In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results ...In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted extensive attention from aerospace,integrated circuits,precision sensors,and flexible electronics due to their unique layered structure and excellent physicochemical propert...Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted extensive attention from aerospace,integrated circuits,precision sensors,and flexible electronics due to their unique layered structure and excellent physicochemical properties.In practice applications,the components of functional nanodevices are subjected to mechanical stress,which can affect the robust performance and structural reliability of these devices.Therefore,it is imperative to explore the mechanical properties and underlying mechanisms of 2D materials.However,researchers have an inadequate understanding of the accuracy of various in situ microscopy techniques and neglect the significance of high-quality,clean transfer techniques,resulting in deviated measurement results.There is now an urgent need to develop guidelines that allow researchers to select appropriate material transfer techniques and mechanical testing strategies based on the specific properties of 2D materials.Furthermore,the mechanical mechanism of 2D materials lacks systematic and comprehensive studies,which hinders researchers from deeply understanding the relationship between the material structure and the device performance.This work reviews the latest progress in the mechanics of 2D materials,focusing on the challenges of various transfer techniques and in situ microscopy techniques in mechanical testing,and provides effective guidance for the formulation of experimental schemes for mechanical testing.In addition,we offer detailed mechanistic insights into the fracture behavior,geometric dimension effects,edge defects,and interlayer bonding effects of 2D materials.This work is expected to advance the field development of 2D material mechanics.展开更多
Utilization of ceramic wastes to fabricate concrete can not only effectively dispose the wastes,but also reduce the energy and source consumptions.Therefore,we fabricated a green ultra high performance concrete using ...Utilization of ceramic wastes to fabricate concrete can not only effectively dispose the wastes,but also reduce the energy and source consumptions.Therefore,we fabricated a green ultra high performance concrete using ceramic waste powder(CWP)to replace 55%of cement,and ceramic waste aggregate(CWA)to replace 100%natural quartz sand.However,high content of ceramic wastes will harm the concrete performance including workability and mechanical properties.Therefore,a low-cost and low carbon nano-calcium carbonate(NC)was introduced to compensate for the defects caused by large amounts of CWP and CWA to workability and mechanical behavior.The experimental results show that the workability of ultra high performance concrete with large amounts of CWP and CWA(UHPCLCC)increases by 28.57%with NC content of 5%.Moreover,the flexural strengths,fracture energy,compressive strengths,and compressive toughness of UHPCLCC increase up to 29.6%,56.5%,20.4%,and 37.6%,respectively,which is caused by the nano-core effect of NC.展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,co...Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,contributing to reproduction,defense against natural enemies,and adaptation to environmental changes.Thus,a deeper understanding of their leaf coloration will be essential for both practical applications and theoretical understanding.The present study comprehensively reviews the factors influencing anthocyanin metabolism,including biosynthesis,transport,degradation,transcription factors(TF_(S)),post-transcriptional regulation,post translation regulation.Next,we summarize the application of omics technologies in unveiling the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in leaves.Furthermore,we review the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate leaf coloration by inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis.Lastly,the study addresses unresolved issues in the research of plant leaf coloration and proposes future research directions in this field.This study is anticipated to provide a valuable reference for the study of plant leaf coloration.展开更多
Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune ...Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.展开更多
In electrochemical energy storage systems,the sodium-ion battery is typically integrated in the form of a“cell-module-cluster”,but its cross-scale thermal runaway triggering risk and the propagation mechanism remain...In electrochemical energy storage systems,the sodium-ion battery is typically integrated in the form of a“cell-module-cluster”,but its cross-scale thermal runaway triggering risk and the propagation mechanism remain unclear.This study reveals the cross-scale thermal runaway triggering and propagation behavior of sodium-ion batteries of“cell-module-cluster”under overcharge conditions,and investigates the effects of key factors,including module spacing,triggering cell location,and heat dissipation condition,on the thermal runaway propagation behavior.Results demonstrate that the thermal runaway propagation in a module containing the overcharged cell follows a sequential triggering mode,while thermal runaway in the downstream module exhibits a simultaneous triggering mode with greater severity.Furthermore,increasing the module spacing or enhancing the heat dissipation capacity can effectively reduce the heat accumulation and prevent the trigger of thermal runaway.On the above basis,the multi-dimensional evaluation strategy is proposed to quantitatively assess the hazard of sodium-ion battery cluster thermal runaway.The findings serve as a foundation for the safe design of sodium-ion batteries in energy storage systems.展开更多
The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP...The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP)dominates the market due to its favorable properties;thus,a substantial amount of LFP cathode materials is expected to retire in the near future.The conventional hydrometallurgical method suffers from high costs and serious pollution.Direct regeneration technologies,especially solid-state sintering,provide a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing cathode structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions without extra chemical reagents.Traditional solid-state sintering faces challenges in processing spent LFP from diverse sources,struggling to achieve the homogenization of physical–chemical properties and electrochemical performance.To address the limitations above,phase homogenization with a lattice reconstruction strategy has been investigated,which can enable effective lattice reconstruction and microstructural homogenization,demonstrating robust adaptability to spent samples from variable sources.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms,detailed steps,characterization techniques,and advances in pre-oxidation optimization(including ion-doping and coated carbon layer modification),as well as future research directions for sustainable LFP recycling.Given this,this review is expected to offer theoretical guidance for achieving homogeneous regeneration of LFP cathode.展开更多
Conglomerate rock's complex and heterogeneous microstructure significantly affects its mechanical properties,especially under dynamic loading.However,research on their dynamic behavior and fracture mechanisms is l...Conglomerate rock's complex and heterogeneous microstructure significantly affects its mechanical properties,especially under dynamic loading.However,research on their dynamic behavior and fracture mechanisms is limited.Through uniaxial compression tests and split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)impact tests,the dynamic compressive mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of conglomerate rock were studied.Nanoindentation and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography were employed to analyze the micro-mechanical behavior and internal structure of the conglomerate rock.Results indicate significant differences in mechanical properties between different gravel particles and cementing materials,with initial fractures primarily distributed at the gravel-cement interfaces.The dynamic mechanical properties of conglomerate rocks exhibit a clear strain rate dependency.Based on the stress−strain curves and failure characteristics,the dynamic compressive mechanical behavior can be categorized into two types using a critical strain rate.The dynamic compressive strength,peak strain,and toughness of conglomerate rock increased with the strain rate,with the strength at 54 s−1 being 2.6 times that at 6 s−1.The dynamic compressive fracture mechanism of conglomerate rock is related to the strain rate and microstructure;at low strain rates,gravel distribution is the key factor,whereas at high strain rates,gravel content becomes critical.展开更多
The Mianhuakeng uranium deposit,characterized by uranium-rich granite,serves as a key site for research into crustal radioactive heating.Based on 45 rock samples,this study reviews that the host granite in the Mianhua...The Mianhuakeng uranium deposit,characterized by uranium-rich granite,serves as a key site for research into crustal radioactive heating.Based on 45 rock samples,this study reviews that the host granite in the Mianhuakeng uranium deposit has a high radioactive heat production rate(avg.5.50μW/m³)and a low Th/U ratio(avg.2.62).Uranium-rich granite and its alteration zone within the upper crust(0-5 km depth)contribute about 45%of the total radioactive heat production,wich is crucial for controlling geothermal resource distribution.For uranium-thermal at tectonic plate margins,a symbiotic geological model was proposed:Firstly,subduction of the Pacific Plate caused upwelling of the asthenosphere,generating a high heat-flow background.Secondly,heat transfer is enhanced by major faults such as the Youdong and Mianhuakeng faults.Subsequently,uranium was mobilized,transported,and enriched within the granite through deep siliceous hydrothermal activity and associated alteration.Ultimately,the uranium enrichment in granite leads to increased radioactive heat production,resulting in local thermal anomalies.This model provides a theoretical support for exploring and developing uranium-thermal symbiotic resources in South China.展开更多
文摘In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant.Nos.52422505,12274124)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(Grant.No.22TQ14001006)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275149)the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(Grant No.ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-D5)Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant.No.52321002)。
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)materials have attracted extensive attention from aerospace,integrated circuits,precision sensors,and flexible electronics due to their unique layered structure and excellent physicochemical properties.In practice applications,the components of functional nanodevices are subjected to mechanical stress,which can affect the robust performance and structural reliability of these devices.Therefore,it is imperative to explore the mechanical properties and underlying mechanisms of 2D materials.However,researchers have an inadequate understanding of the accuracy of various in situ microscopy techniques and neglect the significance of high-quality,clean transfer techniques,resulting in deviated measurement results.There is now an urgent need to develop guidelines that allow researchers to select appropriate material transfer techniques and mechanical testing strategies based on the specific properties of 2D materials.Furthermore,the mechanical mechanism of 2D materials lacks systematic and comprehensive studies,which hinders researchers from deeply understanding the relationship between the material structure and the device performance.This work reviews the latest progress in the mechanics of 2D materials,focusing on the challenges of various transfer techniques and in situ microscopy techniques in mechanical testing,and provides effective guidance for the formulation of experimental schemes for mechanical testing.In addition,we offer detailed mechanistic insights into the fracture behavior,geometric dimension effects,edge defects,and interlayer bonding effects of 2D materials.This work is expected to advance the field development of 2D material mechanics.
基金Funded by the National Science Foundation of China(No.52368031)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M713497)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20252BAC250115)the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Transportation Science and Technology Project(No.2022H0017)。
文摘Utilization of ceramic wastes to fabricate concrete can not only effectively dispose the wastes,but also reduce the energy and source consumptions.Therefore,we fabricated a green ultra high performance concrete using ceramic waste powder(CWP)to replace 55%of cement,and ceramic waste aggregate(CWA)to replace 100%natural quartz sand.However,high content of ceramic wastes will harm the concrete performance including workability and mechanical properties.Therefore,a low-cost and low carbon nano-calcium carbonate(NC)was introduced to compensate for the defects caused by large amounts of CWP and CWA to workability and mechanical behavior.The experimental results show that the workability of ultra high performance concrete with large amounts of CWP and CWA(UHPCLCC)increases by 28.57%with NC content of 5%.Moreover,the flexural strengths,fracture energy,compressive strengths,and compressive toughness of UHPCLCC increase up to 29.6%,56.5%,20.4%,and 37.6%,respectively,which is caused by the nano-core effect of NC.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
基金supported by Central Finance for the Forestry Science and Technology Promotion Demonstration Project([2024]TG13)the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201643)the Key research projects of Yibin,Research and Integrated Demonstration and Key Technologies for Smart Bamboo Industry(Grant No.YBZD2024-1).
文摘Anthocyanin-rich foliage plants hold important applications in the pharmaceutical industry and the tea sector,beyond their significant ornamental value.These plants also possess biological and ecological importance,contributing to reproduction,defense against natural enemies,and adaptation to environmental changes.Thus,a deeper understanding of their leaf coloration will be essential for both practical applications and theoretical understanding.The present study comprehensively reviews the factors influencing anthocyanin metabolism,including biosynthesis,transport,degradation,transcription factors(TF_(S)),post-transcriptional regulation,post translation regulation.Next,we summarize the application of omics technologies in unveiling the mechanisms of anthocyanin synthesis in leaves.Furthermore,we review the molecular mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate leaf coloration by inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis.Lastly,the study addresses unresolved issues in the research of plant leaf coloration and proposes future research directions in this field.This study is anticipated to provide a valuable reference for the study of plant leaf coloration.
基金funded by Ausnutria-kabrita Research Fund(RS2022-14).
文摘Probiotics can regulate the body’s immune system through both non-specific and specific immunity,thereby regulating host health.In terms of non-specific immune regulation,probiotics can activate the intrinsic immune system,regulate the mucosal barrier function,and play an immune role by influencing the activity of intrinsic immune cells such as macrophages,dendritic cells and natural killer cells,as well as their differentiation and maturation;in terms of specific immune regulation,probiotics play a role in regulating the immunoglobulin level and the maturation of B cells.Probiotics can also regulate T-cell differentiation according to the condition of the body,thus regulating specific immunity.Many studies have focused on the role of probiotics in metabolism and nutrition,and the mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory role of probiotics have only been partially described.This review summarises the role of common probiotics such as Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in immunomodulation as well as their mechanisms,describing the currently known mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics in improving the host immune system.A deeper understanding of probiotics and their specific mechanisms of action will facilitate the use of probiotics for immunomodulation in clinical medicine,functional foods,and other areas.This will also contribute to the development and research of engineered probiotics,next-generation probiotics,and other new functional probiotics with immunomodulatory effects.
基金supported by the Anhui Quality Infrastructure Standardization Project(Grant No.2024MKSO7)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid(SGAHDK00DJJS2310027)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2208085UD03).
文摘In electrochemical energy storage systems,the sodium-ion battery is typically integrated in the form of a“cell-module-cluster”,but its cross-scale thermal runaway triggering risk and the propagation mechanism remain unclear.This study reveals the cross-scale thermal runaway triggering and propagation behavior of sodium-ion batteries of“cell-module-cluster”under overcharge conditions,and investigates the effects of key factors,including module spacing,triggering cell location,and heat dissipation condition,on the thermal runaway propagation behavior.Results demonstrate that the thermal runaway propagation in a module containing the overcharged cell follows a sequential triggering mode,while thermal runaway in the downstream module exhibits a simultaneous triggering mode with greater severity.Furthermore,increasing the module spacing or enhancing the heat dissipation capacity can effectively reduce the heat accumulation and prevent the trigger of thermal runaway.On the above basis,the multi-dimensional evaluation strategy is proposed to quantitatively assess the hazard of sodium-ion battery cluster thermal runaway.The findings serve as a foundation for the safe design of sodium-ion batteries in energy storage systems.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(52534010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374288,52204298)+2 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3900805-4/7)Collaborative Innovation Centre for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,Found of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2017-13).
文摘The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP)dominates the market due to its favorable properties;thus,a substantial amount of LFP cathode materials is expected to retire in the near future.The conventional hydrometallurgical method suffers from high costs and serious pollution.Direct regeneration technologies,especially solid-state sintering,provide a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing cathode structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions without extra chemical reagents.Traditional solid-state sintering faces challenges in processing spent LFP from diverse sources,struggling to achieve the homogenization of physical–chemical properties and electrochemical performance.To address the limitations above,phase homogenization with a lattice reconstruction strategy has been investigated,which can enable effective lattice reconstruction and microstructural homogenization,demonstrating robust adaptability to spent samples from variable sources.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms,detailed steps,characterization techniques,and advances in pre-oxidation optimization(including ion-doping and coated carbon layer modification),as well as future research directions for sustainable LFP recycling.Given this,this review is expected to offer theoretical guidance for achieving homogeneous regeneration of LFP cathode.
基金Project(51978674)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Conglomerate rock's complex and heterogeneous microstructure significantly affects its mechanical properties,especially under dynamic loading.However,research on their dynamic behavior and fracture mechanisms is limited.Through uniaxial compression tests and split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)impact tests,the dynamic compressive mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of conglomerate rock were studied.Nanoindentation and high-resolution X-ray computed tomography were employed to analyze the micro-mechanical behavior and internal structure of the conglomerate rock.Results indicate significant differences in mechanical properties between different gravel particles and cementing materials,with initial fractures primarily distributed at the gravel-cement interfaces.The dynamic mechanical properties of conglomerate rocks exhibit a clear strain rate dependency.Based on the stress−strain curves and failure characteristics,the dynamic compressive mechanical behavior can be categorized into two types using a critical strain rate.The dynamic compressive strength,peak strain,and toughness of conglomerate rock increased with the strain rate,with the strength at 54 s−1 being 2.6 times that at 6 s−1.The dynamic compressive fracture mechanism of conglomerate rock is related to the strain rate and microstructure;at low strain rates,gravel distribution is the key factor,whereas at high strain rates,gravel content becomes critical.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902310,42372348,42372286)Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD1003607)+2 种基金China Geological Survey Projects(DD20230700802,DD20221819)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(JKYQN202306)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(202102090301009).
文摘The Mianhuakeng uranium deposit,characterized by uranium-rich granite,serves as a key site for research into crustal radioactive heating.Based on 45 rock samples,this study reviews that the host granite in the Mianhuakeng uranium deposit has a high radioactive heat production rate(avg.5.50μW/m³)and a low Th/U ratio(avg.2.62).Uranium-rich granite and its alteration zone within the upper crust(0-5 km depth)contribute about 45%of the total radioactive heat production,wich is crucial for controlling geothermal resource distribution.For uranium-thermal at tectonic plate margins,a symbiotic geological model was proposed:Firstly,subduction of the Pacific Plate caused upwelling of the asthenosphere,generating a high heat-flow background.Secondly,heat transfer is enhanced by major faults such as the Youdong and Mianhuakeng faults.Subsequently,uranium was mobilized,transported,and enriched within the granite through deep siliceous hydrothermal activity and associated alteration.Ultimately,the uranium enrichment in granite leads to increased radioactive heat production,resulting in local thermal anomalies.This model provides a theoretical support for exploring and developing uranium-thermal symbiotic resources in South China.
