The main objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution features of the ^(210)Po in abiotic(water and bottom sediments)and biotic(zooplankton,mollusks,fish)components of the North Crimean Canal(NCC)aqua...The main objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution features of the ^(210)Po in abiotic(water and bottom sediments)and biotic(zooplankton,mollusks,fish)components of the North Crimean Canal(NCC)aquatic ecosystem and adjacent irrigated soils as well as assessment of the doses received by water organisms from α-radiation of absorbed ^(210)Po.The samples were processed using standard radiochemical methods accepted in international practice.The activity of ^(210)Po in the samples was measured using the alpha-spectrometric OCTETE Plus complex(ORTEC-AMETEK,USA).The measurement error did not exceed 20%.Activity concentration of ^(210)Po in the studied objects decreased in the following rank:suspended matter(73.6 Bq/kg d.w.)>soils(32.5 Bq/kg d.w.)≈bottom sediments(32.1 Bq/kg d.w.)>mollusks(23.4 Bq/kg w.w.)>fish(6.4 Bq/kg w.w.).The ^(210)Po distribution coefficient(K_(d))values in water between suspended matter and its dissolved parts varied within the 1.4×10^(4)-1.4×10^(5) L/kg range.The concentration factors(CF)of ^(210)Po for hydrobionts of the NCC were in the range 10^(3)-10^(4) L/kg.The calculated absorbed radiation doses from ^(210)Po alpha radiation for the hydrobionts of the North Crimean Canal were significantly below the recommended dose limits.展开更多
The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)foliar spraying(20 mmol·L^(-1))on fruit quality and composition(including volatile organic compounds,VOCs)of cherry tomatoes(‘Caravaggio’,‘Sugarl...The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)foliar spraying(20 mmol·L^(-1))on fruit quality and composition(including volatile organic compounds,VOCs)of cherry tomatoes(‘Caravaggio’,‘Sugarland’and‘Top Stellina’)after 0(S0),7(S7)and 14 days(S14)of storage at 8.0°C.On the average of the 3 genotypes,the KH_(2)PO_(4)treatment improved fruit pressure firmness,total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acidity(TA),total phenols and carotenoids concentrations,along with the fruits'antioxidant capacity(by up to 17%for FRAP assay).Within the S7–S14 period,control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS,TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids(-17,-12 and-45,respectively),whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH(+12%).Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH_(2)PO_(4)application,including the aldehydes hexanal,(E)-2-hexenal and(Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids(E)-citral,(E)-β-ionone,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.Proceeding from S0 to S14,several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits,as for hexanal(-48%)and total aldehydes(-42%,whereas at S14 treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(1.06,52.50 and 79.27μg·kg^(-1),respectively).‘Caravaggio’demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S14,whereas‘Top Stellina’was more responsive to KH_(2)PO_(4)(mainly forβ-cyclocitral,geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids),thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors.Nonetheless,these results suggest that proper preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)applications can preserve specific commercial,nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.展开更多
Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system （POS） is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kru...Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system （POS） is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system. Therefore, data obtained via a POS must be transformed to national coordinate system. Owing to the effects of earth curvature and me- ridian deviation, there are some errors in the process of angle transformation from roll, pitch, and heading （φ,θ,ψ） obtained directly via a POS to the attitude angles of images （φ,ω,κ） needed in photogrammetry. On the basis of effect theories of earth curvature and meridian deviation on exterior orientation angular elements of images, a method using a compensation matrix to correct the transformation errors from attitude angles obtained via the POS to exterior orientation angular elements of images is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the rigorous formula of the compensation matrix is deduced. Two sets of actual data obtained via a POS AV 510, which are different in scale and terrain, are selected and used to perform experiments. The empirical results not only indicate that the compensation matrix proposed in this paper is correct and practical but also show that transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements obtained via the POS based on compensation matrix is relevant to the selection of vertical axis （a projection of central meridian） of Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system; the proper vertical axis should be the Gauss-Kruger projection of the central meridian of projection zone in which the survey area locates. However, the transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements is irrelevant to the choice of origin of coordinate system; it is appropriate that the origin of coordinate system locates at the center point of the survey area. Moreover, transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements achieved based on the compensa- tion matrix deduced in this paper is higher than that obtained via the existing POS processing software.展开更多
This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is t...This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation,grant number 23-26-00128,“The role of the irrigation system of the North Crimean Canal in the transfer of long-lived radionuclides of Chernobyl origin,heavy metals,as well as hydrocarbons from the Dnieper water to irrigated farmlands of the Crimea.”。
文摘The main objectives of this study were to investigate the distribution features of the ^(210)Po in abiotic(water and bottom sediments)and biotic(zooplankton,mollusks,fish)components of the North Crimean Canal(NCC)aquatic ecosystem and adjacent irrigated soils as well as assessment of the doses received by water organisms from α-radiation of absorbed ^(210)Po.The samples were processed using standard radiochemical methods accepted in international practice.The activity of ^(210)Po in the samples was measured using the alpha-spectrometric OCTETE Plus complex(ORTEC-AMETEK,USA).The measurement error did not exceed 20%.Activity concentration of ^(210)Po in the studied objects decreased in the following rank:suspended matter(73.6 Bq/kg d.w.)>soils(32.5 Bq/kg d.w.)≈bottom sediments(32.1 Bq/kg d.w.)>mollusks(23.4 Bq/kg w.w.)>fish(6.4 Bq/kg w.w.).The ^(210)Po distribution coefficient(K_(d))values in water between suspended matter and its dissolved parts varied within the 1.4×10^(4)-1.4×10^(5) L/kg range.The concentration factors(CF)of ^(210)Po for hydrobionts of the NCC were in the range 10^(3)-10^(4) L/kg.The calculated absorbed radiation doses from ^(210)Po alpha radiation for the hydrobionts of the North Crimean Canal were significantly below the recommended dose limits.
基金funded by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan(NRRP),Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3—Call for proposals No.341 of 15 March 2022 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union—NextGenerationEU,Award Number:Project code PE00000003Concession Decree No.1550 of 11 October 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research,CUP E63C22002060006+1 种基金Project title“ON Foods—Research and innovation network on food and nutrition Sustainability,Safety and Security—Working ON Foodsfunded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MUR)under the project“Conservabilità,qualitàe sicurezza dei prodotti ortofrutticoli ad alto contenuto di servizio-ARS01_00640–POFACS”(Grant Nos.D.D.1211/2020 and 1104/2021).
文摘The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)foliar spraying(20 mmol·L^(-1))on fruit quality and composition(including volatile organic compounds,VOCs)of cherry tomatoes(‘Caravaggio’,‘Sugarland’and‘Top Stellina’)after 0(S0),7(S7)and 14 days(S14)of storage at 8.0°C.On the average of the 3 genotypes,the KH_(2)PO_(4)treatment improved fruit pressure firmness,total soluble solids(TSS),titratable acidity(TA),total phenols and carotenoids concentrations,along with the fruits'antioxidant capacity(by up to 17%for FRAP assay).Within the S7–S14 period,control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS,TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids(-17,-12 and-45,respectively),whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH(+12%).Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH_(2)PO_(4)application,including the aldehydes hexanal,(E)-2-hexenal and(Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids(E)-citral,(E)-β-ionone,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.Proceeding from S0 to S14,several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits,as for hexanal(-48%)and total aldehydes(-42%,whereas at S14 treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool,geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one(1.06,52.50 and 79.27μg·kg^(-1),respectively).‘Caravaggio’demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S14,whereas‘Top Stellina’was more responsive to KH_(2)PO_(4)(mainly forβ-cyclocitral,geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids),thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors.Nonetheless,these results suggest that proper preharvest KH_(2)PO_(4)applications can preserve specific commercial,nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40771176, No. 40721001)supported by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications in Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongfei General Aviation Company, Liaoning Jingwei Surveying & Mapping Technology INC, Siwei Aviation Remote Sensing Co. Ltd., and others
文摘Data obtained via airborne position and orientation system （POS） is in WGS 84 global geocentric reference frame, while the national coordinate reference system for topographic mapping in China is generally Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system. Therefore, data obtained via a POS must be transformed to national coordinate system. Owing to the effects of earth curvature and me- ridian deviation, there are some errors in the process of angle transformation from roll, pitch, and heading （φ,θ,ψ） obtained directly via a POS to the attitude angles of images （φ,ω,κ） needed in photogrammetry. On the basis of effect theories of earth curvature and meridian deviation on exterior orientation angular elements of images, a method using a compensation matrix to correct the transformation errors from attitude angles obtained via the POS to exterior orientation angular elements of images is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the rigorous formula of the compensation matrix is deduced. Two sets of actual data obtained via a POS AV 510, which are different in scale and terrain, are selected and used to perform experiments. The empirical results not only indicate that the compensation matrix proposed in this paper is correct and practical but also show that transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements obtained via the POS based on compensation matrix is relevant to the selection of vertical axis （a projection of central meridian） of Gauss-Kruger projection coordinate system; the proper vertical axis should be the Gauss-Kruger projection of the central meridian of projection zone in which the survey area locates. However, the transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements is irrelevant to the choice of origin of coordinate system; it is appropriate that the origin of coordinate system locates at the center point of the survey area. Moreover, transformation accuracy of exterior orientation angular elements achieved based on the compensa- tion matrix deduced in this paper is higher than that obtained via the existing POS processing software.
基金funded by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and grants(YUTP-PRG:015PBC-011).
文摘This study conducts a systematic literature review(SLR)of blockchain consensus mechanisms,an essential protocols that maintain the integrity,reliability,and decentralization of distributed ledger networks.The aim is to comprehensively investigate prominent mechanisms’security features and vulnerabilities,emphasizing their security considerations,applications,challenges,and future directions.The existing literature offers valuable insights into various consensus mechanisms’strengths,limitations,and security vulnerabilities and their real-world applications.However,there remains a gap in synthesizing and analyzing this knowledge systematically.Addressing this gap would facilitate a structured approach to understanding consensus mechanisms’security and vulnerabilities comprehensively.The study adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines and computer science standards and reviewed 3749 research papers from 2016 to 2024,excluding grey literature,resulting in 290 articles for descriptive analysis.The research highlights an increased focus on blockchain consensus security,energy efficiency,and hybrid mechanisms within 60%of research papers post-2019,identifying gaps in scalability,privacy,and interoperability for future exploration.By synthesizing the existing research and identifying the key trends,this SLR contributes to advancing the understanding of blockchain consensus mechanisms’security and guiding future research and structured innovation in blockchain systems and applications.
