Tin phosphide(Sn_(x)P_(y))is an anode for sodium-ion batteries resulting from its exceptionally high theoretical capacity in future.Nevertheless,its application will be hindered by significant volume expansion during ...Tin phosphide(Sn_(x)P_(y))is an anode for sodium-ion batteries resulting from its exceptionally high theoretical capacity in future.Nevertheless,its application will be hindered by significant volume expansion during charge discharge cycles and poor electrical conductivity.This study employs a Sn-based metal-organic framework(Sn-MOF)as a precursor for synthesizing tin phosphide nanoparticles.Then Solidago Canadensis L.,commonly known as Canadian Goldenrod,is utilized as a biomass carbon carrier to form a composite with tin phosphide nanoparticles.The biomass derived porous carbon provides additional sodium ion storage sites and serves as a structural scaffold that constrains the volumetric expansion of tin phosphide,thereby enhancing the material’s stability.The fabricated composite exhibits superior electrode electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries.It retains a high capacity(489.5 mA·h/g)after 100 cycles at 0.2 A/g.Even after 500 cycles at a high current density of 2 A/g,it still maintains a stable reversible capacity.This study offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative design strategies essential for the development of novel anode materials,paving the way for more sustainable and efficient sodium-ion-based energy storage systems.展开更多
In this paper,we developed low dose X-ray induced long afterglow phosphor Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+),which shows excellent afterglow luminescence from ultraviolet C(UVC)to red region.The photoluminescent results show th...In this paper,we developed low dose X-ray induced long afterglow phosphor Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+),which shows excellent afterglow luminescence from ultraviolet C(UVC)to red region.The photoluminescent results show that under 445.7 nm excitation,Ca_(1.995)P_(2)O_(7):0.5%Pr3+displays red emissions peaked at 598.3 and651.9 nm,corresponding to1D2-3H4and3P0-3F2transitions of Pr^(3+),respectively.Due to its pure red emission(CIE coordinates(0.59101,0.39926)),Ca_(1.995)P_(2)O_(7):0.5%Pr^(3+)can be regarded as a potential LED red phosphor.More importantly,Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+)shows long afterglow luminescence from UVC to red region,which consists of four co ntinuous emissions with similar intensity including 260,359,466 and 598.3 nm.Since these afterglow continuous emissions are fitted to the absorption of most photodynamic therapy(PDT)agents,Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+)can be regarded as excellent PDT agents.Furthermo re,30 s X-ray irradiation can induce 5400 s decay of Ca_(1.997)P_(2)O_(7):0.3%Pr^(3+),and its afterglow emission intensity still reaches 5×10^(4)cps after 5400 s decay.Even only 5 s X-ray irradiation also can produce 4.75×10^(4)cps afterglow emis sion after10 s decay.In addition,the repeat 980 nm laser irradiations can induce co ntinuous strong photo-stimulated(PSL)luminescent peaks,which can be utilized to conduct high efficiency PDT without another X-ray irradiation.The thermoluminesce nce results reveal that the existence of shallow(0.89 eV)and deep traps are responsible for the excellent X-ray induced long afterglow and PSL luminescence.All these results suggest that Ca_(2)P2O7:Pr^(3+)possesses great potential to be regarded as high efficiency PDT agents.展开更多
Mixed polyanion phosphate Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)(NFPP)is regarded as the most promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),due to its high structural stability and low-cost environmental frien...Mixed polyanion phosphate Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)(NFPP)is regarded as the most promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),due to its high structural stability and low-cost environmental friendliness.However,its intrinsic low conductivity and sluggish Na^(+)diffusion restricted the fast-charge and low-temperature sodium storage.Herein,an NFPP composite encapsulated by in-situ pyrolytic carbon and coupled with expanded graphite(NFPP@C/EG)was constructed via a sol-gel method followed by a ballmill procedure.Due to the dual-carbon modified strategy,this NFPP@C/EG only enhanced the electronic conductivity,but also endowed more channels for Na^(+)diffusion.As cathode for SIBs,the optimized NFPP(M-NFPP@C/EG)delivers excellent rate capability(capacity of~80.5 mAh/g at 50 C)and outstanding cycling stability(11000 cycles at 50 C with capacity retention of 89.85%).Additionally,cyclic voltammetry(CV)confirmed that its sodium storage behavior is pseudocapacitance-controlled,with in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)further elucidating improvements in electrode reaction kinetics.At lower temperatures(0℃),M-NFPP@C/EG demonstrated exceptional cycling performance(8800 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 95.81%).Moreover,pouch cells also exhibited excellent stability.This research demonstrates the feasibility of a dual carbon modification strategy in enhancing NFPP and proposes a low-cost,high-rate,and ultra-stable cathode material for SIBs.展开更多
In this work,for the first time,it is demonstrated that during the insertion/extraction of Na ions,the structural evolution at the Na_(4)site at a voltage range of 3-4 V is a key factor for the capacity decay of Na_(4...In this work,for the first time,it is demonstrated that during the insertion/extraction of Na ions,the structural evolution at the Na_(4)site at a voltage range of 3-4 V is a key factor for the capacity decay of Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)(NFPP).Herein,a strategy of introducing columnar potassium ions at the Na_(4)site is proposed to address the aforementioned challenge.As a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries,the K_(0.12)Na_(3.88)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)/C(K-NFPP)composite enhances the reversibility of Na_(4)extraction.Specifically,the K-NFPP exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 107.8 mAh g^(-1)at a high current density of 5 C,with a capacity retention of 91.4% after 2000 cycles,outperforming the pristine NFPP material(81.1 m Ah g^(-1)and 67.1%).At 5 C,the K-NFPP also retains 81.5% of the reversible capacity at 0.1 C,whereas the NFPP only retains 68.3%.Moreover,the K-NFPP-based full-cell delivers an initial capacity of 110.1 m Ah g^(-1)at 1 C,with a capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles.It is found that in comparison to K-doping of the Na1,Na2,and Na3 sites,K-doping at the Na4 site effectively optimizes the band gap and stabilizes the crystal structure,thereby reducing lattice changes of FeO_(6)evolution during Na^(+)insertion/extraction.As a result,the introduction of columnar potassium ions significantly enhances the capacity contribution of the Na_(4)site,optimizes reaction kinetics,and effectively mitigates the capacity decay of NFPP cathodes.It is believed that this study offers a new entry point for the application of NFPP in high-voltage sodium storage.展开更多
The 3-partitioning problem is to decide whether a given multiset of nonnegative integers can be partitioned into triples that all have the same sum. It is considerably used to prove the strong NP-hardness of many sche...The 3-partitioning problem is to decide whether a given multiset of nonnegative integers can be partitioned into triples that all have the same sum. It is considerably used to prove the strong NP-hardness of many scheduling problems. In this paper, we consider four optimization versions of the 3-partitioning problem, and then present four polynomial time approximation schemes for these problems.展开更多
Upon the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, volume fraction and surface penetrative rate were employed to modify the conservative equations to simulate the effect of blockages on fluid flows and heat transfer....Upon the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, volume fraction and surface penetrative rate were employed to modify the conservative equations to simulate the effect of blockages on fluid flows and heat transfer. These equations were solved numerically with the finite differential method and the primitive variable approach. This method uses staggered grid and pressure correction schemes. A computer code FASTOR3D integrated the aforementioned algorithm. The preliminary results have been compared with conventional benchmark solutions. With auxiliary software DV, the numerical results were visualized in colorful images to demonstrate the variation of flow patterns and temperature profiles during the transient process. The results of the simulation code for the fluid flows and heat transfer in the sodium pool of a fast breeder reactor are acceptable.展开更多
A single-spin transition critical dynamics is used to investigate the three-dimensional kinetic Ising model on an anisotropic cubic lattice. We first derive the fundamental dynamical equations, and then linearize them...A single-spin transition critical dynamics is used to investigate the three-dimensional kinetic Ising model on an anisotropic cubic lattice. We first derive the fundamental dynamical equations, and then linearize them by a cutoff approximation. We obtain the approximate solutions of the local magnetization and equal-time pair correlation function in zero field. In which the axial-decoupling terms , and as higher infinitesimal quantity are ignored, where . We think that it is reasonable as the temperature of the system is very high. The result of what we obtain in this paper can go back to the one-dimensional Glauber's theory as long as .展开更多
In this paper we study the computational performance of variants of an algebraic additive Schwarz preconditioner for the Schur complement for the solution of large sparse linear systems.In earlier works,the local Schu...In this paper we study the computational performance of variants of an algebraic additive Schwarz preconditioner for the Schur complement for the solution of large sparse linear systems.In earlier works,the local Schur complements were computed exactly using a sparse direct solver.The robustness of the preconditioner comes at the price of this memory and time intensive computation that is the main bottleneck of the approach for tackling huge problems.In this work we investigate the use of sparse approximation of the dense local Schur complements.These approximations are computed using a partial incomplete LU factorization.Such a numerical calculation is the core of the multi-level incomplete factorization such as the one implemented in pARMS. The numerical and computing performance of the new numerical scheme is illustrated on a set of large 3D convection-diffusion problems;preliminary experiments on linear systems arising from structural mechanics are also reported.展开更多
为合理地分析超声速发动机在起降着陆(landing and take-off,LTO)循环中的污染物排放特性,构建了基于CFM56-7B27核心机的超声速发动机模型。通过建立排放计算模型计算了LTO污染物排放指数(emission index,EI),并分析了其排放特性;研究...为合理地分析超声速发动机在起降着陆(landing and take-off,LTO)循环中的污染物排放特性,构建了基于CFM56-7B27核心机的超声速发动机模型。通过建立排放计算模型计算了LTO污染物排放指数(emission index,EI),并分析了其排放特性;研究爬升和慢车阶段污染物排放特性对LTO超声速模式标准设定的影响,进而确定更具代表性的LTO超声速模式标准。分析结果表明:不同LTO阶段的推力设置(thrust setting,TS)和模式时间(time in mode,TIM)对污染物排放特性的影响存在差异性;在LTO标准研究方面,60%额定推力、2 min模式时间的爬升点氮氧化物的排放质量/额定推力更接近于超声速爬升轨迹,慢车点TS在不低于10%额定推力时更能满足污染物(一氧化碳、未燃烧碳氢)排放特性所限制的燃烧效率要求,因此以60%额定推力、2 min模式时间作为LTO超声速模式爬升点标准、以TS不低于10%额定推力作为LTO超声速模式慢车点标准更为合理。展开更多
文摘Tin phosphide(Sn_(x)P_(y))is an anode for sodium-ion batteries resulting from its exceptionally high theoretical capacity in future.Nevertheless,its application will be hindered by significant volume expansion during charge discharge cycles and poor electrical conductivity.This study employs a Sn-based metal-organic framework(Sn-MOF)as a precursor for synthesizing tin phosphide nanoparticles.Then Solidago Canadensis L.,commonly known as Canadian Goldenrod,is utilized as a biomass carbon carrier to form a composite with tin phosphide nanoparticles.The biomass derived porous carbon provides additional sodium ion storage sites and serves as a structural scaffold that constrains the volumetric expansion of tin phosphide,thereby enhancing the material’s stability.The fabricated composite exhibits superior electrode electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries.It retains a high capacity(489.5 mA·h/g)after 100 cycles at 0.2 A/g.Even after 500 cycles at a high current density of 2 A/g,it still maintains a stable reversible capacity.This study offers a comprehensive exploration of innovative design strategies essential for the development of novel anode materials,paving the way for more sustainable and efficient sodium-ion-based energy storage systems.
基金Project supported by the fund of"Two-Hundred Talent"plan of Yantai Citythe National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974013)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J011270)the State Key Research Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020KB019)。
文摘In this paper,we developed low dose X-ray induced long afterglow phosphor Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+),which shows excellent afterglow luminescence from ultraviolet C(UVC)to red region.The photoluminescent results show that under 445.7 nm excitation,Ca_(1.995)P_(2)O_(7):0.5%Pr3+displays red emissions peaked at 598.3 and651.9 nm,corresponding to1D2-3H4and3P0-3F2transitions of Pr^(3+),respectively.Due to its pure red emission(CIE coordinates(0.59101,0.39926)),Ca_(1.995)P_(2)O_(7):0.5%Pr^(3+)can be regarded as a potential LED red phosphor.More importantly,Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+)shows long afterglow luminescence from UVC to red region,which consists of four co ntinuous emissions with similar intensity including 260,359,466 and 598.3 nm.Since these afterglow continuous emissions are fitted to the absorption of most photodynamic therapy(PDT)agents,Ca_(2)P_(2)O_(7):Pr^(3+)can be regarded as excellent PDT agents.Furthermo re,30 s X-ray irradiation can induce 5400 s decay of Ca_(1.997)P_(2)O_(7):0.3%Pr^(3+),and its afterglow emission intensity still reaches 5×10^(4)cps after 5400 s decay.Even only 5 s X-ray irradiation also can produce 4.75×10^(4)cps afterglow emis sion after10 s decay.In addition,the repeat 980 nm laser irradiations can induce co ntinuous strong photo-stimulated(PSL)luminescent peaks,which can be utilized to conduct high efficiency PDT without another X-ray irradiation.The thermoluminesce nce results reveal that the existence of shallow(0.89 eV)and deep traps are responsible for the excellent X-ray induced long afterglow and PSL luminescence.All these results suggest that Ca_(2)P2O7:Pr^(3+)possesses great potential to be regarded as high efficiency PDT agents.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB2502000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20332,51771076,U21A200970,52301266)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.2024A04J3332)。
文摘Mixed polyanion phosphate Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)(NFPP)is regarded as the most promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),due to its high structural stability and low-cost environmental friendliness.However,its intrinsic low conductivity and sluggish Na^(+)diffusion restricted the fast-charge and low-temperature sodium storage.Herein,an NFPP composite encapsulated by in-situ pyrolytic carbon and coupled with expanded graphite(NFPP@C/EG)was constructed via a sol-gel method followed by a ballmill procedure.Due to the dual-carbon modified strategy,this NFPP@C/EG only enhanced the electronic conductivity,but also endowed more channels for Na^(+)diffusion.As cathode for SIBs,the optimized NFPP(M-NFPP@C/EG)delivers excellent rate capability(capacity of~80.5 mAh/g at 50 C)and outstanding cycling stability(11000 cycles at 50 C with capacity retention of 89.85%).Additionally,cyclic voltammetry(CV)confirmed that its sodium storage behavior is pseudocapacitance-controlled,with in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)further elucidating improvements in electrode reaction kinetics.At lower temperatures(0℃),M-NFPP@C/EG demonstrated exceptional cycling performance(8800 cycles at 10 C with capacity retention of 95.81%).Moreover,pouch cells also exhibited excellent stability.This research demonstrates the feasibility of a dual carbon modification strategy in enhancing NFPP and proposes a low-cost,high-rate,and ultra-stable cathode material for SIBs.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272237,22279101 and 22172117)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(2020JC-41 and 2024JC-YBQN-0141)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Program Funded by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(22JP056)the S&T Program of Energy Shaanxi Laboratory(ESLB202402)the Foshan Science and Technology Innovation Team Project(1920001004098)。
文摘In this work,for the first time,it is demonstrated that during the insertion/extraction of Na ions,the structural evolution at the Na_(4)site at a voltage range of 3-4 V is a key factor for the capacity decay of Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)(NFPP).Herein,a strategy of introducing columnar potassium ions at the Na_(4)site is proposed to address the aforementioned challenge.As a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries,the K_(0.12)Na_(3.88)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_(7)/C(K-NFPP)composite enhances the reversibility of Na_(4)extraction.Specifically,the K-NFPP exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 107.8 mAh g^(-1)at a high current density of 5 C,with a capacity retention of 91.4% after 2000 cycles,outperforming the pristine NFPP material(81.1 m Ah g^(-1)and 67.1%).At 5 C,the K-NFPP also retains 81.5% of the reversible capacity at 0.1 C,whereas the NFPP only retains 68.3%.Moreover,the K-NFPP-based full-cell delivers an initial capacity of 110.1 m Ah g^(-1)at 1 C,with a capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles.It is found that in comparison to K-doping of the Na1,Na2,and Na3 sites,K-doping at the Na4 site effectively optimizes the band gap and stabilizes the crystal structure,thereby reducing lattice changes of FeO_(6)evolution during Na^(+)insertion/extraction.As a result,the introduction of columnar potassium ions significantly enhances the capacity contribution of the Na_(4)site,optimizes reaction kinetics,and effectively mitigates the capacity decay of NFPP cathodes.It is believed that this study offers a new entry point for the application of NFPP in high-voltage sodium storage.
文摘The 3-partitioning problem is to decide whether a given multiset of nonnegative integers can be partitioned into triples that all have the same sum. It is considerably used to prove the strong NP-hardness of many scheduling problems. In this paper, we consider four optimization versions of the 3-partitioning problem, and then present four polynomial time approximation schemes for these problems.
文摘Upon the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, volume fraction and surface penetrative rate were employed to modify the conservative equations to simulate the effect of blockages on fluid flows and heat transfer. These equations were solved numerically with the finite differential method and the primitive variable approach. This method uses staggered grid and pressure correction schemes. A computer code FASTOR3D integrated the aforementioned algorithm. The preliminary results have been compared with conventional benchmark solutions. With auxiliary software DV, the numerical results were visualized in colorful images to demonstrate the variation of flow patterns and temperature profiles during the transient process. The results of the simulation code for the fluid flows and heat transfer in the sodium pool of a fast breeder reactor are acceptable.
文摘A single-spin transition critical dynamics is used to investigate the three-dimensional kinetic Ising model on an anisotropic cubic lattice. We first derive the fundamental dynamical equations, and then linearize them by a cutoff approximation. We obtain the approximate solutions of the local magnetization and equal-time pair correlation function in zero field. In which the axial-decoupling terms , and as higher infinitesimal quantity are ignored, where . We think that it is reasonable as the temperature of the system is very high. The result of what we obtain in this paper can go back to the one-dimensional Glauber's theory as long as .
基金developed in the framework of the associated team PhyLeas(Study of parallel hybrid sparse linear solvers) funded by INRIA where the partners are INRIA,T.U.Brunswick and University of Minnesotasupported by the US Department of Energy under grant DE-FG-08ER25841 and by the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute.
文摘In this paper we study the computational performance of variants of an algebraic additive Schwarz preconditioner for the Schur complement for the solution of large sparse linear systems.In earlier works,the local Schur complements were computed exactly using a sparse direct solver.The robustness of the preconditioner comes at the price of this memory and time intensive computation that is the main bottleneck of the approach for tackling huge problems.In this work we investigate the use of sparse approximation of the dense local Schur complements.These approximations are computed using a partial incomplete LU factorization.Such a numerical calculation is the core of the multi-level incomplete factorization such as the one implemented in pARMS. The numerical and computing performance of the new numerical scheme is illustrated on a set of large 3D convection-diffusion problems;preliminary experiments on linear systems arising from structural mechanics are also reported.
文摘为合理地分析超声速发动机在起降着陆(landing and take-off,LTO)循环中的污染物排放特性,构建了基于CFM56-7B27核心机的超声速发动机模型。通过建立排放计算模型计算了LTO污染物排放指数(emission index,EI),并分析了其排放特性;研究爬升和慢车阶段污染物排放特性对LTO超声速模式标准设定的影响,进而确定更具代表性的LTO超声速模式标准。分析结果表明:不同LTO阶段的推力设置(thrust setting,TS)和模式时间(time in mode,TIM)对污染物排放特性的影响存在差异性;在LTO标准研究方面,60%额定推力、2 min模式时间的爬升点氮氧化物的排放质量/额定推力更接近于超声速爬升轨迹,慢车点TS在不低于10%额定推力时更能满足污染物(一氧化碳、未燃烧碳氢)排放特性所限制的燃烧效率要求,因此以60%额定推力、2 min模式时间作为LTO超声速模式爬升点标准、以TS不低于10%额定推力作为LTO超声速模式慢车点标准更为合理。
