We model an epidemic with a class of nonhomogeneous Markov chains on the supercritical percolation network on Zd. The large deviations law for the Markov chain is given. Explicit expression of the rate function for la...We model an epidemic with a class of nonhomogeneous Markov chains on the supercritical percolation network on Zd. The large deviations law for the Markov chain is given. Explicit expression of the rate function for large deviation is obtained.展开更多
Metallic nanowires have served as novel materials for soft electronics due to their outstanding mechanical compliance and electrical properties.However,weak adhesion and low mechanical robustness of nanowire networks ...Metallic nanowires have served as novel materials for soft electronics due to their outstanding mechanical compliance and electrical properties.However,weak adhesion and low mechanical robustness of nanowire networks to substrates significantly undermine their reliability,necessitating the use of an insulating protective layer,which greatly limits their utility.Herein,we present a versatile and generalized laser-based process that simultaneously achieves strong adhesion and mechanical robustness of nanowire networks on diverse substrates without the need for a protective layer.In this method,the laser-induced photothermal energy at the interface between the nanowire network and the substrate facilitates the interpenetration of the nanowire network and the polymer matrix,resulting in mechanical interlocking through percolation.This mechanism is broadly applicable across different metallic nanowires and thermoplastic substrates,significantly enhancing its universality in diverse applications.Thereby,we demonstrated the mechanical robustness of nanowires in reusable wearable physiological sensors on the skin without compromising the performance of the sensor.Furthermore,enhanced robustness and electrical conductivity by the laser-induced interlocking enables a stable functionalization of conducting polymers in a wet environment,broadening its application into various electrochemical devices.展开更多
We study the percolation transition in a one-species cluster aggregation network model, in which the parameter α describes the suppression on the cluster sizes. It is found that the model can exhibit four types of pe...We study the percolation transition in a one-species cluster aggregation network model, in which the parameter α describes the suppression on the cluster sizes. It is found that the model can exhibit four types of percolation transitions, two continuous percolation transitions and two discontinuous ones. Continuous and discontinuous percolation transitions can be distinguished from each other by the largest single jump. Two types of continuous percolation transitions show different behaviors in the time gap. Two types of discontinuous percolation transitions are different in the time evolution of the cluster size distribution. Moreover, we also find that the time gap may also be a measure to distinguish different discontinuous percolations in this model.展开更多
Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries suffer from electrochemo-mechanical damage to Ni-rich oxide-based cathode active materials(CAMs),primarily caused by severe volume changes,results in significant stress ...Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries suffer from electrochemo-mechanical damage to Ni-rich oxide-based cathode active materials(CAMs),primarily caused by severe volume changes,results in significant stress and strain,causes micro-cracks and interfacial contact loss at potentials>4.3 V(vs.Li/Li^(+)).Quantifying micro-cracks and voids in CAMs can reveal the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich oxidebased cathodes during electrochemical cycling.Nonetheless,the origin of electrochemical-mechanical damage remains unclear.Herein,We have developed a multifunctional PEG-based soft buffer layer(SBL)on the surface of carbon black(CB).This layer functions as a percolation network in the single crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl composite cathode layer,ensuring superior ionic conductivity,reducing void formation and particle cracking,and promoting uniform utilization of the cathode active material in all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).High-angle annular dark-field STEM combined with nanoscale X-ray holo-tomography and plasma-focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the PEG-based SBL mitigated strain induced by reaction heterogeneity in the cathode.This strain produces lattice stretches,distortions,and curved transition metal oxide layers near the surface,contributing to structural degradation at elevated voltages.Consequently,ASSLBs with a LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode containing LCCB-10(CB/PEG mass ratio:100/10)demonstrate a high areal capacity(2.53 mAh g^(-1)/0.32 mA g^(-1))and remarkable rate capability(0.58 mAh g^(-1)at 1.4 mA g^(-1)),with88%capacity retention over 1000 cycles.展开更多
The changes of resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete at different temperatures were studied,and positive temperature coefficient（PTC）modelwas established to estimate the influence of temperature on the resistiv...The changes of resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete at different temperatures were studied,and positive temperature coefficient（PTC）modelwas established to estimate the influence of temperature on the resistivity quantitatively,which eliminated the interference with conductivity evaluation brought by temperature variation.Finally,the analysis of temperature cycling test results proves that the changes of percolation network structure caused by temperature variation prompt the emergence of PTC of conductive asphalt concrete.展开更多
This paper analyzes the anomalous power-law dependence of the ultrasound attenuation on frequency by means of a percolation model. It was suggested that the anomaLous ultrasound attenuation is associated with strongly...This paper analyzes the anomalous power-law dependence of the ultrasound attenuation on frequency by means of a percolation model. It was suggested that the anomaLous ultrasound attenuation is associated with strongly localized eigen modes (to be called fracton) in disordered systems. There exits a steplike increase in the density of vibrational states at crossover frequency ω(co).Computer simulation of vibration spectrum in disordered system is also reported. The density of vibrational states is consistent with the results of relevant experiment outlined above.展开更多
Silver nanowire films are promising alternatives to tin-doped indium oxide(ITO)films as transparent conductive electrodes.In this paper,we report the use of vacuum filtration and a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-assisted ...Silver nanowire films are promising alternatives to tin-doped indium oxide(ITO)films as transparent conductive electrodes.In this paper,we report the use of vacuum filtration and a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-assisted transfer printing technique to fabricate silver nanowire films on both rigid and flexible substrates,bringing advantages such as the capability of patterned transfer,the best performance among various ITO alternatives(10Ω/sq at 85%transparency),and good adhesion to the underlying substrate,thus eliminating the previously reported adhesion problem.In addition,our method also allows the preparation of high quality patterned films of silver nanowires with different line widths and shapes in a matter of few minutes,making it a scalable process.Furthermore,use of an anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)membrane in the transfer process allows annealing of nanowire films at moderately high temperature to obtain films with extremely high conductivity and good transparency.Using this transfer technique,we obtained silver nanowire films on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate with a transparency of 85%,a sheet resistance of 10Ω/sq,with good mechanical flexibility.Detailed analysis revealed that the Ag nanowire network exhibits two-dimensional percolation behavior with good agreement between experimentally observed and theoretically predicted values of critical volume。展开更多
High-performance nanogrease manufactured from carbon nanomaterials is observed to be stable and homogeneous and have superb physical properties,such as thermal and electrical conductivities,compared with current comme...High-performance nanogrease manufactured from carbon nanomaterials is observed to be stable and homogeneous and have superb physical properties,such as thermal and electrical conductivities,compared with current commercial greases made of lithium,calcium,and aluminum.For the first time,carbon nanomaterials have been observed to disperse well as the sole thickeners in oil systems,e.g.,polyalphaolefin and polyester(ROYCO),without the aid of any chemical surfactants.Three-dimensional percolation network structures that exist among carbon nanomaterials are easily scalable,which can be attributed to the intermolecular van der Waals forces.Moreover,the introduction of hydrogen bonding in any form to grease significantly increases its thermal and electrical conductivities and substantially reduces the weight percentage of carbon nanomaterials needed to fabricate stable grease.For example,loading of only 1.4 wt%hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWNT-OH)with Krytox XHT750 oil leads to a 37.8%increase in thermal conductivity.Moreover,75%glycerol,25% water,and 4.5 wt% MWNT-OH yielded the lowest electrical resistivity of 10.0 Ω cm.This finding can be extended to hydrogen bonding materials with functional groups,such as OH,COOH,F,and NH.The nanogrease reported in this study has been manufactured using the three-roll mill method,which is an easy and cost-effective method,as the loading weight percentage of carbon nanomaterials to fabricate stable grease decreases from 12 wt% to 3-4 wt%.Furthermore,the process is easily scalable,reproduced,and optimized.This novel high-performance nanogrease has a high commercial value and numerous applications and could replace current commercial greases.展开更多
基金Supported by Mathematical Tianyuan Foundation （Grant No. 10926117） and National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 10531070） The authors would like to thank the referee for having read the paper carefully and for suggesting arrangements of article structure.
文摘We model an epidemic with a class of nonhomogeneous Markov chains on the supercritical percolation network on Zd. The large deviations law for the Markov chain is given. Explicit expression of the rate function for large deviation is obtained.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant(RS-2024-00343512,RS-2024-00416938).
文摘Metallic nanowires have served as novel materials for soft electronics due to their outstanding mechanical compliance and electrical properties.However,weak adhesion and low mechanical robustness of nanowire networks to substrates significantly undermine their reliability,necessitating the use of an insulating protective layer,which greatly limits their utility.Herein,we present a versatile and generalized laser-based process that simultaneously achieves strong adhesion and mechanical robustness of nanowire networks on diverse substrates without the need for a protective layer.In this method,the laser-induced photothermal energy at the interface between the nanowire network and the substrate facilitates the interpenetration of the nanowire network and the polymer matrix,resulting in mechanical interlocking through percolation.This mechanism is broadly applicable across different metallic nanowires and thermoplastic substrates,significantly enhancing its universality in diverse applications.Thereby,we demonstrated the mechanical robustness of nanowires in reusable wearable physiological sensors on the skin without compromising the performance of the sensor.Furthermore,enhanced robustness and electrical conductivity by the laser-induced interlocking enables a stable functionalization of conducting polymers in a wet environment,broadening its application into various electrochemical devices.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11575036 and 11505016
文摘We study the percolation transition in a one-species cluster aggregation network model, in which the parameter α describes the suppression on the cluster sizes. It is found that the model can exhibit four types of percolation transitions, two continuous percolation transitions and two discontinuous ones. Continuous and discontinuous percolation transitions can be distinguished from each other by the largest single jump. Two types of continuous percolation transitions show different behaviors in the time gap. Two types of discontinuous percolation transitions are different in the time evolution of the cluster size distribution. Moreover, we also find that the time gap may also be a measure to distinguish different discontinuous percolations in this model.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2021SHFZ232,ZDYF2023GXJS022)the Hainan Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(300333)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21203008,21975025,12274025,22372008)。
文摘Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries suffer from electrochemo-mechanical damage to Ni-rich oxide-based cathode active materials(CAMs),primarily caused by severe volume changes,results in significant stress and strain,causes micro-cracks and interfacial contact loss at potentials>4.3 V(vs.Li/Li^(+)).Quantifying micro-cracks and voids in CAMs can reveal the degradation mechanisms of Ni-rich oxidebased cathodes during electrochemical cycling.Nonetheless,the origin of electrochemical-mechanical damage remains unclear.Herein,We have developed a multifunctional PEG-based soft buffer layer(SBL)on the surface of carbon black(CB).This layer functions as a percolation network in the single crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl composite cathode layer,ensuring superior ionic conductivity,reducing void formation and particle cracking,and promoting uniform utilization of the cathode active material in all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs).High-angle annular dark-field STEM combined with nanoscale X-ray holo-tomography and plasma-focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the PEG-based SBL mitigated strain induced by reaction heterogeneity in the cathode.This strain produces lattice stretches,distortions,and curved transition metal oxide layers near the surface,contributing to structural degradation at elevated voltages.Consequently,ASSLBs with a LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.07)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)cathode containing LCCB-10(CB/PEG mass ratio:100/10)demonstrate a high areal capacity(2.53 mAh g^(-1)/0.32 mA g^(-1))and remarkable rate capability(0.58 mAh g^(-1)at 1.4 mA g^(-1)),with88%capacity retention over 1000 cycles.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51178348)
文摘The changes of resistivity of conductive asphalt concrete at different temperatures were studied,and positive temperature coefficient（PTC）modelwas established to estimate the influence of temperature on the resistivity quantitatively,which eliminated the interference with conductivity evaluation brought by temperature variation.Finally,the analysis of temperature cycling test results proves that the changes of percolation network structure caused by temperature variation prompt the emergence of PTC of conductive asphalt concrete.
文摘This paper analyzes the anomalous power-law dependence of the ultrasound attenuation on frequency by means of a percolation model. It was suggested that the anomaLous ultrasound attenuation is associated with strongly localized eigen modes (to be called fracton) in disordered systems. There exits a steplike increase in the density of vibrational states at crossover frequency ω(co).Computer simulation of vibration spectrum in disordered system is also reported. The density of vibrational states is consistent with the results of relevant experiment outlined above.
基金funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award No.DE-SC0001013.
文摘Silver nanowire films are promising alternatives to tin-doped indium oxide(ITO)films as transparent conductive electrodes.In this paper,we report the use of vacuum filtration and a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)-assisted transfer printing technique to fabricate silver nanowire films on both rigid and flexible substrates,bringing advantages such as the capability of patterned transfer,the best performance among various ITO alternatives(10Ω/sq at 85%transparency),and good adhesion to the underlying substrate,thus eliminating the previously reported adhesion problem.In addition,our method also allows the preparation of high quality patterned films of silver nanowires with different line widths and shapes in a matter of few minutes,making it a scalable process.Furthermore,use of an anodized aluminum oxide(AAO)membrane in the transfer process allows annealing of nanowire films at moderately high temperature to obtain films with extremely high conductivity and good transparency.Using this transfer technique,we obtained silver nanowire films on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate with a transparency of 85%,a sheet resistance of 10Ω/sq,with good mechanical flexibility.Detailed analysis revealed that the Ag nanowire network exhibits two-dimensional percolation behavior with good agreement between experimentally observed and theoretically predicted values of critical volume。
基金This research was funded by the South Dakota Board of Regent(Proof of Concept).
文摘High-performance nanogrease manufactured from carbon nanomaterials is observed to be stable and homogeneous and have superb physical properties,such as thermal and electrical conductivities,compared with current commercial greases made of lithium,calcium,and aluminum.For the first time,carbon nanomaterials have been observed to disperse well as the sole thickeners in oil systems,e.g.,polyalphaolefin and polyester(ROYCO),without the aid of any chemical surfactants.Three-dimensional percolation network structures that exist among carbon nanomaterials are easily scalable,which can be attributed to the intermolecular van der Waals forces.Moreover,the introduction of hydrogen bonding in any form to grease significantly increases its thermal and electrical conductivities and substantially reduces the weight percentage of carbon nanomaterials needed to fabricate stable grease.For example,loading of only 1.4 wt%hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWNT-OH)with Krytox XHT750 oil leads to a 37.8%increase in thermal conductivity.Moreover,75%glycerol,25% water,and 4.5 wt% MWNT-OH yielded the lowest electrical resistivity of 10.0 Ω cm.This finding can be extended to hydrogen bonding materials with functional groups,such as OH,COOH,F,and NH.The nanogrease reported in this study has been manufactured using the three-roll mill method,which is an easy and cost-effective method,as the loading weight percentage of carbon nanomaterials to fabricate stable grease decreases from 12 wt% to 3-4 wt%.Furthermore,the process is easily scalable,reproduced,and optimized.This novel high-performance nanogrease has a high commercial value and numerous applications and could replace current commercial greases.
