BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum dep...BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.展开更多
Algorithms are the primary component of Artificial Intelligence(AI).The algorithm is the process in AI that imitates the human mind to solve problems.Currently evaluating the performance of AI is achieved by evaluatin...Algorithms are the primary component of Artificial Intelligence(AI).The algorithm is the process in AI that imitates the human mind to solve problems.Currently evaluating the performance of AI is achieved by evaluating AI algorithms by metric scores on data sets.However the evaluation of algorithms in AI is challenging because the evaluation of the same type of algorithm has many data sets and evaluation metrics.Different algorithms may have individual strengths and weaknesses in evaluation metric scores on separate data sets,lacking the credibility and validity of the evaluation.Moreover,evaluation of algorithms requires repeated experiments on different data sets,reducing the attention of researchers to the research of the algorithms itself.Crucially,this approach to evaluating comparative metric scores does not take into account the algorithm’s ability to solve problems.And the classical algorithm evaluation of time and space complexity is not suitable for evaluating AI algorithms.Because classical algorithms input is infinite numbers,whereas AI algorithms input is a data set,which is limited and multifarious.According to the AI algorithm evaluation without response to the problem solving capability,this paper summarizes the features of AI algorithm evaluation and proposes an AI evaluation method that incorporates the problem-solving capabilities of algorithms.展开更多
Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavio...Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.展开更多
Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the ...Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.展开更多
A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translat...A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.展开更多
Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was c...Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.展开更多
This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,U...This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,UK has been investigating,over the last seven years the teaching of problem solving.Including looking at whether a more visual approach has any benefits(the visual programming includes both 2-d and graphical user interfaces).Whilst the authors have discussed the subject problem solving and programming in the past [1] this paper considers the students perspective from research collected/collated by a student researcher under a new initiative within the University.All students interviewed either had completed the module within the two years of the survey or were completing the problem-solving module in their first year.展开更多
Environmental issues are complex and malicious problems involving many characteristics, variables, increasing their level of uncertainty. How should victims of these problems be accompanied when trying to solve such c...Environmental issues are complex and malicious problems involving many characteristics, variables, increasing their level of uncertainty. How should victims of these problems be accompanied when trying to solve such complex environmental disasters？ A broad understanding of these problems and a feeling of self-efficacy must be present in problem solvers in order for them to persevere up to the formulation of effective solutions. Two new trends in problem solving inspired the development of an approach to accompany citizens dealing with environmental problems： design thinking and the use of ICT in problem solving. Design thinking, a creative solving approach created by IDEO, is a collaborative way to work during which intuition, abductive thinking, quick prototyping and the consumers＇ needs are put first. As for ICT, they can now be used to store, share, develop and criticize information and solutions （Facebook, Padlet... ）. Design thinking and Facebook were drawn on to accompany 10 poorly educated Moroccan women in solving a problem arising from flooding of the Ourika river. The women were taught to use electronic tablets and Facebook. During workshops and through Facebook, women were invited to share their experiences with floods and to find solutions to the poor quality of their drinking water, after floods. Design thinking allowed participants to explore many dimensions of the chosen problem and to prototype a certain number of solutions to purify their water. Facebook was profitable to better define the problem and as a communication and brainstorming tool （before and during the water filtration prototype trials）. Design thinking and Facebook turned out to be effective tools to pose the water problem more widely, to find solutions adapted to the participants＇ living conditions and to improve their self-efficacy in problem solving as well as their collaboration.展开更多
As more and more benefits of forgetting have been found in recent studies,whether forgetting could promote individuals ability of creative problem solving remains a controversial debate.This article discusses the eff...As more and more benefits of forgetting have been found in recent studies,whether forgetting could promote individuals ability of creative problem solving remains a controversial debate.This article discusses the effect of two types of forgetting,the retrieval-induced forgetting(RIF)and the forgetting during incubation,in benefiting creative problem solving by introducing and analysing the relevant experiments.The results reveal that retrieval-induced forgetting only works when previous mental fixations occurred and the promotion varies when solving different types of problems.The level of RIF is irrelevant to the performance in solving closed-ended creative problems and high level of RIF even impairs the creativity when solving open-ended problems.And forgetting during incubation cannot explain the incubation effect.The spreading activation of relevant information or the unconscious work is more likely to be the possible reasons.In conclusion,the current article brings about the discussions about the work conditions and effects of forgetting in creative problem solving.展开更多
Research suggests that physical fitness is positively associated with cognitive functioning in older adults, and that executive functions may be associated in particular. This study explored whether personality supple...Research suggests that physical fitness is positively associated with cognitive functioning in older adults, and that executive functions may be associated in particular. This study explored whether personality supplemented the relationship between physical activity and problem-solving. A computerized version of the Tower of London provided number of errors and time to completion as dependent variables using a sample of 65 community-dwelling older people. The NEO-FFI assessed the Big 5 dimensions of personality. Choice reaction time was used to control for changes in speed of processing with increased age. Age remained a significant predictor of both dependent variables, with neuroticism and agreeableness also showing predictive ability. Aerobic fitness was not associated with either outcome measure, suggesting that there might be differential effects of exercise on measures of different executive functions. Personality factors appear to have a stronger association with the cognitive function that has been reported previously.展开更多
On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, u... On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, urban construction projects are expected to achieve energy savings of 50%, and by 2020 to save 351 million tons of coal.……展开更多
The sequence problem is the required content of the college entrance examination mathematics examination, and its comprehensive and diversified characteristics are quite significant, so it is necessary to teach studen...The sequence problem is the required content of the college entrance examination mathematics examination, and its comprehensive and diversified characteristics are quite significant, so it is necessary to teach students the necessary problem-solving skills. This paper takes the sequence problem as the research object, and focuses on the analysis of common problem-solving skills in its solution, in order to improve the ability of students to solve the sequence problem.展开更多
In primary school mathematics teaching, mathematics teachers should guide students to discover, think, solve, reflect on the problem, so as to cultivate students' ability to solve problems, improve students' a...In primary school mathematics teaching, mathematics teachers should guide students to discover, think, solve, reflect on the problem, so as to cultivate students' ability to solve problems, improve students' ability to learn mathematics. How to guide students to find problems and answer them from various angles in class is the main problem for teachers to explain knowledge and enhance students' accomplishment. Primary school mathematics is an important subject to cultivate students' thinking ability, spatial concept, number sense, operation ability and other qualities, teachers should be committed to strengthening students' ability to solve problems, improve their mathematical learning efficiency, so that students can achieve all-round development in mathematics class. This paper explores the importance of developing problem-solving ability in primary school mathematics teaching, analyzes the problems existing in the training process, and puts forward corresponding optimization measures. We should carry out questioning teaching, change teaching mode, carry out group cooperation, establish reflective consciousness, and strengthen practice.展开更多
According to the requirements of the new curriculum standard of senior mathematics in primary schools, "problem-solving ability" is an important manifestation of students comprehensive knowledge ability, and...According to the requirements of the new curriculum standard of senior mathematics in primary schools, "problem-solving ability" is an important manifestation of students comprehensive knowledge ability, and how to cultivate problem-solving ability has attracted increasing attention. Aiming at the characteristics of pupils strong thinking ability in images but poor thinking in abstractions, this paper integrates problem-solving ability into relevant teaching links, and discusses several effective teaching modes to cultivate students problem-solving ability in primary school mathematics teaching, so as to continuously improve their problem-solving ability, which has positive reference value for primary school mathematics teaching.展开更多
In the process of promoting the new curriculum reform, the new education concept guides the new teaching reform. For the important basic subject of primary school mathematics, teachers need to examine the teaching met...In the process of promoting the new curriculum reform, the new education concept guides the new teaching reform. For the important basic subject of primary school mathematics, teachers need to examine the teaching methods and teaching content, reconstruct the teaching mode according to the new curriculum standards and students reality, especially pay attention to the diversified research of problem solving methods, so as to tap students learning potential and enlighten their wisdom, promote the improvement of mathematics learning level. Specifically, in the teaching process, teachers should change their teaching concepts in time, encourage students to think actively, focus on consolidating basic knowledge, guide students to use flexibly, actively guide innovative research, cultivate students divergent thinking, carry out group cooperative learning, achieve the collision of students thinking, and pay attention to the application of life practice to ensure the effect of thinking expansion training.展开更多
The paper presents the comparative study on numerical methods of Euler method,Improved Euler method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for solving the engineering problems and applications.The three proposed methods ...The paper presents the comparative study on numerical methods of Euler method,Improved Euler method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for solving the engineering problems and applications.The three proposed methods are quite efficient and practically well suited for solving the unknown engineering problems.This paper aims to enhance the teaching and learning quality of teachers and students for various levels.At each point of the interval,the value of y is calculated and compared with its exact value at that point.The next interesting point is the observation of error from those methods.Error in the value of y is the difference between calculated and exact value.A mathematical equation which relates various functions with its derivatives is known as a differential equation.It is a popular field of mathematics because of its application to real-world problems.To calculate the exact values,the approximate values and the errors,the numerical tool such as MATLAB is appropriate for observing the results.This paper mainly concentrates on identifying the method which provides more accurate results.Then the analytical results and calculates their corresponding error were compared in details.The minimum error directly reflected to realize the best method from different numerical methods.According to the analyses from those three approaches,we observed that only the error is nominal for the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.
基金funded by the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant number[62277022].
文摘Algorithms are the primary component of Artificial Intelligence(AI).The algorithm is the process in AI that imitates the human mind to solve problems.Currently evaluating the performance of AI is achieved by evaluating AI algorithms by metric scores on data sets.However the evaluation of algorithms in AI is challenging because the evaluation of the same type of algorithm has many data sets and evaluation metrics.Different algorithms may have individual strengths and weaknesses in evaluation metric scores on separate data sets,lacking the credibility and validity of the evaluation.Moreover,evaluation of algorithms requires repeated experiments on different data sets,reducing the attention of researchers to the research of the algorithms itself.Crucially,this approach to evaluating comparative metric scores does not take into account the algorithm’s ability to solve problems.And the classical algorithm evaluation of time and space complexity is not suitable for evaluating AI algorithms.Because classical algorithms input is infinite numbers,whereas AI algorithms input is a data set,which is limited and multifarious.According to the AI algorithm evaluation without response to the problem solving capability,this paper summarizes the features of AI algorithm evaluation and proposes an AI evaluation method that incorporates the problem-solving capabilities of algorithms.
文摘Objectives:Near misses happen more frequently than actual errors,and highlight system vulnerabilities without causing any harm,thus provide a safe space for organizational learning.Second-order problem solving behavior offers a new perspective to better understand how nurses promote learning from near misses to improve organizational outcomes.This study aimed to explore frontline nurses’perspectives on using second-order problem solving behavior in learning from near misses to improve patient safety.Methods:A qualitative exploratory study design was employed.This study was conducted in three tertiary hospitals in east China from June to November 2015.Purposive sampling was used to recruit 19 frontline nurses.Semi-structured interviews and a qualitative directed content analysis was undertaken using Crossan’s 4I Framework of Organizational Learning as a coding framework.Results:Second-order problem solving behavior,based on the 4I Framework of Organizational Learning,was referred to as being a leader in exposing near misses,pushing forward the cause analysis within limited capacity,balancing the active and passive role during improvement project,and promoting the continuous improvement with passion while feeling low-powered.Conclusions:4I Framework of Organizational Learning can be an underlying guide to enrich frontline nurses’role in promoting organizations to learn from near misses.In this study,nurses displayed their pivotal role in organizational learning from near misses by using second-order problem solving.However,additional knowledge,skills,and support are needed to maximize the application of second-order problem solving behavior when near misses are recognized.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575083)
文摘Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.62177024,62007014)the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education (No.20YJC880024)+1 种基金China Post Doctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M652678)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.CCNU20ZT019).
文摘A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.
文摘Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.
文摘This paper looks at student's view of the usefulness of a problem solving and programming module in the first year of a 3-year undergraduate program.The School of Science and Technology,University of Northampton,UK has been investigating,over the last seven years the teaching of problem solving.Including looking at whether a more visual approach has any benefits(the visual programming includes both 2-d and graphical user interfaces).Whilst the authors have discussed the subject problem solving and programming in the past [1] this paper considers the students perspective from research collected/collated by a student researcher under a new initiative within the University.All students interviewed either had completed the module within the two years of the survey or were completing the problem-solving module in their first year.
文摘Environmental issues are complex and malicious problems involving many characteristics, variables, increasing their level of uncertainty. How should victims of these problems be accompanied when trying to solve such complex environmental disasters？ A broad understanding of these problems and a feeling of self-efficacy must be present in problem solvers in order for them to persevere up to the formulation of effective solutions. Two new trends in problem solving inspired the development of an approach to accompany citizens dealing with environmental problems： design thinking and the use of ICT in problem solving. Design thinking, a creative solving approach created by IDEO, is a collaborative way to work during which intuition, abductive thinking, quick prototyping and the consumers＇ needs are put first. As for ICT, they can now be used to store, share, develop and criticize information and solutions （Facebook, Padlet... ）. Design thinking and Facebook were drawn on to accompany 10 poorly educated Moroccan women in solving a problem arising from flooding of the Ourika river. The women were taught to use electronic tablets and Facebook. During workshops and through Facebook, women were invited to share their experiences with floods and to find solutions to the poor quality of their drinking water, after floods. Design thinking allowed participants to explore many dimensions of the chosen problem and to prototype a certain number of solutions to purify their water. Facebook was profitable to better define the problem and as a communication and brainstorming tool （before and during the water filtration prototype trials）. Design thinking and Facebook turned out to be effective tools to pose the water problem more widely, to find solutions adapted to the participants＇ living conditions and to improve their self-efficacy in problem solving as well as their collaboration.
文摘As more and more benefits of forgetting have been found in recent studies,whether forgetting could promote individuals ability of creative problem solving remains a controversial debate.This article discusses the effect of two types of forgetting,the retrieval-induced forgetting(RIF)and the forgetting during incubation,in benefiting creative problem solving by introducing and analysing the relevant experiments.The results reveal that retrieval-induced forgetting only works when previous mental fixations occurred and the promotion varies when solving different types of problems.The level of RIF is irrelevant to the performance in solving closed-ended creative problems and high level of RIF even impairs the creativity when solving open-ended problems.And forgetting during incubation cannot explain the incubation effect.The spreading activation of relevant information or the unconscious work is more likely to be the possible reasons.In conclusion,the current article brings about the discussions about the work conditions and effects of forgetting in creative problem solving.
文摘Research suggests that physical fitness is positively associated with cognitive functioning in older adults, and that executive functions may be associated in particular. This study explored whether personality supplemented the relationship between physical activity and problem-solving. A computerized version of the Tower of London provided number of errors and time to completion as dependent variables using a sample of 65 community-dwelling older people. The NEO-FFI assessed the Big 5 dimensions of personality. Choice reaction time was used to control for changes in speed of processing with increased age. Age remained a significant predictor of both dependent variables, with neuroticism and agreeableness also showing predictive ability. Aerobic fitness was not associated with either outcome measure, suggesting that there might be differential effects of exercise on measures of different executive functions. Personality factors appear to have a stronger association with the cognitive function that has been reported previously.
文摘 On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, urban construction projects are expected to achieve energy savings of 50%, and by 2020 to save 351 million tons of coal.……
文摘The sequence problem is the required content of the college entrance examination mathematics examination, and its comprehensive and diversified characteristics are quite significant, so it is necessary to teach students the necessary problem-solving skills. This paper takes the sequence problem as the research object, and focuses on the analysis of common problem-solving skills in its solution, in order to improve the ability of students to solve the sequence problem.
文摘In primary school mathematics teaching, mathematics teachers should guide students to discover, think, solve, reflect on the problem, so as to cultivate students' ability to solve problems, improve students' ability to learn mathematics. How to guide students to find problems and answer them from various angles in class is the main problem for teachers to explain knowledge and enhance students' accomplishment. Primary school mathematics is an important subject to cultivate students' thinking ability, spatial concept, number sense, operation ability and other qualities, teachers should be committed to strengthening students' ability to solve problems, improve their mathematical learning efficiency, so that students can achieve all-round development in mathematics class. This paper explores the importance of developing problem-solving ability in primary school mathematics teaching, analyzes the problems existing in the training process, and puts forward corresponding optimization measures. We should carry out questioning teaching, change teaching mode, carry out group cooperation, establish reflective consciousness, and strengthen practice.
文摘According to the requirements of the new curriculum standard of senior mathematics in primary schools, "problem-solving ability" is an important manifestation of students comprehensive knowledge ability, and how to cultivate problem-solving ability has attracted increasing attention. Aiming at the characteristics of pupils strong thinking ability in images but poor thinking in abstractions, this paper integrates problem-solving ability into relevant teaching links, and discusses several effective teaching modes to cultivate students problem-solving ability in primary school mathematics teaching, so as to continuously improve their problem-solving ability, which has positive reference value for primary school mathematics teaching.
文摘In the process of promoting the new curriculum reform, the new education concept guides the new teaching reform. For the important basic subject of primary school mathematics, teachers need to examine the teaching methods and teaching content, reconstruct the teaching mode according to the new curriculum standards and students reality, especially pay attention to the diversified research of problem solving methods, so as to tap students learning potential and enlighten their wisdom, promote the improvement of mathematics learning level. Specifically, in the teaching process, teachers should change their teaching concepts in time, encourage students to think actively, focus on consolidating basic knowledge, guide students to use flexibly, actively guide innovative research, cultivate students divergent thinking, carry out group cooperative learning, achieve the collision of students thinking, and pay attention to the application of life practice to ensure the effect of thinking expansion training.
文摘The paper presents the comparative study on numerical methods of Euler method,Improved Euler method and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method for solving the engineering problems and applications.The three proposed methods are quite efficient and practically well suited for solving the unknown engineering problems.This paper aims to enhance the teaching and learning quality of teachers and students for various levels.At each point of the interval,the value of y is calculated and compared with its exact value at that point.The next interesting point is the observation of error from those methods.Error in the value of y is the difference between calculated and exact value.A mathematical equation which relates various functions with its derivatives is known as a differential equation.It is a popular field of mathematics because of its application to real-world problems.To calculate the exact values,the approximate values and the errors,the numerical tool such as MATLAB is appropriate for observing the results.This paper mainly concentrates on identifying the method which provides more accurate results.Then the analytical results and calculates their corresponding error were compared in details.The minimum error directly reflected to realize the best method from different numerical methods.According to the analyses from those three approaches,we observed that only the error is nominal for the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method.
