative charge: R3+O6-. So they aspire to “capture” three more protons (hydrogen ions) from a water molecules. Obviously, this substance can be stable at low temperatures and in the mediums, which are not containing hydrogen. In the air at room temperature this substance, most likely, interacting with water molecules, gradually again turns into trihydroxide R(OH)3, compensating the superfluous negative charge by three hydrogen atoms. From this it follows that substance R[O3] can simultaneously be an absorber of hydrogen and generator of oxygen at atmospheric conditions and in any mediums which contains water molecules, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure. Thus, the obtained material, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure, can simultaneously be oxygen generator and hydrogen accumulator in any mediums characteristic of R[O3] to transform into stable form R(OH)3 by selective bonding of hydrogen from the hydrogen-containing environment allowing implication of Pr[O3] as the hydrogen selective absorber. Separation (by low-temperature removal) of hydrogen out of R(OH)3 lattice can again lead to restoration of its capabilities to be a simultaneous hydrogen accumulator and oxygen generator in a medium containing water molecules.展开更多
遮挡效应是多天线复杂系统设计一个重要考虑因素。国家重大科技基础设施项目子午工程二期建设完成后,明安图台站各类天线总数将达到373套。受限于测试场地、模型复杂度和计算量,特别是对电大尺寸障碍物的遮挡效应通常很难实测和预测。...遮挡效应是多天线复杂系统设计一个重要考虑因素。国家重大科技基础设施项目子午工程二期建设完成后,明安图台站各类天线总数将达到373套。受限于测试场地、模型复杂度和计算量,特别是对电大尺寸障碍物的遮挡效应通常很难实测和预测。明安图台站太阳射电望远镜(Mingantu Solar Radio Telescope,MST)在2017~2020年S,C和X频段的观测数据显示了以20 m天线和远方丘陵为障碍物的遮挡效应,并可以分为天线、大气和丘陵3个不同特性区域。基于ITU-R P.526-15建议书单刃峰绕射损耗预测方法,进行20 m天线反射面仿真建模和近似计算。观测和仿真结果显示,绕射损耗随频率变化趋势基本一致,遮挡效应与波长、障碍物特性及其相对源和接收天线的距离和角度、接收设备的天线波束和动态范围等有关。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51731010, 51831006,51871241,51971243 and 91963112)Australian Research Council (No.DP190102990)
文摘This study investigated a peculiar phenomenon of self-reorientation of thermally formed R phase in nanocrystalline Ti_(50)Ni_(45.5)Fe_(4.5)by means of in-situ syn-chrotron high energy X-ray diffraction(HE-XRD).Two samples with different average grain sizes of 40 and 90 nm were investigated.R phase in the 40-nm grain size sample was found to self-reorient gradually upon cooling,whereas the same phenomenon did not occur in the 90-nm grain size sample.This self-reorientation process is attributed to the development and evolution of an internal stress anisotropy caused by the second order continuous lattice distortion of R phase upon further cooling in the small nanograined matrix,which lacks the self-accommodation mechanism for internal stress cancellation.
文摘The phenomenon of hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice of powder rare-earth metals trihydrooxides R(OH)3 (R is La, Pr, Nd) was found. The hydrogen thermoemission out of a crystal lattice is partial or full removal of hydrogen out of the crystal lattice of powder hydrogen-containing crystal without change of symmetry of such crystal at continuous evacuation of high vacuum at evacuation temperature of Тev. which is lower than recrystallization Тrecrys. or disintegration (Tdisinteg.) temperature of this crystal: Тev. Тrecrys. Tdisineg.. By neutron diffraction it is found that low- temperature (Тevacuation = 400 - 420 K ) removal of hydrogen (by hydrogen thermoemission) out of a crystal lattice of trihydrooxide R(OH)3 under continuous high vacuum evacuating makes possible to obtain metastable “trioxide” R[O]3. Existence of such substance contradicts to the valence law (oxygen is bivalent and Pr is trivalent in hydroxides). Such “trioxide” has a superfluous negative charge: R3+O6-. So they aspire to “capture” three more protons (hydrogen ions) from a water molecules. Obviously, this substance can be stable at low temperatures and in the mediums, which are not containing hydrogen. In the air at room temperature this substance, most likely, interacting with water molecules, gradually again turns into trihydroxide R(OH)3, compensating the superfluous negative charge by three hydrogen atoms. From this it follows that substance R[O3] can simultaneously be an absorber of hydrogen and generator of oxygen at atmospheric conditions and in any mediums which contains water molecules, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure. Thus, the obtained material, without any prior processing like heating or high pressure, can simultaneously be oxygen generator and hydrogen accumulator in any mediums characteristic of R[O3] to transform into stable form R(OH)3 by selective bonding of hydrogen from the hydrogen-containing environment allowing implication of Pr[O3] as the hydrogen selective absorber. Separation (by low-temperature removal) of hydrogen out of R(OH)3 lattice can again lead to restoration of its capabilities to be a simultaneous hydrogen accumulator and oxygen generator in a medium containing water molecules.
文摘遮挡效应是多天线复杂系统设计一个重要考虑因素。国家重大科技基础设施项目子午工程二期建设完成后,明安图台站各类天线总数将达到373套。受限于测试场地、模型复杂度和计算量,特别是对电大尺寸障碍物的遮挡效应通常很难实测和预测。明安图台站太阳射电望远镜(Mingantu Solar Radio Telescope,MST)在2017~2020年S,C和X频段的观测数据显示了以20 m天线和远方丘陵为障碍物的遮挡效应,并可以分为天线、大气和丘陵3个不同特性区域。基于ITU-R P.526-15建议书单刃峰绕射损耗预测方法,进行20 m天线反射面仿真建模和近似计算。观测和仿真结果显示,绕射损耗随频率变化趋势基本一致,遮挡效应与波长、障碍物特性及其相对源和接收天线的距离和角度、接收设备的天线波束和动态范围等有关。
