Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orien...Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.展开更多
Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.T...Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.To contribute to a better understanding of the state of the art of smart techniques for engineering projects,this paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)techniques,intelligent techniques,and their applications in CEM.First,a comprehensive framework detailing smart technologies for construction projects is developed.Next,the characteristics of CEM are summarized.A bibliometric review is then conducted to investigate the keywords,journals,and clusters related to the application of smart techniques in CEM during 2000-2022.Recent advancements in intelligent techniques are also discussed under the following six topics:①big data technology;②computer vision;③speech recognition;④natural language processing;⑤machine learning;and⑥knowledge representation,understanding,and reasoning.The applications of smart techniques are then illustrated via underground space exploitation.Finally,future research directions for the sustainable development of smart construction are highlighted.展开更多
Traditional polymeric photocatalysts are typically constructed using aromatic building blocks to enhanceπ-conjugation.However,their inherent hydrophobicity and rigid structure lead to poor dispersibility in aqueous s...Traditional polymeric photocatalysts are typically constructed using aromatic building blocks to enhanceπ-conjugation.However,their inherent hydrophobicity and rigid structure lead to poor dispersibility in aqueous solutions,resulting in significant optical losses and exciton recombination.In this study,two series of six novel polymer photocatalysts(FLUSO,FLUSO-PEG10,FLUSO-PEG30;CPDTSO,CPDTSO-PEG10,CPDTSO-PEG30)are designed and synthesized by incorporating the hydrophilic,non-conjugated polyethylene glycol(PEG)chain,into both the main and side chains of polymers.By precisely optimizing the ratio of hydrophilic PEG segments,the water dispersibility is significantly improved while the light absorption capability of the polymer photocatalysts is well maintained.The experimental results confirm that the optimized FLUSO-PEG10 exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate,reaching up to 33.9 mmol/(g·h),which is nearly three times higher than that of fullyπ-conjugated counterparts.Water contact angles and particle size analyses reveal that incorporating non-conjugated segments into the main chains enhances the capacitance of the polymer/water interface and reduces particle aggregation,leading to improved photocatalyst dispersion and enhanced charge generation.展开更多
Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the su...Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.展开更多
Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3) (PZT-PZN) based ceramics, as important piezoelectric materials, have a wide range of applications in fields such as sensors and actuators, thus the optimization of their piezoe...Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3) (PZT-PZN) based ceramics, as important piezoelectric materials, have a wide range of applications in fields such as sensors and actuators, thus the optimization of their piezoelectric properties has been a hot research topic. This study investigated the effects of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on (1-x)[0.8Pb(Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3)-0.2Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)]-xBi(Zn_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3) ((1-x)(0.8PZT-0.2PZN)- xBZT) ceramic to obtain excellent piezoelectric properties. The crystal phase structure and microstructure of ceramic samples were characterized. The results showed that all samples had a pure perovskite structure, and the addition of BZT gradually increased the grain size. The addition of BZT caused a phase transition in ceramic samples from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) towards the tetragonal phase region, which is crucial for optimizing piezoelectric properties. By adjusting content of BZT and precisely controlling position of the phase boundary, the piezoelectric performance can be optimized. Domain structure is one of the key factors affecting piezoelectric performance. By using domain engineering techniques to optimize grain size and domain size, piezoelectric properties of ceramic samples have been significantly improved. Specifically, excellent piezoelectric properties (piezoelectric constant d_(33)=320 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor kp=0.44) were obtained simultaneously for x=0.08. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, influence mechanisms of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on piezoelectric properties were explored. The study shows that addition of BZT not only promotes grain growth, but also optimizes the domain structure, enabling the polarization reversal process easier, thereby improving piezoelectric properties. These research results not only provide new ideas for the design of high-performance piezoelectric ceramics, but also lay a theoretical foundation for development of related electronic devices.展开更多
Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantiall...Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantially enhance land resources.This study highlights the necessity for a precise correlation between land development initiatives and constraints in order to optimize efficiency and enhance the effectiveness of such projects,with the core being the seamless integration of land development engineering and techniques to eliminate agricultural constraints.This study employs a systems engineering approach to classify improvement factors into mobile and fixed categories,elucidating the integration methods of constraint factors.Adhering to the Wooden Barrel Principle,these constraints were rigorously analyzed based on soil quality,land topography,water availability,and agricultural infrastructure.An innovative method of engineering type combination is proposed,which effectively explains the correlation between natural factors combination,project type combination,and target factors combination.It provides a convenient way for the selection of barren grassland development projects and lays a foundation for land planning,development project establishment,program selection,engineering design,and budget preparation.Taking Tang County of China as an example,it is divided into 19 factor improvement areas,a quick reference table of engineering types is established,and 14 main types of engineering combinations are obtained,which lays a foundation for the application of theoretical framework in practice.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease indu...Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs,a project-based teaching model was introduced.This approach integrates tea...Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs,a project-based teaching model was introduced.This approach integrates teaching design,scheme argumentation,and the implementation of teaching activities with the project serving as the central framework.Course knowledge points are derived from the project topics,forming the foundation for a structured knowledge framework.The course content is modularized in alignment with the project design,enabling students to engage with professional courses on a module-by-module basis,guided by the project.Each course utilizes the project topic as a practical case,facilitating project-led teaching.A teaching system tailored to the research project is proposed,establishing a professional course structure closely linked to the project objectives.展开更多
Quantum software development utilizes quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to address problems that are challenging for classical systems.However,it must also adhere to critical quantum constraints...Quantum software development utilizes quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to address problems that are challenging for classical systems.However,it must also adhere to critical quantum constraints,notably the no-cloning theorem,which prohibits the exact duplication of unknown quantum states and has profound implications for cryptography,secure communication,and error correction.While existing quantum circuit representations implicitly honor such constraints,they lack formal mechanisms for early-stage verification in software design.Addressing this constraint at the design phase is essential to ensure the correctness and reliability of quantum software.This paper presents a formal metamodeling framework using UML-style notation and and Object Constraint Language(OCL)to systematically capture and enforce the no-cloning theorem within quantum software models.The proposed metamodel formalizes key quantum concepts—such as entanglement and teleportation—and encodes enforceable invariants that reflect core quantum mechanical laws.The framework’s effectiveness is validated by analyzing two critical edge cases—conditional copying with CNOT gates and quantum teleportation—through instance model evaluations.These cases demonstrate that the metamodel can capture nuanced scenarios that are often mistaken as violations of the no-cloning theorem but are proven compliant under formal analysis.Thus,these serve as constructive validations that demonstrate the metamodel’s expressiveness and correctness in representing operations that may appear to challenge the no-cloning theorem but,upon rigorous analysis,are shown to comply with it.The approach supports early detection of conceptual design errors,promoting correctness prior to implementation.The framework’s extensibility is also demonstrated by modeling projective measurement,further reinforcing its applicability to broader quantum software engineering tasks.By integrating the rigor of metamodeling with fundamental quantum mechanical principles,this work provides a structured,model-driven approach that enables traditional software engineers to address quantum computing challenges.It offers practical insights into embedding quantum correctness at the modeling level and advances the development of reliable,error-resilient quantum software systems.展开更多
Heparin,a glycosaminoglycan,is a stable source of carbon that supports the growth of microorganisms in the human intestine.It is also a commonly used anticoagulant drug in clinical practice,with significant therapeuti...Heparin,a glycosaminoglycan,is a stable source of carbon that supports the growth of microorganisms in the human intestine.It is also a commonly used anticoagulant drug in clinical practice,with significant therapeutic effects.Low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)is a highly active low molecular weight fragment obtained via enzymatic reaction or the chemical degradation of heparin.LMWH has been applied globally in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in thrombosis patients.Simultaneously,as a potential prebiotic,because of its low molecular weight,LMWH can be well degraded by the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal balance.Enzymatic heparin degradation has recently emerged as a viable disposal method for LMWH preparation;however,only very few benchmark enzymes have been thoroughly described and subjected to protein engineering to improve their properties over the past few years.The commercialization of enzymes will require the development of robustly engineered enzymes that meet the demands of industrial processes.Herein,we report a rational protein engineering strategy that includes molecular dynamic simulations of flexible amino acid mutations and disulfide bond screening.Several Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron heparanase I(Bt-HepI)mutants were obtained and screened for high thermal stability.We obtained the Bt-HepI^(D204C/K208C/H189W/Q198R)variant,which features a stabilized protein surface structure,with a 1.3-fold increase in catalytic constant/michaelis-menten constant(k_(cat)/K_(m)),a 2.44-fold increase in thermal stability at 50℃,and a 1.8-fold decrease in the average molecular weight of LMWH produced at 40℃compared with that seen with Bt-HepI^(WT).Our study establishes a strategy to engineer thermostable HepI to underpin its industrial applications.展开更多
Housing construction and municipal engineering have full lifecycle characteristics,involving multiple stages.Emphasizing the coherence and systematicity of each stage,the supervisor should establish a three-dimensiona...Housing construction and municipal engineering have full lifecycle characteristics,involving multiple stages.Emphasizing the coherence and systematicity of each stage,the supervisor should establish a three-dimensional management system.Establishing quantitative evaluation models and visual monitoring schemes to ensure quality and safety,as well as introducing cost control methods and innovative collaborative management mechanisms,ultimately forming a supervision-led paradigm and proposing directions for the application of digital twin technology.展开更多
This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses ...This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses the construction of multi-dimensional collaborative theoretical models,public space streamline organization,and other aspects,emphasizing the importance of multi-dimensional collaboration.Additionally,it highlights the role of talent cultivation and digital transformation in enhancing project efficiency.展开更多
The Bat algorithm,a metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by the foraging behaviour of bats,has been employed to tackle optimization problems.Known for its ease of implementation,parameter tunability,and stron...The Bat algorithm,a metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by the foraging behaviour of bats,has been employed to tackle optimization problems.Known for its ease of implementation,parameter tunability,and strong global search capabilities,this algorithm finds application across diverse optimization problem domains.However,in the face of increasingly complex optimization challenges,the Bat algorithm encounters certain limitations,such as slow convergence and sensitivity to initial solutions.In order to tackle these challenges,the present study incorporates a range of optimization compo-nents into the Bat algorithm,thereby proposing a variant called PKEBA.A projection screening strategy is implemented to mitigate its sensitivity to initial solutions,thereby enhancing the quality of the initial solution set.A kinetic adaptation strategy reforms exploration patterns,while an elite communication strategy enhances group interaction,to avoid algorithm from local optima.Subsequently,the effectiveness of the proposed PKEBA is rigorously evaluated.Testing encompasses 30 benchmark functions from IEEE CEC2014,featuring ablation experiments and comparative assessments against classical algorithms and their variants.Moreover,real-world engineering problems are employed as further validation.The results conclusively demonstrate that PKEBA ex-hibits superior convergence and precision compared to existing algorithms.展开更多
Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across t...Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.展开更多
In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs a...In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.展开更多
The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of...The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of Three-Dimensional(3D)-printed Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds with varying proportions of Nanohydroxyapatite(NHA)and Nanoclay(NC),and their physiochemical and biological properties were assessed.The mechanical properties of PCL are satisfactory;however,its hydrophobic nature and long-term degradation hinder its use in scaffold fabrication.NHA and NC have been employed to improve the hydrophilic characteristics,mechanical strength,adhesive properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and osteoconductive behavior of PCL.The morphology results demonstrated 3D-printed structures with interconnected rectangular macropores and proper nanoparticle distribution.The sample containing 70 wt%NC showed the highest porosity(65.98±2.54%),leading to an increased degradation rate.The compressive strength ranged from 10.65±1.90 to 84.93±9.93 MPa,which is directly proportional to the compressive strength of cancellous bone(2–12 MPa).The wettability,water uptake,and biodegradability of PCL scaffolds considerably improved as the amount of NC increased.The results of the cellular assays exhibited increased proliferation,viability,and adhesion of MG-63 cells due to the addition of NHA and NC to the scaffolds.Finally,according to the in vitro results,it can be concluded that 3D-printed samples with higher amounts of NC can be regarded as a suitable scaffold for expediting the regeneration process of bone defects.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis represents an advanced on-site production method with significant potential for on-demand supply.However,various challenges hinder the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) yield,includi...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis represents an advanced on-site production method with significant potential for on-demand supply.However,various challenges hinder the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) yield,including weak oxygen adsorption capacity,reliance on sacrificial agents,low charge separation and transfer efficiency.In this regard,doping design and defect engineering have emerged as robust and effective strategies for catalyst modification,particularly through their synergistic effects.Additionally,advanced in situ characterization techniques for investigating reaction mechanisms are gaining momentum.Herein,this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals and challenges associated with photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production,and highlights the advantages of doping and defect engineering.Subsequently,it outlines preparation methods and applications of these strategies.More importantly,it emphasizes the advanced characterization techniques utilized to validate doping and defects,as well as to investigate underlying mechanisms.Finally,the potential prospects and challenges of this reaction are anticipated.This review aims to offer valuable insights for researchers from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42293270)。
文摘Throughout the contemporary Chinese history of geography,geographical engineering has consistently played a pivotal role as a fundamental scientific activity.It possesses its distinct ontological basis and value orientation,rendering it inseparable from being merely a derivative of geographical science or technology.This paper defines geographical engineering and introduces its development history through the lens of Chinese geographical engineering praxises.Furthermore,it is highlighted the logical and functional consistency between the theory of human-earth system and the praxis of geographical engineering.Six modern cases of geographical engineering projects are presented in detail to demonstrate the points and characteristics of different types of modern geographical engineering.Geographical engineering serves as an engine for promoting integrated geography research,and in response to the challenge posed by fragmented geographies,this paper advocates for an urgent revitalization of geographical engineering.The feasibility of revitalizing geographical engineering is guaranteed because it aligns with China’s national strategies.
基金funded by the project of Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Committee(2022A1515240073)the Pearl River Talent Recruitment Program(2019CX01G338),Guangdong Province.
文摘Construction engineering and management(CEM)has become increasingly complicated with the increasing size of engineering projects under different construction environments,motivating the digital transformation of CEM.To contribute to a better understanding of the state of the art of smart techniques for engineering projects,this paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)techniques,intelligent techniques,and their applications in CEM.First,a comprehensive framework detailing smart technologies for construction projects is developed.Next,the characteristics of CEM are summarized.A bibliometric review is then conducted to investigate the keywords,journals,and clusters related to the application of smart techniques in CEM during 2000-2022.Recent advancements in intelligent techniques are also discussed under the following six topics:①big data technology;②computer vision;③speech recognition;④natural language processing;⑤machine learning;and⑥knowledge representation,understanding,and reasoning.The applications of smart techniques are then illustrated via underground space exploitation.Finally,future research directions for the sustainable development of smart construction are highlighted.
文摘Traditional polymeric photocatalysts are typically constructed using aromatic building blocks to enhanceπ-conjugation.However,their inherent hydrophobicity and rigid structure lead to poor dispersibility in aqueous solutions,resulting in significant optical losses and exciton recombination.In this study,two series of six novel polymer photocatalysts(FLUSO,FLUSO-PEG10,FLUSO-PEG30;CPDTSO,CPDTSO-PEG10,CPDTSO-PEG30)are designed and synthesized by incorporating the hydrophilic,non-conjugated polyethylene glycol(PEG)chain,into both the main and side chains of polymers.By precisely optimizing the ratio of hydrophilic PEG segments,the water dispersibility is significantly improved while the light absorption capability of the polymer photocatalysts is well maintained.The experimental results confirm that the optimized FLUSO-PEG10 exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate,reaching up to 33.9 mmol/(g·h),which is nearly three times higher than that of fullyπ-conjugated counterparts.Water contact angles and particle size analyses reveal that incorporating non-conjugated segments into the main chains enhances the capacitance of the polymer/water interface and reduces particle aggregation,leading to improved photocatalyst dispersion and enhanced charge generation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.42225206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42207180,42477209,42302320).
文摘Subgrade engineering is a fundamental aspect of infrastructure construction in China.As the primary structural element responsible for bearing and distributing traffic loads,the subgrade must not only withstand the substantial pressures exerted by vehicles,trains,and other forms of transportation,but also efficiently transfer these loads to the underlying foundation,ensuring the stability and longevity of the roadway.In recent years,advancements in subgrade engineering technology have propelled the industry towards smarter,greener,and more sustainable practices,particularly in the areas of intelligent monitoring,disaster management,and innovative construction methods.This paper reviews the application and methodologies of intelligent testing equipment,including cone penetration testing(CPT)devices,soil resistivity testers,and intelligent rebound testers,in subgrade engineering.It examines the operating principles,advantages,limitations,and application ranges of these tools in subgrade testing.Additionally,the paper evaluates the practical use of advanced equipment from both domestic and international perspectives,addressing the challenges encountered by various instruments in realworld applications.These devices enable precise,comprehensive testing and evaluation of subgrade conditions at different stages,providing real-time data analysis and intelligent early warnings.This supports effective subgrade health management and maintenance.As intelligent technologies continue to evolve and integrate,these tools will increasingly enhance the accuracy,efficiency,and sustainability of subgrade monitoring.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202139, 52072178)。
文摘Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)-Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3) (PZT-PZN) based ceramics, as important piezoelectric materials, have a wide range of applications in fields such as sensors and actuators, thus the optimization of their piezoelectric properties has been a hot research topic. This study investigated the effects of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on (1-x)[0.8Pb(Zr_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3)-0.2Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)]-xBi(Zn_(0.5)Ti_(0.5))O_(3) ((1-x)(0.8PZT-0.2PZN)- xBZT) ceramic to obtain excellent piezoelectric properties. The crystal phase structure and microstructure of ceramic samples were characterized. The results showed that all samples had a pure perovskite structure, and the addition of BZT gradually increased the grain size. The addition of BZT caused a phase transition in ceramic samples from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) towards the tetragonal phase region, which is crucial for optimizing piezoelectric properties. By adjusting content of BZT and precisely controlling position of the phase boundary, the piezoelectric performance can be optimized. Domain structure is one of the key factors affecting piezoelectric performance. By using domain engineering techniques to optimize grain size and domain size, piezoelectric properties of ceramic samples have been significantly improved. Specifically, excellent piezoelectric properties (piezoelectric constant d_(33)=320 pC/N, electromechanical coupling factor kp=0.44) were obtained simultaneously for x=0.08. Based on experimental results and theoretical analysis, influence mechanisms of phase boundary engineering and domain engineering on piezoelectric properties were explored. The study shows that addition of BZT not only promotes grain growth, but also optimizes the domain structure, enabling the polarization reversal process easier, thereby improving piezoelectric properties. These research results not only provide new ideas for the design of high-performance piezoelectric ceramics, but also lay a theoretical foundation for development of related electronic devices.
基金funded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department[QN2023085].
文摘Agricultural land development is a pivotal strategy for addressing the global food security crisis.Barren grassland,especially those in mountainous regions,constitutes critical areas where cultivation can substantially enhance land resources.This study highlights the necessity for a precise correlation between land development initiatives and constraints in order to optimize efficiency and enhance the effectiveness of such projects,with the core being the seamless integration of land development engineering and techniques to eliminate agricultural constraints.This study employs a systems engineering approach to classify improvement factors into mobile and fixed categories,elucidating the integration methods of constraint factors.Adhering to the Wooden Barrel Principle,these constraints were rigorously analyzed based on soil quality,land topography,water availability,and agricultural infrastructure.An innovative method of engineering type combination is proposed,which effectively explains the correlation between natural factors combination,project type combination,and target factors combination.It provides a convenient way for the selection of barren grassland development projects and lays a foundation for land planning,development project establishment,program selection,engineering design,and budget preparation.Taking Tang County of China as an example,it is divided into 19 factor improvement areas,a quick reference table of engineering types is established,and 14 main types of engineering combinations are obtained,which lays a foundation for the application of theoretical framework in practice.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,No.20242BAB26134(to XF)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82060638(to TC),82060222(to XF),82460237(to XF)+1 种基金the Major Disciplines of Academic and Technical Leaders Project of Jiangxi Province,Nos.20194BCJ22032(to TC),20213BCJL22049(to XF)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Health Planning Committee,No.202210390(to XF).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is characterized by synucleinopathy-associated neurodegeneration.Previous studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)has beneficial effects in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine.However,the effect of GLP-1 on intrinsic synuclein malfunction remains unclear.In this study,we investigated the effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism in SncaA53T transgenic mice and explored the underlying mechanisms.Our data showed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 inhibited dopaminergic neuronal death,reduced pathological aggregation ofα-synuclein,and decreased movement disorders in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Furthermore,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 downregulated lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation,reduced cerebral activation of microglia and astrocytes,and promoted cell survival via the GLP-1 receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway in the substantia nigra.Additionally,Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 decreased serum levels of pro-inflammatory molecules including lipopolysaccharide,lipopolysaccharide binding protein,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6.Gut histopathology and western blotting further revealed that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 increased the expression of gut integrity-related proteins and reduced lipopolysaccharide-related inflammation by reversing gut dysbiosis in SncaA53T transgenic mice.Our findings showed that the beneficial effect of Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 on parkinsonism traits in SncaA53T transgenic mice is mediated by microglial polarization and the reversal of dysbiosis.Collectively,our findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MG1363-pMG36e-GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
基金The 2023 Qingdao Institute of Technology Campus-Level Teaching and Research Project“Research on Project-Based Teaching Model for Engineering Majors in Colleges and Universities”(2023JY005)。
文摘Based on the study of the Mechanical Design and Automation major and its relevance to teaching reform in higher education engineering programs,a project-based teaching model was introduced.This approach integrates teaching design,scheme argumentation,and the implementation of teaching activities with the project serving as the central framework.Course knowledge points are derived from the project topics,forming the foundation for a structured knowledge framework.The course content is modularized in alignment with the project design,enabling students to engage with professional courses on a module-by-module basis,guided by the project.Each course utilizes the project topic as a practical case,facilitating project-led teaching.A teaching system tailored to the research project is proposed,establishing a professional course structure closely linked to the project objectives.
文摘Quantum software development utilizes quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to address problems that are challenging for classical systems.However,it must also adhere to critical quantum constraints,notably the no-cloning theorem,which prohibits the exact duplication of unknown quantum states and has profound implications for cryptography,secure communication,and error correction.While existing quantum circuit representations implicitly honor such constraints,they lack formal mechanisms for early-stage verification in software design.Addressing this constraint at the design phase is essential to ensure the correctness and reliability of quantum software.This paper presents a formal metamodeling framework using UML-style notation and and Object Constraint Language(OCL)to systematically capture and enforce the no-cloning theorem within quantum software models.The proposed metamodel formalizes key quantum concepts—such as entanglement and teleportation—and encodes enforceable invariants that reflect core quantum mechanical laws.The framework’s effectiveness is validated by analyzing two critical edge cases—conditional copying with CNOT gates and quantum teleportation—through instance model evaluations.These cases demonstrate that the metamodel can capture nuanced scenarios that are often mistaken as violations of the no-cloning theorem but are proven compliant under formal analysis.Thus,these serve as constructive validations that demonstrate the metamodel’s expressiveness and correctness in representing operations that may appear to challenge the no-cloning theorem but,upon rigorous analysis,are shown to comply with it.The approach supports early detection of conceptual design errors,promoting correctness prior to implementation.The framework’s extensibility is also demonstrated by modeling projective measurement,further reinforcing its applicability to broader quantum software engineering tasks.By integrating the rigor of metamodeling with fundamental quantum mechanical principles,this work provides a structured,model-driven approach that enables traditional software engineers to address quantum computing challenges.It offers practical insights into embedding quantum correctness at the modeling level and advances the development of reliable,error-resilient quantum software systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2021623,BK20220155)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2021623)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001665,U1903205,32021005)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YF0400303)the Key Scientific and Technological Research Projects in the Key Areas of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2018AB010)the Key Research and Development 303 Program of Ningxia(2020BFG02012)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Heparin,a glycosaminoglycan,is a stable source of carbon that supports the growth of microorganisms in the human intestine.It is also a commonly used anticoagulant drug in clinical practice,with significant therapeutic effects.Low molecular weight heparin(LMWH)is a highly active low molecular weight fragment obtained via enzymatic reaction or the chemical degradation of heparin.LMWH has been applied globally in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism in thrombosis patients.Simultaneously,as a potential prebiotic,because of its low molecular weight,LMWH can be well degraded by the gut microbiota to maintain intestinal balance.Enzymatic heparin degradation has recently emerged as a viable disposal method for LMWH preparation;however,only very few benchmark enzymes have been thoroughly described and subjected to protein engineering to improve their properties over the past few years.The commercialization of enzymes will require the development of robustly engineered enzymes that meet the demands of industrial processes.Herein,we report a rational protein engineering strategy that includes molecular dynamic simulations of flexible amino acid mutations and disulfide bond screening.Several Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron heparanase I(Bt-HepI)mutants were obtained and screened for high thermal stability.We obtained the Bt-HepI^(D204C/K208C/H189W/Q198R)variant,which features a stabilized protein surface structure,with a 1.3-fold increase in catalytic constant/michaelis-menten constant(k_(cat)/K_(m)),a 2.44-fold increase in thermal stability at 50℃,and a 1.8-fold decrease in the average molecular weight of LMWH produced at 40℃compared with that seen with Bt-HepI^(WT).Our study establishes a strategy to engineer thermostable HepI to underpin its industrial applications.
文摘Housing construction and municipal engineering have full lifecycle characteristics,involving multiple stages.Emphasizing the coherence and systematicity of each stage,the supervisor should establish a three-dimensional management system.Establishing quantitative evaluation models and visual monitoring schemes to ensure quality and safety,as well as introducing cost control methods and innovative collaborative management mechanisms,ultimately forming a supervision-led paradigm and proposing directions for the application of digital twin technology.
文摘This paper explores whole-process engineering consulting,including its application models in public buildings and elderly-friendly projects,such as service integration and whole lifecycle management.It also addresses the construction of multi-dimensional collaborative theoretical models,public space streamline organization,and other aspects,emphasizing the importance of multi-dimensional collaboration.Additionally,it highlights the role of talent cultivation and digital transformation in enhancing project efficiency.
基金partially supported by MRC(MC_PC_17171)Royal Society(RP202G0230)+8 种基金BHF(AA/18/3/34220)Hope Foundation for Cancer Research(RM60G0680)GCRF(20P2PF11)Sino-UK Industrial Fund(RP202G0289)LIAS(20P2ED10,20P2RE969)Data Science Enhancement Fund(20P2RE237)Fight for Sight(24NN201)Sino-UK Education Fund(OP202006)BBSRC(RM32G0178B8).
文摘The Bat algorithm,a metaheuristic optimization technique inspired by the foraging behaviour of bats,has been employed to tackle optimization problems.Known for its ease of implementation,parameter tunability,and strong global search capabilities,this algorithm finds application across diverse optimization problem domains.However,in the face of increasingly complex optimization challenges,the Bat algorithm encounters certain limitations,such as slow convergence and sensitivity to initial solutions.In order to tackle these challenges,the present study incorporates a range of optimization compo-nents into the Bat algorithm,thereby proposing a variant called PKEBA.A projection screening strategy is implemented to mitigate its sensitivity to initial solutions,thereby enhancing the quality of the initial solution set.A kinetic adaptation strategy reforms exploration patterns,while an elite communication strategy enhances group interaction,to avoid algorithm from local optima.Subsequently,the effectiveness of the proposed PKEBA is rigorously evaluated.Testing encompasses 30 benchmark functions from IEEE CEC2014,featuring ablation experiments and comparative assessments against classical algorithms and their variants.Moreover,real-world engineering problems are employed as further validation.The results conclusively demonstrate that PKEBA ex-hibits superior convergence and precision compared to existing algorithms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100400,2023YFE0104900)Xinjiang Agriculture Research System-Oil Crop Research System,China(XJARS-05)+3 种基金Taishan Industrial Experts Programme,China(tscx202306075)the Scientific and Technological Assistance Projects to Developing Countries,China(KY202201003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-IFST)The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Arawana Charity Foundation,China.
文摘Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.
文摘In the increasingly competitive construction market,the engineering quantity list pricing model,as an important way of project cost management,is of crucial significance for construction enterprises to control costs and enhance benefits.This study deeply analyzes the characteristics of engineering quantity list pricing,and elaborates on the dilemmas faced by construction enterprises in project cost control,such as lagging concepts,imperfect mechanisms,weak risk management and control,and lack of construction-stage management.Based on this,from the dimensions of strengthening management and control concepts,improving supervision mechanisms,enhancing risk management and control capabilities,and attaching importance to construction-stage cost management,this study proposes project cost management and control strategies that are in line with the actual situation of construction enterprises,aiming to promote construction enterprises to achieve scientific management and optimization of project costs under the engineering quantity list pricing model.
文摘The field of bone tissue engineering has experienced an increase in prevalence due to the inherent challenge of the natural regeneration of significant bone deformities.This investigation focused on the preparation of Three-Dimensional(3D)-printed Polycaprolactone(PCL)scaffolds with varying proportions of Nanohydroxyapatite(NHA)and Nanoclay(NC),and their physiochemical and biological properties were assessed.The mechanical properties of PCL are satisfactory;however,its hydrophobic nature and long-term degradation hinder its use in scaffold fabrication.NHA and NC have been employed to improve the hydrophilic characteristics,mechanical strength,adhesive properties,biocompatibility,biodegradability,and osteoconductive behavior of PCL.The morphology results demonstrated 3D-printed structures with interconnected rectangular macropores and proper nanoparticle distribution.The sample containing 70 wt%NC showed the highest porosity(65.98±2.54%),leading to an increased degradation rate.The compressive strength ranged from 10.65±1.90 to 84.93±9.93 MPa,which is directly proportional to the compressive strength of cancellous bone(2–12 MPa).The wettability,water uptake,and biodegradability of PCL scaffolds considerably improved as the amount of NC increased.The results of the cellular assays exhibited increased proliferation,viability,and adhesion of MG-63 cells due to the addition of NHA and NC to the scaffolds.Finally,according to the in vitro results,it can be concluded that 3D-printed samples with higher amounts of NC can be regarded as a suitable scaffold for expediting the regeneration process of bone defects.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20231342,BK20210867)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22008163)+1 种基金Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment(SKLPEE–KF202309)Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(21KJB150038).
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))photosynthesis represents an advanced on-site production method with significant potential for on-demand supply.However,various challenges hinder the efficiency of H_(2)O_(2) yield,including weak oxygen adsorption capacity,reliance on sacrificial agents,low charge separation and transfer efficiency.In this regard,doping design and defect engineering have emerged as robust and effective strategies for catalyst modification,particularly through their synergistic effects.Additionally,advanced in situ characterization techniques for investigating reaction mechanisms are gaining momentum.Herein,this review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals and challenges associated with photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production,and highlights the advantages of doping and defect engineering.Subsequently,it outlines preparation methods and applications of these strategies.More importantly,it emphasizes the advanced characterization techniques utilized to validate doping and defects,as well as to investigate underlying mechanisms.Finally,the potential prospects and challenges of this reaction are anticipated.This review aims to offer valuable insights for researchers from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
