Reducing the risk of fraud in credit card transactions is crucial for the competitiveness of companies,especially in Latin American countries.This study aims to establish measures for preventing and detecting fraud in...Reducing the risk of fraud in credit card transactions is crucial for the competitiveness of companies,especially in Latin American countries.This study aims to establish measures for preventing and detecting fraud in the use of credit cards in shops through analytical methods(data mining,machine learning and artificial intelligence).To achieve this objective,the study employs a predictive methodology using descriptive and exploratory statistics and frequency,frequency&monetary(RFM)classification techniques,differentiating between SMEs and large businesses via cluster analysis and supervised models.A dataset of 221,292 card records from a Latin American merchant payment gateway for the year 2022 is used.For fraud alerts,the classification model has been selected for small and medium–sized merchants,and the multilayer perceptron(MLP)neural network has been selected for large merchants.Random forest or Gini decision tree models have been selected as backup models for retraining.For the detection of punctual fraud patterns,the K-means and partitioning around medoids(PAM)models have been selected,depending on the type of trade.The results revealed that the application of the identified models would have prevented between 48 and 85%of fraud transactions,depending on the trade size.Despite the promising results,continuous updating is recommended,as fraudsters frequently implement new fraud techniques.展开更多
Preventing the recurrence of lung oligometastases after local therapy in patients with colorectal cancer is an area requiring investigation.A recent article demonstrated that adding capecitabine maintenance therapy af...Preventing the recurrence of lung oligometastases after local therapy in patients with colorectal cancer is an area requiring investigation.A recent article demonstrated that adding capecitabine maintenance therapy after radiofrequency ablation improved the 5-year overall survival(88.7%vs 69.1%)and reduced local tumor progression(22.7%vs 49.0%)compared with radiofrequency ablation alone.Although progression-free survival did not differ significantly between the two treatments,multivariate analysis confirmed a robust survival benefit.These findings support the use of systemic maintenance to eradicate micrometastases after locoregional control and warrant validation in prospective randomized trials.展开更多
This editorial comment on the article by Agidew et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.Breast cancer remains a growing challenge in Ethiopia,where high mortality results from low awareness...This editorial comment on the article by Agidew et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.Breast cancer remains a growing challenge in Ethiopia,where high mortality results from low awareness,delayed diagnosis,and restricted healthcare access.Agidew et al report that women with a family history of breast disease exhibit significantly higher levels of knowledge(83.9%vs 10.5%),more positive attitudes(49%vs 32.1%),and greater engagement in pre-ventive practices(74.1%vs 16.7%).However,with 69%-79%of women living below the poverty line,socioeconomic barriers severely limit preventive actions.Education,income,and community health insurance emerge as key predictors of health behaviors.We propose integrated interventions including deploying co-mmunity-based approaches,culturally tailored education,and artificial intelli-gence-powered education tools,to bridge knowledge gaps and transform aware-ness into action.This multifaceted strategy offers a scalable model for resource-limited settings globally,addressing both individual awareness and structural barriers to improve breast cancer outcomes.展开更多
This article examines the progress in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly individuals in communities from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Through a systematic review...This article examines the progress in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly individuals in communities from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Through a systematic review of recent related studies,it analyzes new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease within TCM and summarizes novel methods and achievements in the prevention and treatment of the disease using TCM.Based on the TCM principles of“preventive treatment”and holistic health,innovative intervention models with Chinese characteristics,such as the“brain-heart-kidney axis”and“brain-gut connection,”have shown new breakthroughs in improving cognitive function and slowing disease progression.The article also explores the benefits of shifting preventive and therapeutic measures to earlier stages,contributing to the establishment of an integrated community prevention model of“prevention-intervention-rehabilitation.”展开更多
This study explores engineering risk prevention and control in electromechanical engineering from the technical management perspective.It elaborates on technical management’s role,core concepts,critical risks,and var...This study explores engineering risk prevention and control in electromechanical engineering from the technical management perspective.It elaborates on technical management’s role,core concepts,critical risks,and various strategies like fail-safe design,predictive maintenance,ISO-compliant workflows.It also emphasizes future research areas such as AI-driven predictive risk modeling and cross-disciplinary management frameworks.展开更多
Under the background of increasingly complex global economic development and financial markets,the legal risks faced by enterprises are increasingly intensified.As an important legal norm to adjust financial activitie...Under the background of increasingly complex global economic development and financial markets,the legal risks faced by enterprises are increasingly intensified.As an important legal norm to adjust financial activities,financial law has put forward higher requirements for the operation and risk management of enterprises.Therefore,the article will start from the concept of internal legal risk prevention and control under the financial perspective,study and analyze the common internal legal risks and the causes of risks,and put forward the specific measures of prevention and control of internal legal risks.展开更多
This retrospective cohort study from Rwanda demonstrated the likelihood of maternal disclosure and peer support in preventing mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission.High sustained maternal viral...This retrospective cohort study from Rwanda demonstrated the likelihood of maternal disclosure and peer support in preventing mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission.High sustained maternal viral load suppression(91.0%)and exceptional infant testing uptake(100%at 6 weeks)correlated with a low 0.7%infant HIV incidence.To eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,effective strategies must engage male partners in disclosure,reduce stigma,improve health literacy,and provide structural peer-support for enhancing adherence and mental health.展开更多
AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supple...AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage,intervention duration,and geographical variation on intervention results.METHODS:A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies.A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses,intervention periods,and geographic areas.Additionally,publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed.Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group(SMD=-0.40,P=0.001),an increase in macular pigment optical density(SMD=0.50,P=0.010),and an enhancement in visual sensitivity(SMD=0.53,P=0.008).Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups(high-dose vs low-dose:SMD=-0.41 vs-0.22,P=0.003;>12mo vs 6-12mo:SMD=-0.43 vs-0.23,P=0.004,respectively).Furthermore,Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.094).CONCLUSION:Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents,with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions.The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehe...BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehensively assess the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in reducing PEP risk.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared rectal indomethacin with a control group to prevent PEP.Duplicates were removed,and studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria.We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias in the RCTs.A random-effects model was applied to produce pooled risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 30 RCTs involving 16977 patients.Compared to the control group,rectal indomethacin showed comparable rates of overall PEP(PEP;RR=0.85,95%CI:0.69-1.04,I2=79%)with no statistically significant difference of RR in mild(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.74-1.14),moderate(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.59-1.02),or severe PEP(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.75-1.67).There was also no difference in cases of adverse events(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.69-1.35),abdominal pain(RR=1.14,95%CI:0.80-1.62),bleeding(RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70-1.63),or mortality(RR=0.86,95%CI:0.56-1.33)between the two groups.Subgroup analyses were also performed.CONCLUSION Rectal indomethacin appears to be safe and may offer benefit in selected high-risk patients,though findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity.展开更多
This study concerns the heat transfer processes during ice accretion on wires. The steady state heat balance equation assumed to describe the thermodynamics at the surface of a current heated wire subjected to icing i...This study concerns the heat transfer processes during ice accretion on wires. The steady state heat balance equation assumed to describe the thermodynamics at the surface of a current heated wire subjected to icing is obtained by analyzing and computing each terms of heat flux. The surface temperature of wire is derived from the heat balance equation, which gives out a proposed estimation of the current intensity to prevent the wire icing展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer.CRC is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide,as well as one of the most deadly.Approximately 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC,and 609051 die from CRC annually.The World Health Organization estimates an increase of77%in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRCand an increase of 80%in deaths from CRC by 2030.The incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage:health promotion through health education campaigns(when the disease is not yet present),the implementation of screening programs(for detection of the disease in its early stages),and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics(age,sex)and the cancer itself(gene expression).Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application,not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs;the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test(FOBT),colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.FOBT is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in Europe.Due to its non-invasive nature and low cost,it is one of the most accepted techniques by population.CRC is a very heterogeneous disease,and with a few exceptions(APC,p53,KRAS),most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of cases.The design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable strategy.In recent years,the use of DNA,RNA and protein markers in different biological samples has been explored as strategies for CRC diagnosis.Although there is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend the analysis of biomarkers such as DNA,RNA or proteins in the blood or stool,it is likely that given the quick progression of technology tools in molecular biology,increasingly sensitive and less expensive,these tools will gradually be employed in clinical practice and will likely be developed in mass.展开更多
In this review,we offer a concise overview of liver cancer epidemiology in China and worldwide from the official databases of GLOBOCAN 2020 and the National Cancer Registry in China.We also summarized the evidence for...In this review,we offer a concise overview of liver cancer epidemiology in China and worldwide from the official databases of GLOBOCAN 2020 and the National Cancer Registry in China.We also summarized the evidence for the main risk factors associated with liver cancer risk and discuss strategies implemented in China to control the liver cancer burden.Overall,liver cancer was the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020.Although China contributed to nearly half of cases across the world alone,the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer presented a declining trend owing to the persistent efforts from the governments at all levels.The current liver cancer burden in China still faces an arduous challenge due to the relatively large population base as well as the substantially low survival rate(12.1%).To better control the liver cancer burden with the lowest cost,specific measures should be conducted by reducing exposure to established risk factors such as hepatitis B infection and aflatoxin.The promotion of surveillance is also an important method to prolong the survival of liver cancer.This review will provide basic information for future direction on the control of liver cancer burden.展开更多
Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prev...Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prevention knowledge and EC screening participation rates(PRs).Methods: : Data in the analyses were obtained from a population-based cancer screening program in four provinces in China since 2007. In the course of 2007-2016, participants who were evaluated as high risk for EC and subsequently recommended for endoscopy examination were included in the final analysis. One-way analysis of variance test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: : A total of 28,543 individuals assessed as high-risk population for EC were included in this study, with13,036 males(45.67%) and 15,507 females(54.33%). The prevalence rates of current smoking and alcohol drinking were higher in males(58.25% and 44.22%, respectively) than in females(5.35% and 4.05%, respectively).Participants of females, and those who had older age, lower income, as well as higher education level and cancer prevention knowledge level were more likely to undergo endoscopy. Multivariable analysis showed that higher cancer prevention knowledge was associated with higher PR for endoscopic screening [adjusted odd ratio(aORQ4/Q1) =1.511, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.398-1.632] among our study subjects. This association between cancer prevention knowledge and compliance with endoscopic screening also tends to be strong within subgroups of males, females, aged below 60 years, aged 60 years and above, and lower level of education(illiterate individuals and those with junior high education or less).Conclusions: : Our results displayed a positive relationship between cancer prevention knowledge and PRs for endoscopic screening, implying cancer prevention awareness being an independent influence factor for compliance with EC screening. Promoting public campaigns about comprehensive knowledge of cancer prevention seemed to be a reasonable and effective strategy to improve population PRs for EC screening.展开更多
The accurate prediction of the typhoon （hurricane） induced extreme sea environments is very important for the coastal structure design in areas influenced by typhoon （hurricane）. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina brought ...The accurate prediction of the typhoon （hurricane） induced extreme sea environments is very important for the coastal structure design in areas influenced by typhoon （hurricane）. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina brought a severe catastrophe in New Orleans by combined effects of hurricane induced extreme sea environments and upper flood of the Mississippi River. Like the New Orleans City, Shanghai is located at the estuarine area of the Changjiang River and the combined effect of typhoon induced extreme sea en- vironments, flood peak runoff from the Changjiang River coupled with the spring tide is the dominate factor for disaster prevention design criteria. The Poisson-nested logistic trivariate compound extreme value distribution （PNLTCEYD） is a new type of joint probability model which is proposed by compounding a discrete distribution （typhoon occurring frequency） into a continuous multivariate joint distribution （ typhoon induced extreme events）. The new model gives more reasonable predicted results for New Orleans and Shanghai disaster prevention design criteria.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other T...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes(Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.展开更多
Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immun...Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC.CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapyinduced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic,and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.展开更多
Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication often associated with portal hypertension,commonly due to liver cirrhosis.Prevention and treatment of this condition are critical for patient outcomes.Preventive s...Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication often associated with portal hypertension,commonly due to liver cirrhosis.Prevention and treatment of this condition are critical for patient outcomes.Preventive strategies focus on reducing portal hypertension to prevent varices from developing or enlarging.Primary prophylaxis involves the use of non-selective beta-blockers,such as propranolol or nadolol,which lower portal pressure by decreasing cardiac output and thereby reducing blood flow to the varices.Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)may also be employed as primary prophylaxis to prevent initial bleeding episodes.Once bleeding occurs,immediate treatment is essential.Initial management includes hemodynamic stabilization followed by pharmacological therapy with vasoactive drugs such as octreotide or terlipressin to control bleeding.Endoscopic intervention is the cornerstone of treatment,with techniques such as EVL or sclerotherapy applied to directly manage the bleeding varices.In cases where bleeding is refractory to endoscopic treatment,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be considered to effectively reduce portal pressure.Long-term management after an acute bleeding episode involves secondary prophylaxis using betablockers and repeated EVL sessions to prevent rebleeding,complemented by monitoring and managing liver function to address the underlying disease.In light of new scientific evidence,including the findings of the study by Peng et al,this editorial aims to review available strategies for the prevention and treatment of esophageal varices.展开更多
Variceal bleeding is a life threatening situation with mortality rates of at least 20%. Prophylactic treatment with non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs) is recommended for patients with small varices that have not bled ...Variceal bleeding is a life threatening situation with mortality rates of at least 20%. Prophylactic treatment with non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs) is recommended for patients with small varices that have not bled but with increased risk for bleeding. The recommended treatment strategies on primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with medium and largesized varices are NSBBs or endoscopic band ligation. Nitrates, shunt surgery and sclerotherapy are not recommended in this setting. In this review, the most recent data on prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding are presented. Available data derived from randomized-controlled trials suggest both treatment strategies, and according to Baveno V consensus in portal hypertension "the choice of treatment should be based on local resources and expertise, patient preference and characteristics, side-effects and contra-indications".展开更多
The prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to increase worldwide,bringing with it various metabolic,functional,social,and psychological complications.1 Both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity must be...The prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to increase worldwide,bringing with it various metabolic,functional,social,and psychological complications.1 Both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity must be based on multidisciplinary approaches combining nutrition,physical activity(PA),and psychological support.2 As an essential element of these multicomponent strategies,regular physical activity has been acknowledged as having beneficial effects on children's and adolescents,body composition,physical fitness,and metabolic profile,as well as on their health-related quality of life,social and psychological health,and academic achievement.3,4 Given that only a relatively small proportion of children and adolescents meet the public health recommendations for PA,5 and given that weight loss exercise-based interventions suffer from a high attrition rate,there is a clear need for appropriate PAs.展开更多
Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiatio...Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead to identification of new chemopreventive agents for protection against broad spectrum of exposures.展开更多
基金supported by project Finance for all(F4A),funded by the"Institución Gran Duque de Alba"and"Diputación provincial deávila"under the grant 3364/2022.
文摘Reducing the risk of fraud in credit card transactions is crucial for the competitiveness of companies,especially in Latin American countries.This study aims to establish measures for preventing and detecting fraud in the use of credit cards in shops through analytical methods(data mining,machine learning and artificial intelligence).To achieve this objective,the study employs a predictive methodology using descriptive and exploratory statistics and frequency,frequency&monetary(RFM)classification techniques,differentiating between SMEs and large businesses via cluster analysis and supervised models.A dataset of 221,292 card records from a Latin American merchant payment gateway for the year 2022 is used.For fraud alerts,the classification model has been selected for small and medium–sized merchants,and the multilayer perceptron(MLP)neural network has been selected for large merchants.Random forest or Gini decision tree models have been selected as backup models for retraining.For the detection of punctual fraud patterns,the K-means and partitioning around medoids(PAM)models have been selected,depending on the type of trade.The results revealed that the application of the identified models would have prevented between 48 and 85%of fraud transactions,depending on the trade size.Despite the promising results,continuous updating is recommended,as fraudsters frequently implement new fraud techniques.
文摘Preventing the recurrence of lung oligometastases after local therapy in patients with colorectal cancer is an area requiring investigation.A recent article demonstrated that adding capecitabine maintenance therapy after radiofrequency ablation improved the 5-year overall survival(88.7%vs 69.1%)and reduced local tumor progression(22.7%vs 49.0%)compared with radiofrequency ablation alone.Although progression-free survival did not differ significantly between the two treatments,multivariate analysis confirmed a robust survival benefit.These findings support the use of systemic maintenance to eradicate micrometastases after locoregional control and warrant validation in prospective randomized trials.
文摘This editorial comment on the article by Agidew et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.Breast cancer remains a growing challenge in Ethiopia,where high mortality results from low awareness,delayed diagnosis,and restricted healthcare access.Agidew et al report that women with a family history of breast disease exhibit significantly higher levels of knowledge(83.9%vs 10.5%),more positive attitudes(49%vs 32.1%),and greater engagement in pre-ventive practices(74.1%vs 16.7%).However,with 69%-79%of women living below the poverty line,socioeconomic barriers severely limit preventive actions.Education,income,and community health insurance emerge as key predictors of health behaviors.We propose integrated interventions including deploying co-mmunity-based approaches,culturally tailored education,and artificial intelli-gence-powered education tools,to bridge knowledge gaps and transform aware-ness into action.This multifaceted strategy offers a scalable model for resource-limited settings globally,addressing both individual awareness and structural barriers to improve breast cancer outcomes.
基金Shanghai Pudong New District“National Traditional Chinese Medicine Development Comprehensive Reform Experimental Zone”Construction Project(Project No.:PDZY-2024-1003)Shanghai Pudong New District“National Traditional Chinese Medicine Heritage and Innovation Experimental Zone”Project(Project No.:PDZY-2025-0804)。
文摘This article examines the progress in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly individuals in communities from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Through a systematic review of recent related studies,it analyzes new insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease within TCM and summarizes novel methods and achievements in the prevention and treatment of the disease using TCM.Based on the TCM principles of“preventive treatment”and holistic health,innovative intervention models with Chinese characteristics,such as the“brain-heart-kidney axis”and“brain-gut connection,”have shown new breakthroughs in improving cognitive function and slowing disease progression.The article also explores the benefits of shifting preventive and therapeutic measures to earlier stages,contributing to the establishment of an integrated community prevention model of“prevention-intervention-rehabilitation.”
文摘This study explores engineering risk prevention and control in electromechanical engineering from the technical management perspective.It elaborates on technical management’s role,core concepts,critical risks,and various strategies like fail-safe design,predictive maintenance,ISO-compliant workflows.It also emphasizes future research areas such as AI-driven predictive risk modeling and cross-disciplinary management frameworks.
文摘Under the background of increasingly complex global economic development and financial markets,the legal risks faced by enterprises are increasingly intensified.As an important legal norm to adjust financial activities,financial law has put forward higher requirements for the operation and risk management of enterprises.Therefore,the article will start from the concept of internal legal risk prevention and control under the financial perspective,study and analyze the common internal legal risks and the causes of risks,and put forward the specific measures of prevention and control of internal legal risks.
文摘This retrospective cohort study from Rwanda demonstrated the likelihood of maternal disclosure and peer support in preventing mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)transmission.High sustained maternal viral load suppression(91.0%)and exceptional infant testing uptake(100%at 6 weeks)correlated with a low 0.7%infant HIV incidence.To eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV,effective strategies must engage male partners in disclosure,reduce stigma,improve health literacy,and provide structural peer-support for enhancing adherence and mental health.
文摘AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage,intervention duration,and geographical variation on intervention results.METHODS:A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies.A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses,intervention periods,and geographic areas.Additionally,publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed.Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group(SMD=-0.40,P=0.001),an increase in macular pigment optical density(SMD=0.50,P=0.010),and an enhancement in visual sensitivity(SMD=0.53,P=0.008).Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups(high-dose vs low-dose:SMD=-0.41 vs-0.22,P=0.003;>12mo vs 6-12mo:SMD=-0.43 vs-0.23,P=0.004,respectively).Furthermore,Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.094).CONCLUSION:Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents,with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions.The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis(PEP)is a prevalent and potentially serious complication in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.AIM To comprehensively assess the efficacy of indomethacin therapy in reducing PEP risk.METHODS We searched PubMed,EMBASE,Scopus,and Cochrane Library databases to identify randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that compared rectal indomethacin with a control group to prevent PEP.Duplicates were removed,and studies were included based on the established inclusion criteria.We used the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool to assess the risk of bias in the RCTs.A random-effects model was applied to produce pooled risk ratios(RRs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS We included a total of 30 RCTs involving 16977 patients.Compared to the control group,rectal indomethacin showed comparable rates of overall PEP(PEP;RR=0.85,95%CI:0.69-1.04,I2=79%)with no statistically significant difference of RR in mild(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.74-1.14),moderate(RR=0.78,95%CI:0.59-1.02),or severe PEP(RR=1.12,95%CI:0.75-1.67).There was also no difference in cases of adverse events(RR=0.97,95%CI:0.69-1.35),abdominal pain(RR=1.14,95%CI:0.80-1.62),bleeding(RR=1.07,95%CI:0.70-1.63),or mortality(RR=0.86,95%CI:0.56-1.33)between the two groups.Subgroup analyses were also performed.CONCLUSION Rectal indomethacin appears to be safe and may offer benefit in selected high-risk patients,though findings should be interpreted with caution due to high heterogeneity.
文摘This study concerns the heat transfer processes during ice accretion on wires. The steady state heat balance equation assumed to describe the thermodynamics at the surface of a current heated wire subjected to icing is obtained by analyzing and computing each terms of heat flux. The surface temperature of wire is derived from the heat balance equation, which gives out a proposed estimation of the current intensity to prevent the wire icing
基金Supported by Partially funded by the Carlos Ⅲ Health Institute No.PI11/01593
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.CRC develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive cancer.CRC is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide,as well as one of the most deadly.Approximately 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC,and 609051 die from CRC annually.The World Health Organization estimates an increase of77%in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRCand an increase of 80%in deaths from CRC by 2030.The incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage:health promotion through health education campaigns(when the disease is not yet present),the implementation of screening programs(for detection of the disease in its early stages),and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics(age,sex)and the cancer itself(gene expression).Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application,not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs;the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test(FOBT),colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy.FOBT is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in Europe.Due to its non-invasive nature and low cost,it is one of the most accepted techniques by population.CRC is a very heterogeneous disease,and with a few exceptions(APC,p53,KRAS),most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of cases.The design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable strategy.In recent years,the use of DNA,RNA and protein markers in different biological samples has been explored as strategies for CRC diagnosis.Although there is not yet sufficient evidence to recommend the analysis of biomarkers such as DNA,RNA or proteins in the blood or stool,it is likely that given the quick progression of technology tools in molecular biology,increasingly sensitive and less expensive,these tools will gradually be employed in clinical practice and will likely be developed in mass.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974492)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273721)the Sanming project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201911015)。
文摘In this review,we offer a concise overview of liver cancer epidemiology in China and worldwide from the official databases of GLOBOCAN 2020 and the National Cancer Registry in China.We also summarized the evidence for the main risk factors associated with liver cancer risk and discuss strategies implemented in China to control the liver cancer burden.Overall,liver cancer was the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020.Although China contributed to nearly half of cases across the world alone,the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer presented a declining trend owing to the persistent efforts from the governments at all levels.The current liver cancer burden in China still faces an arduous challenge due to the relatively large population base as well as the substantially low survival rate(12.1%).To better control the liver cancer burden with the lowest cost,specific measures should be conducted by reducing exposure to established risk factors such as hepatitis B infection and aflatoxin.The promotion of surveillance is also an important method to prolong the survival of liver cancer.This review will provide basic information for future direction on the control of liver cancer burden.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1313100)the Special Fund for Health Research in the Public Interest (No. 201612M-2-004)
文摘Objective: : China have implemented population-based esophageal cancer(EC) screening programs, however,the participant rates were relatively low. This study was conducted to examine the association between cancer prevention knowledge and EC screening participation rates(PRs).Methods: : Data in the analyses were obtained from a population-based cancer screening program in four provinces in China since 2007. In the course of 2007-2016, participants who were evaluated as high risk for EC and subsequently recommended for endoscopy examination were included in the final analysis. One-way analysis of variance test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were applied.Results: : A total of 28,543 individuals assessed as high-risk population for EC were included in this study, with13,036 males(45.67%) and 15,507 females(54.33%). The prevalence rates of current smoking and alcohol drinking were higher in males(58.25% and 44.22%, respectively) than in females(5.35% and 4.05%, respectively).Participants of females, and those who had older age, lower income, as well as higher education level and cancer prevention knowledge level were more likely to undergo endoscopy. Multivariable analysis showed that higher cancer prevention knowledge was associated with higher PR for endoscopic screening [adjusted odd ratio(aORQ4/Q1) =1.511, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.398-1.632] among our study subjects. This association between cancer prevention knowledge and compliance with endoscopic screening also tends to be strong within subgroups of males, females, aged below 60 years, aged 60 years and above, and lower level of education(illiterate individuals and those with junior high education or less).Conclusions: : Our results displayed a positive relationship between cancer prevention knowledge and PRs for endoscopic screening, implying cancer prevention awareness being an independent influence factor for compliance with EC screening. Promoting public campaigns about comprehensive knowledge of cancer prevention seemed to be a reasonable and effective strategy to improve population PRs for EC screening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.50379051.
文摘The accurate prediction of the typhoon （hurricane） induced extreme sea environments is very important for the coastal structure design in areas influenced by typhoon （hurricane）. In 2005 Hurricane Katrina brought a severe catastrophe in New Orleans by combined effects of hurricane induced extreme sea environments and upper flood of the Mississippi River. Like the New Orleans City, Shanghai is located at the estuarine area of the Changjiang River and the combined effect of typhoon induced extreme sea en- vironments, flood peak runoff from the Changjiang River coupled with the spring tide is the dominate factor for disaster prevention design criteria. The Poisson-nested logistic trivariate compound extreme value distribution （PNLTCEYD） is a new type of joint probability model which is proposed by compounding a discrete distribution （typhoon occurring frequency） into a continuous multivariate joint distribution （ typhoon induced extreme events）. The new model gives more reasonable predicted results for New Orleans and Shanghai disaster prevention design criteria.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81273726 and 81473625Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZY3-CCCX-3-3025
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has played a positive role in the management of hepatocarcinoma. Hepatocarcinoma patients may present Qi-stagnation, damp-heat, blood stasis, Qi-deficiency, Yin-deficiency and other TCM syndromes(Zheng). Modern treatments such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) and high intensity focus ultrasound treatment would influence the manifestation of TCM syndromes. Herbs with traditional efficacy of tonifying Qi, blood and Yin, soothing liver-Qi stagnation, clearing heat and detoxifying and dissolving stasis, have been demonstrated to be potent to prevent hepatocarcinogenesis. TCM has been widely used in all aspects of integrative therapy in hepatocarcinoma, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, TACE, local ablative therapies and even as monotherapy for middle-advanced stage hepatocarcinoma. Clinical practices have confirmed that TCM is effective to alleviate clinical symptoms, improve quality of life and immune function, prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival time in hepatocarcinoma patients. The effective mechanism of TCM against hepatocarcinoma is related to inducing apoptosis, autophagy, anoikis and cell senescence, arresting cell cycle, regulating immune function, inhibiting metastasis and angiogenesis, reversing drug resistance and enhancing effects of chemotherapy. Along with the progress of research in this field, TCM will contribute more to the prevention and treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
基金supported by the grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703803 and 81720108033)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No. 2017A030310464),which paid for planning and collection of literature+1 种基金by the Project of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (No. QNYC20190103)Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine (No.2018B030322011),which paid for writing and submitting the article for publication。
文摘Worldwide, colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, leading to immense social and economic burdens. Currently, the main treatments for CRC include surgery, chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, the prognosis for CRC patients remains poor. Furthermore, the occurrence of side effects and toxicities severely limits the clinical use of these therapies. Therefore, alternative medications with high efficacy but few side effects are needed. An increasing number of modern pharmacological studies and clinical trials have supported the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs) for the prevention and treatment of CRC.CHMs may be able to effectively reduce the risk of CRC, alleviate the adverse reactions caused by chemotherapy, and prolong the survival time of patients with advanced CRC. Studies of molecular mechanisms have provided deeper insight into the roles of molecules from CHMs in treating CRC. This paper summarizes the current understanding of the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC, the main molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, the role of CHMs in modulating chemotherapyinduced adverse reactions, and CHM's potential role in epigenetic regulation of CRC. The current study provides beneficial information on the use of CHMs for the prevention and treatment of CRC in the clinic,and suggests novel directions for new drug discovery against CRC.
文摘Esophageal variceal bleeding is a severe complication often associated with portal hypertension,commonly due to liver cirrhosis.Prevention and treatment of this condition are critical for patient outcomes.Preventive strategies focus on reducing portal hypertension to prevent varices from developing or enlarging.Primary prophylaxis involves the use of non-selective beta-blockers,such as propranolol or nadolol,which lower portal pressure by decreasing cardiac output and thereby reducing blood flow to the varices.Endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL)may also be employed as primary prophylaxis to prevent initial bleeding episodes.Once bleeding occurs,immediate treatment is essential.Initial management includes hemodynamic stabilization followed by pharmacological therapy with vasoactive drugs such as octreotide or terlipressin to control bleeding.Endoscopic intervention is the cornerstone of treatment,with techniques such as EVL or sclerotherapy applied to directly manage the bleeding varices.In cases where bleeding is refractory to endoscopic treatment,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may be considered to effectively reduce portal pressure.Long-term management after an acute bleeding episode involves secondary prophylaxis using betablockers and repeated EVL sessions to prevent rebleeding,complemented by monitoring and managing liver function to address the underlying disease.In light of new scientific evidence,including the findings of the study by Peng et al,this editorial aims to review available strategies for the prevention and treatment of esophageal varices.
文摘Variceal bleeding is a life threatening situation with mortality rates of at least 20%. Prophylactic treatment with non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs) is recommended for patients with small varices that have not bled but with increased risk for bleeding. The recommended treatment strategies on primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with medium and largesized varices are NSBBs or endoscopic band ligation. Nitrates, shunt surgery and sclerotherapy are not recommended in this setting. In this review, the most recent data on prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding are presented. Available data derived from randomized-controlled trials suggest both treatment strategies, and according to Baveno V consensus in portal hypertension "the choice of treatment should be based on local resources and expertise, patient preference and characteristics, side-effects and contra-indications".
文摘The prevalence of pediatric obesity continues to increase worldwide,bringing with it various metabolic,functional,social,and psychological complications.1 Both the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity must be based on multidisciplinary approaches combining nutrition,physical activity(PA),and psychological support.2 As an essential element of these multicomponent strategies,regular physical activity has been acknowledged as having beneficial effects on children's and adolescents,body composition,physical fitness,and metabolic profile,as well as on their health-related quality of life,social and psychological health,and academic achievement.3,4 Given that only a relatively small proportion of children and adolescents meet the public health recommendations for PA,5 and given that weight loss exercise-based interventions suffer from a high attrition rate,there is a clear need for appropriate PAs.
文摘Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead to identification of new chemopreventive agents for protection against broad spectrum of exposures.
