Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of...Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.展开更多
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are highly dynamic systems which are very popular for content distribution in the Internet. A single peer remains in the system for an unpredictable amount of time, and the rate in which pe...Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are highly dynamic systems which are very popular for content distribution in the Internet. A single peer remains in the system for an unpredictable amount of time, and the rate in which peers enter and leave the system, i.e. the churn, is often high. A user that is obtaining content from a selected peer is frequently informed that particular peer is not available anymore, and is asked to select another peer, or will have another peer assigned, often without enough checks to confirm that the content provided by the new peer presents the same quality of the previous peer. In this work we present a strategy based on group communication for transparent and robust content access in P2P networks. Instead of accessing a single peer for obtaining the desired content, a user request is received and processed by a group of peers. This group of peers, called PCG (Peer Content Group) provides reliable content access in sense that even as members of the group crash or leave the system, users continue to receive the content if at least one group member remains fault-free. Each PCG member is capable of independently serving the request. A PCG is transparent to the user, as the group interface is identical to the interface provided by a single peer. A group member is elected to serve each request. A fault monitoring component allows the detection of member crashes. If the peer is serving request crashes, another group member is elected to continue providing the service. The PCG and a P2P file sharing applications were implemented in the JXTA platform. Evaluation results are presented showing the latency of group operations and system components.展开更多
Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom...Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom interaction in language learning process with the emphasis placed on the students' involvement in the classroom activities,furthermore,to discover whether the peers small-sized group work is a beneficial and irreplaceable form of classroom interaction.展开更多
芬兰教师教育通过“同伴团体叙事”(Narrative Pedagogies for Peer Groups)模式有效支持了新手教师的专业成长。该模式以同伴小组为组织形式,结合自传写作、同伴小组叙事分享与同伴小组指导等实践,促进教师在反思与对话中构建职业认同...芬兰教师教育通过“同伴团体叙事”(Narrative Pedagogies for Peer Groups)模式有效支持了新手教师的专业成长。该模式以同伴小组为组织形式,结合自传写作、同伴小组叙事分享与同伴小组指导等实践,促进教师在反思与对话中构建职业认同。其促进教师发展的理念与路径,与国际中文教师教育的内在诉求高度契合。因此,国内可借鉴芬兰经验,构建基于叙事的发展机制,创设正式教育与同伴叙事相结合的课程框架,培养新手教师成为反思性实践者,同时,建立多元分层支持体系,为国际中文新手教师的专业发展提供实践路径。展开更多
Teacher correction, Peer correction and self-correction on student writing are three effective methods which have been advocated for the second language learners. Peer correction, which is widely used in student-centr...Teacher correction, Peer correction and self-correction on student writing are three effective methods which have been advocated for the second language learners. Peer correction, which is widely used in student-centred class, gives students opportunities to propose feedback to their classmates. The investigation on Peer correction can give educators instructions on the use of writing feedback activities as a means of enhancing learner’s writing ability. Through conducting a study on a practical writing class of peer correction, the educators can develop learners’autonomy by transferring learning responsibility from teachers to stu? Dents and develop learners’writing proficiency.展开更多
The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated car...The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.展开更多
文摘Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.
文摘Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are highly dynamic systems which are very popular for content distribution in the Internet. A single peer remains in the system for an unpredictable amount of time, and the rate in which peers enter and leave the system, i.e. the churn, is often high. A user that is obtaining content from a selected peer is frequently informed that particular peer is not available anymore, and is asked to select another peer, or will have another peer assigned, often without enough checks to confirm that the content provided by the new peer presents the same quality of the previous peer. In this work we present a strategy based on group communication for transparent and robust content access in P2P networks. Instead of accessing a single peer for obtaining the desired content, a user request is received and processed by a group of peers. This group of peers, called PCG (Peer Content Group) provides reliable content access in sense that even as members of the group crash or leave the system, users continue to receive the content if at least one group member remains fault-free. Each PCG member is capable of independently serving the request. A PCG is transparent to the user, as the group interface is identical to the interface provided by a single peer. A group member is elected to serve each request. A fault monitoring component allows the detection of member crashes. If the peer is serving request crashes, another group member is elected to continue providing the service. The PCG and a P2P file sharing applications were implemented in the JXTA platform. Evaluation results are presented showing the latency of group operations and system components.
文摘Classroom interaction plays a critical role in language teaching and learning process.It involves both the teacher-students,and students-students.This article is intended to explore the vital significance of classroom interaction in language learning process with the emphasis placed on the students' involvement in the classroom activities,furthermore,to discover whether the peers small-sized group work is a beneficial and irreplaceable form of classroom interaction.
文摘芬兰教师教育通过“同伴团体叙事”(Narrative Pedagogies for Peer Groups)模式有效支持了新手教师的专业成长。该模式以同伴小组为组织形式,结合自传写作、同伴小组叙事分享与同伴小组指导等实践,促进教师在反思与对话中构建职业认同。其促进教师发展的理念与路径,与国际中文教师教育的内在诉求高度契合。因此,国内可借鉴芬兰经验,构建基于叙事的发展机制,创设正式教育与同伴叙事相结合的课程框架,培养新手教师成为反思性实践者,同时,建立多元分层支持体系,为国际中文新手教师的专业发展提供实践路径。
文摘Teacher correction, Peer correction and self-correction on student writing are three effective methods which have been advocated for the second language learners. Peer correction, which is widely used in student-centred class, gives students opportunities to propose feedback to their classmates. The investigation on Peer correction can give educators instructions on the use of writing feedback activities as a means of enhancing learner’s writing ability. Through conducting a study on a practical writing class of peer correction, the educators can develop learners’autonomy by transferring learning responsibility from teachers to stu? Dents and develop learners’writing proficiency.
文摘The purpose of this Integrated Care Practice Change and Quality Improvement (ICPCQI) initiative was to evaluate the impact of wellness and relaxation and group psycho-education on health out-comes in an integrated care setting. Individuals diagnosed with mental illness and a co-occurring chronic medical condition participated in the ICPCQI initiatives which were run by peer support and wellness experts in an integrated care setting over the one-year project implementation period. Evaluation of outcome measures revealed an overall decline of 8.3% (p < 0.0001) and 7.3% (p < 0.0001) in the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. There was a 12.3% (p = 0.02) reduction on the average PHQ-9 scores. GAD-7 (p = 0.9) scores had a mean reduction of 1.5%. These preliminary results suggest that the evidence-based ICPCQI initiatives positively impact health outcomes among individuals with mental illness and chronic medical conditions.
