JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the are...JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, D-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITER Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITER, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITER. The D-T experiments of1997 have validated ICRF scenarios for heating ITER/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)DT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCD has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.展开更多
Humans achieve cognitive development through continuous interaction with their environment,enhancing both perception and behavior.However,current robots lack the capacity for human-like action and evolution,posing a b...Humans achieve cognitive development through continuous interaction with their environment,enhancing both perception and behavior.However,current robots lack the capacity for human-like action and evolution,posing a bottleneck to improving robotic intelligence.Existing research predominantly models robots as one-way,static mappings from observations to actions,neglecting the dynamic processes of perception and behavior.This paper introduces a novel approach to robot cognitive learning by considering physical properties.We propose a theoretical framework wherein a robot is conceptualized as a three-body physical system comprising a perception-body(P-body),a cognition-body(C-body),and a behavior-body(B-body).Each body engages in physical dynamics and operates within a closed-loop interaction.Significantly,three crucial interactions connect these bodies.The C-body relies on the Pbody's extracted states and reciprocally offers long-term rewards,optimizing the P-body's perception policy.In addition,the C-body directs the B-body's actions through sub-goals,and subsequent P-body-derived states facilitate the C-body's cognition dynamics learning.At last,the B-body would follow the sub-goal generated by the C-body and perform actions conditioned on the perceptive state from the P-body,which leads to the next interactive step.These interactions foster the joint evolution of each body,culminating in optimal design.To validate our approach,we employ a navigation task using a four-legged robot,D'Kitty,equipped with a movable global camera.Navigational prowess demands intricate coordination of sensing,planning,and D'Kitty's motion.Leveraging our framework yields superior task performance compared with conventional methodologies.In conclusion,this paper establishes a paradigm shift in robot cognitive learning by integrating physical interactions across the P-body,C-body,and B-body,while considering physical properties.Our framework's successful application to a navigation task underscores its efficacy in enhancing robotic intelligence.展开更多
We have carried out the hohlraum experiments about radiation temperature scaling on the Shenguang-Ⅱ （SG- Ⅱ） laser facility with eight laser beams of 0.35#m, pulse duration of about 1.0ns and total energy of 2000J....We have carried out the hohlraum experiments about radiation temperature scaling on the Shenguang-Ⅱ （SG- Ⅱ） laser facility with eight laser beams of 0.35#m, pulse duration of about 1.0ns and total energy of 2000J. The reradiated x-ray flux through the laser entrance hole was measured using a soft x-ray spectrometer. The measured peak radiation temperature was 170eV for the standard hohlraum and 150 eV for the 1.5-scaled one. We have derived the radiation temperature scaling law, in which the laser hohlraum coupling efficiency is included. With an appropriate coupling efficiency, the coincidences between experimental and scaling hohlraum radiation temperatures are rather good.展开更多
Some basic studies of pressure and particle velocity combine processing such as correlation between them, average acoustic intensity processing, rotating and sharpening of directivity are described. Preliminary result...Some basic studies of pressure and particle velocity combine processing such as correlation between them, average acoustic intensity processing, rotating and sharpening of directivity are described. Preliminary results based on theoretical analysis and lake trail will lay a foundation for further research.展开更多
文摘JET has made unique contributions to the physics basis of ITER by virtue ofits ITER-like geometry, large plasma size and D-T capability. The paper discusses recent JET resultsand their implications for ITER in the areas of standard ELMy H-mode, D-T operation and advancedtokamak modes. In ELMy H-mode the separation of plasma energy into core and pedestal contributionsshows that core confinement scales like gyroBohm transport. High triangularity has a beneficialeffect on confinement and leads to an integrated plasma performance exceeding the ITER Q =10reference case. A revised type I ELM scaling predicts acceptable ELM energy losses for ITER, whileprogress in physics understanding of NTMs shows how to control them in ITER. The D-T experiments of1997 have validated ICRF scenarios for heating ITER/a reactor and identified ion minority schemes(e.g. (~3He)DT) with strong ion heating. They also show that the slowing down of alpha particles isclassical so that the self-heating by fusion alphas should cause no unexpected problems. With thePellet Enhanced Performance mode of 1988, JET has produced the first advanced tokamak mode, withpeaked pressure profiles sustained by reversed magnetic shear and strongly reduced transport. Morerecently, LHCD has provided easy tuning of reversed shear and reliable access to ITBs. Improvedphysics understanding shows that rational g-surfaces play a key role in the formation anddevelopment of ITBs. The demonstration of real time feedback control of plasma current and pressureprofiles opens the path towards fully controlled steady-state tokamak plasmas.
基金jointly funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018AAA0102900)the"New Generation Artificial Intelligence"Key Field Research and Development Plan of Guangdong Province(2021B0101410002)。
文摘Humans achieve cognitive development through continuous interaction with their environment,enhancing both perception and behavior.However,current robots lack the capacity for human-like action and evolution,posing a bottleneck to improving robotic intelligence.Existing research predominantly models robots as one-way,static mappings from observations to actions,neglecting the dynamic processes of perception and behavior.This paper introduces a novel approach to robot cognitive learning by considering physical properties.We propose a theoretical framework wherein a robot is conceptualized as a three-body physical system comprising a perception-body(P-body),a cognition-body(C-body),and a behavior-body(B-body).Each body engages in physical dynamics and operates within a closed-loop interaction.Significantly,three crucial interactions connect these bodies.The C-body relies on the Pbody's extracted states and reciprocally offers long-term rewards,optimizing the P-body's perception policy.In addition,the C-body directs the B-body's actions through sub-goals,and subsequent P-body-derived states facilitate the C-body's cognition dynamics learning.At last,the B-body would follow the sub-goal generated by the C-body and perform actions conditioned on the perceptive state from the P-body,which leads to the next interactive step.These interactions foster the joint evolution of each body,culminating in optimal design.To validate our approach,we employ a navigation task using a four-legged robot,D'Kitty,equipped with a movable global camera.Navigational prowess demands intricate coordination of sensing,planning,and D'Kitty's motion.Leveraging our framework yields superior task performance compared with conventional methodologies.In conclusion,this paper establishes a paradigm shift in robot cognitive learning by integrating physical interactions across the P-body,C-body,and B-body,while considering physical properties.Our framework's successful application to a navigation task underscores its efficacy in enhancing robotic intelligence.
文摘We have carried out the hohlraum experiments about radiation temperature scaling on the Shenguang-Ⅱ （SG- Ⅱ） laser facility with eight laser beams of 0.35#m, pulse duration of about 1.0ns and total energy of 2000J. The reradiated x-ray flux through the laser entrance hole was measured using a soft x-ray spectrometer. The measured peak radiation temperature was 170eV for the standard hohlraum and 150 eV for the 1.5-scaled one. We have derived the radiation temperature scaling law, in which the laser hohlraum coupling efficiency is included. With an appropriate coupling efficiency, the coincidences between experimental and scaling hohlraum radiation temperatures are rather good.
基金This work is supported by the special univeraity fund for the excellent PH,D dissertation of china
文摘Some basic studies of pressure and particle velocity combine processing such as correlation between them, average acoustic intensity processing, rotating and sharpening of directivity are described. Preliminary results based on theoretical analysis and lake trail will lay a foundation for further research.
