In the research, pot experiment and field testing were conducted to study the effect of different crops, soil types, and irrigation modes on biogas slurry diges- tions. The results showed that when silage maize, sweet...In the research, pot experiment and field testing were conducted to study the effect of different crops, soil types, and irrigation modes on biogas slurry diges- tions. The results showed that when silage maize, sweet sorghum and Chinese cabbage were planted in purple soils, the quantities of digested biogas slurry were of 57, 157.5, and 34.5 t/hm2, respectively, while the quantities of digested biogas slurry were 70.5, 157.5 and 40.5 t/hm2 in yellow soils. Besides, the digested biogas slurries reached 36 and 27 t/hm2 as per flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation when Chinese cabbages were planted in yellow soils. The research indicated crop variety, soil type, and irrigation method all have effects on farmland digestion of biogas slurry.展开更多
Effects of antibiotic residues on methane production in anaerobic digestion are commonly studied using the following two antibiotic addition methods：（1） adding manure from animals that consume a diet containing ant...Effects of antibiotic residues on methane production in anaerobic digestion are commonly studied using the following two antibiotic addition methods：（1） adding manure from animals that consume a diet containing antibiotics, and（2） adding antibiotic-free animal manure spiked with antibiotics. This study used chlortetracycline（CTC） as a model antibiotic to examine the effects of the antibiotic addition method on methane production in anaerobic digestion under two different swine wastewater concentrations（0.55 and 0.22 mg CTC/g dry manure）. The results showed that CTC degradation rate in which manure was directly added at 0.55 mg CTC/g（HSPIKE treatment） was lower than the control values and the rest of the treatment groups. Methane production from the HSPIKEtreatment was reduced（p 〈 0.05） by 12% during the whole experimental period and 15% during the first 7 days. The treatments had no significant effect on the pH and chemical oxygen demand value of the digesters, and the total nitrogen of the0.55 mg CTC/kg manure collected from mediated swine was significantly higher than the other values. Therefore, different methane production under different antibiotic addition methods might be explained by the microbial activity and the concentrations of antibiotic intermediate products and metabolites. Because the primary entry route of veterinary antibiotics into an anaerobic digester is by contaminated animal manure, the most appropriate method for studying antibiotic residue effects on methane production may be using manure from animals that are given a particular antibiotic, rather than adding the antibiotic directly to the anaerobic digester.展开更多
An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method（HPCD）, is stud...An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method（HPCD）, is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES） and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error（RE） for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials（GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313）, rock reference materials（GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105）, and cobalt-rich crust reference materials（GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339）, the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation（RSD） and the relative error（RE） are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.展开更多
In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal p...In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free （N-free） diet method. The difference method was based on soy- bean meal as the only protein source, with the experi- mental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the pro- tein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each meth- od,64 Tianfu meat drakes （7-weeks-old） with an av- erage body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino aciddigestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true a- mino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0. 9946,1. 2243 and 0. 9297 mg/g dry matter in- take （ DMI）, respectively. The true amino acid digest- ibility measured by the difference method was 88.93 %±4.43 %. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed ca- sein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4. 16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20% ,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82 %±4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous ami- no acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.展开更多
Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch i...Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods： Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans（Vicia faba L.） and peas（Pisum sativum L.）, five different cultivars of lupins（Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.）, and one diet with a soybean meal（SBM） were fed.Results： The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically（438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter（DM） in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively）.Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM（analyzed polarimetrically） and ＆lt;1.1 and 3 g/kg DM（analyzed enzymatically）, respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis（84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas）. Moreover, AID of starch differed（P ＆lt; 0.05）within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly（P ＆lt; 0.05） as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion： Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods.展开更多
Background:There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases.In addition,it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses.Therefore,...Background:There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases.In addition,it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to 1) determine the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and SID of fat and fatty acids in ten different oil sources for growing pigs and to develop prediction equations for SID of fat based on fatty acid composition;and 2) compare the effect of the fat extraction methods on the calculated values for endogenous loss and digestibility of fat.Methods:Twenty-two barrows(initial body weight:32.1 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum,and allotted to 1 of 11 experimental diets in a 4-period Youden Square design.A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch,soy protein isolate and sucrose.Ten oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6% of dietary oil sources to the fat-free diet at the expense of cornstarch.All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide.Results:The endogenous loss of ether extract(EE) was lower than that of acid-hydrolyzed fat(AEE;P < 0.01).There were significant differences in the AID and SID of fat and saturated fatty acids across the dietary oil sources(P < 0.05).The SID of AEE for palm oil was lower than that of sunflower oil,corn oil,canola oil,rice oil and flaxseed oil(P < 0.01).The AID and SID of fat ranged from 79.65% to 86.97% and from 91.14% to 99.18%.Although the AID of EE was greater than that of AEE(P < 0.01),there was no significant difference in SID of EE and AEE except for palm oil.The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) had a positive correlation with SID of fat(P < 0.05),whereas C16:0 and long chain saturated fatty acids(LSFA) were significant negatively correlated with SID of fat(P < 0.01).The best-fit equation to predict SID of fat was SID AEE = 102.75-0.15 × LSFA-0.74 × C18:0-0.03 × C18:1(Adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.88,P < 0.01).Conclusions:When calculating the SID of fat,the EE content of the samples can be analyzed using the direct extraction method,whereas the acid hydrolysis procedure should be used to determine the AID of fat.Fat digestibility of dietary oils was affected by their fatty acid composition,especially by the contents of C16:0,LSFA and U/S.展开更多
Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system.In the chronic inflammation microenvironment,the metabolic activity...Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system.In the chronic inflammation microenvironment,the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes,which interfere with the normal function of immune cells.Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs,such as the stomach,liver,and colorectum.This metabolic-immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theories of“yin-yang disharmony”and“disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.”The metabolic-immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting“treatment of different diseases with the same method”,in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions.In the TCM treatment process,it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function,thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy.Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic-immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic-immune dysregulation,pattern identification,and treatment method.They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of“treating different diseases with the same method”.展开更多
Along with the development and progress of environmental protection management,it is necessary to pay full attention to the disposal of excess sludge in the process of urban sewage treatment plant management.It is nec...Along with the development and progress of environmental protection management,it is necessary to pay full attention to the disposal of excess sludge in the process of urban sewage treatment plant management.It is necessary to ensure effective integration of management mechanisms and management paths.To a certain extent,it can improve the actual efficiency of digestion and treatment work and lay a foundation for the optimal operation of environmental protection management.In this paper,the treatment of excess sludge in a sewage treatment plant is studied.The method and results of anaerobic digestion test of excess sludge in a sewage treatment plant are discussed for reference only.展开更多
Objective: this study mainly studies the treatment of patients with intestinal polyps, and conducts the treatment process under the control of gastrointestinal endoscopy, in order to improve the treatment effect of th...Objective: this study mainly studies the treatment of patients with intestinal polyps, and conducts the treatment process under the control of gastrointestinal endoscopy, in order to improve the treatment effect of these patients, shorten the treatment time and recovery time of the patients, and improve the life of the patients. quality. Methods: This study selected 72 patients with intestinal polyps who came to our hospital from November 2020 to January 2022. All patients received intestinal polyp treatment as part of gastrointestinal endoscopy. In order to observe the research results, the selected patients were compared and examined in order to better observe the research results. During the examination of all selected patients, the nursing effect and the occurrence of adverse events should be carefully recorded and compared. At the same time, before nursing the selected patients, professional medical staff will evaluate the overall condition of the patients to ensure that the patients can cooperate in the process of this study, and then they can be included in the study. Patients should also take the initiative to inform patients of the research content and purpose, and the research results can be published only with the consent of patients. Results: two different nursing methods had different effects on selected patients, but relatively high-quality nursing methods were preferred by patients, which minimized adverse reactions during the patient's recovery. There were differences in the results across all patients, which better support the data from this study.展开更多
Background：This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety（LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4）grown in one location,drying metho...Background：This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety（LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4）grown in one location,drying method（sun dried and artificially dried）and different drying temperatures.Corn harvested at 20-25%moisture was dried to about 12%moisture by sun drying and artificially drying at 80,100,or 120℃ in a fluidized bed dryer.Ninety-six barrows（average BW of 33.4 ± 2.7 kg）were housed in individual metabolism crates to facilitate separate collection of feces and urine.A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period.Results：The results indicated that variety significantly influenced（P〈0.01）the 1,000 kernel weight of corn but not the bulk weight.Variety also influenced the available energy content（digestible energy of dry matter,P〈0.01;metabolisable energy of dry matter,P〈0.01）and digestibility of organic matter（P〈0.01）,as well as dry matter（P〈0.01）and gross energy（GE）content（P〈0.02）.The drying method of corn significantly influenced the 1,000 kernel weight（P〈0.01）,bulk weight（P〈0.01）and digestibility of ether extract（EE）（P〈0.01）.No effect of drying temperature on the digestibility of organic matter,dry matter（DM）,crude protein（CP）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF）and gross energy was observed,but gelatinization（P〈0.05）and test weight（P〈0.01）decreased with an increase in temperature.Conclusions：Variety has a significant impact on the nutritive value of corn for growing pigs,and greater attention needs to be paid to these influences in the assignment of the nutritive value of corn given to growing pigs.展开更多
Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)has attracted wide attention in clinic due to its high incidence rate and high canceration rate.At present,modern medicine lacks an effective treatment scheme for CAG.Traditional Chinese...Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)has attracted wide attention in clinic due to its high incidence rate and high canceration rate.At present,modern medicine lacks an effective treatment scheme for CAG.Traditional Chinese medicine can improve clinical symptoms,laboratory indexes,pathological examination results and patients'quality of life for patients of CAG.Professor Wei used the method of"Balancing Digestive Functions by Regulating Pivot"to treat CAG in clinical practice.With flexible addition and subtraction on the basic prescription Banxia Xiexin decoction and coordination with various external treatment methods and psychological construction,professor Wei has achieved satisfactory clinical effects with the pungent-opening and bitter-descending method and dispersing liver and promoting blood circulation method.展开更多
This paper gives an impetus in quantifying digestible carbohydrates, which are important components of cereals, legumes and vegetables. The HPLC method was applied for the first time in India to estimate the digestibl...This paper gives an impetus in quantifying digestible carbohydrates, which are important components of cereals, legumes and vegetables. The HPLC method was applied for the first time in India to estimate the digestible carbohydrates such as sugars and starches in different branded rice, legumes and vegetable samples which were procured from local market of twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad in Andhra Pradesh State, India. In the present study, we estimated carbohydrates in vitro, mimicking the in vivo condition by incorporating enzymatic digestion. Among the rice varieties the analyzed total soluble sugars were in the range of 5.69% to 9.62%, vegetables 0.0% to 3.72% and legumes 0.04% to 0.98%. Soluble starches in rice samples ranged from 12.51% to 17.64%, in vegetables from 1.73% to 7.28% and in legumes from 23.76% to 38.71%. Insoluble starches in rice samples were observed to be bracketed in between 52.53% to 60.43%, where as in vegetables from 0.58% to 8.83% and in legumes from 16.13% to 29.22%. Concluding our observation, the total amount of starches and total sugars in rice fell in between 74.32% to 80.75%, in vegetables from 1.74% to 16.11%, and in legumes from 39.93% to 68.91%.展开更多
基金Supported by International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(2013DFA61260)Sub-project of National Science and Technology Planning in Rural Areas during the 12th Five-year Plan(2011BAD36B01)~~
文摘In the research, pot experiment and field testing were conducted to study the effect of different crops, soil types, and irrigation modes on biogas slurry diges- tions. The results showed that when silage maize, sweet sorghum and Chinese cabbage were planted in purple soils, the quantities of digested biogas slurry were of 57, 157.5, and 34.5 t/hm2, respectively, while the quantities of digested biogas slurry were 70.5, 157.5 and 40.5 t/hm2 in yellow soils. Besides, the digested biogas slurries reached 36 and 27 t/hm2 as per flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation when Chinese cabbages were planted in yellow soils. The research indicated crop variety, soil type, and irrigation method all have effects on farmland digestion of biogas slurry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30700586, 31072067, 31272481)the National Spark Program Project (No. 2012GA780001)the China Scholarship Council (NO. 201308440210)
文摘Effects of antibiotic residues on methane production in anaerobic digestion are commonly studied using the following two antibiotic addition methods：（1） adding manure from animals that consume a diet containing antibiotics, and（2） adding antibiotic-free animal manure spiked with antibiotics. This study used chlortetracycline（CTC） as a model antibiotic to examine the effects of the antibiotic addition method on methane production in anaerobic digestion under two different swine wastewater concentrations（0.55 and 0.22 mg CTC/g dry manure）. The results showed that CTC degradation rate in which manure was directly added at 0.55 mg CTC/g（HSPIKE treatment） was lower than the control values and the rest of the treatment groups. Methane production from the HSPIKEtreatment was reduced（p 〈 0.05） by 12% during the whole experimental period and 15% during the first 7 days. The treatments had no significant effect on the pH and chemical oxygen demand value of the digesters, and the total nitrogen of the0.55 mg CTC/kg manure collected from mediated swine was significantly higher than the other values. Therefore, different methane production under different antibiotic addition methods might be explained by the microbial activity and the concentrations of antibiotic intermediate products and metabolites. Because the primary entry route of veterinary antibiotics into an anaerobic digester is by contaminated animal manure, the most appropriate method for studying antibiotic residue effects on methane production may be using manure from animals that are given a particular antibiotic, rather than adding the antibiotic directly to the anaerobic digester.
基金The China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association Research Program of the State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.DY125-13-R-07the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41322036 and 41230960+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.ZR2014DP009the Special Basic Research Funds for Central Public Research Institutes for The First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration of China under contract Nos GY0213G06 and GY02-2012G35
文摘An improved analytical method to determine the content of 52 major, minor and trace elements in marine geological samples, using a HF-HCl-HNO_3 acid system with a high-pressure closed digestion method（HPCD）, is studied by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES） and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The operating parameters of the instruments are optimized, and the optimal analytical parameters are determined. The influences of optical spectrum and mass spectrum interferences, digestion methods and acid systems on the analytical results are investigated. The optimal spectral lines and isotopes are chosen, and internal standard element of rhodium is selected to compensate for matrix effects and analytical signals drifting. Compared with the methods of an electric heating plate digestion and a microwave digestion, a high-pressure closed digestion method is optimized with less acid, complete digestion,less damage for digestion process. The marine geological samples are dissolved completely by a HF-HCl-HNO_3 system, the relative error（RE） for the analytical results are all less than 6.0%. The method detection limits are 2–40μg/g by the ICP-OES, and 6–80 ng/g by ICP-MS. The methods are used to determine the marine sediment reference materials（GBW07309, GBW07311, GBW07313）, rock reference materials（GBW07103, GBW07104,GBW07105）, and cobalt-rich crust reference materials（GBW07337, GBW07338, GBW07339）, the obtained analytical results are in agreement with the certified values, and both of the relative standard deviation（RSD） and the relative error（RE） are less than 6.0%. The analytical method meets the requirements for determining 52 elements contents of bulk marine geological samples.
文摘In this study, we examined the varia- tions between the difference method and the enzyme- hydrolyzed casein method for determining endogenous amino acid loss and the true amino acid digestibility in ducks fed normal protein-containing diets. These methods were compared to the nitrogen-free （N-free） diet method. The difference method was based on soy- bean meal as the only protein source, with the experi- mental diets containing crude protein levels at 15% and 20%. The enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method was based on enzyme-hydrolyzed casein meal as the pro- tein source, with the experimental diet containing a crude protein level of 17.5%. The N-free diet was prepared with starches and paper fibers. In each meth- od,64 Tianfu meat drakes （7-weeks-old） with an av- erage body weight of 2.77±0.16 kg were used and divided into four groups, and fed four different diets. Each group contained four replicates of four drakes and they were force fed trial diets according to the Sirbald method for detecting their apparent amino aciddigestibility, endogenous amino acid loss and true a- mino acid digestibility. The results demonstrated that using the difference, enzyme-hydrolyzed casein and N-free diet methods, endogenous amino acid losses were 0. 9946,1. 2243 and 0. 9297 mg/g dry matter in- take （ DMI）, respectively. The true amino acid digest- ibility measured by the difference method was 88.93 %±4.43 %. Using the enzyme-hydrolyzed ca- sein method with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20%, the digestibility was 91.15%±4.33% and 91.97%±4. 16%, respectively, and by the N-free diet methods with two dietary crude protein levels of 15% and 20% ,it was 88.55%±4.29% and 88.82 %±4.61%, respectively. The results suggested that when the dietary protein level was 15% to 20 %, the true amino acid digestibility and endogenous ami- no acid loss as determined by the difference method was more accurate than the values determined by the enzyme-hydrolyzed casein method.
基金supported by the H.W.Schaumann Stiftung(Hamburg,Germany)
文摘Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch determination.Methods： Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans（Vicia faba L.） and peas（Pisum sativum L.）, five different cultivars of lupins（Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.）, and one diet with a soybean meal（SBM） were fed.Results： The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically（438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter（DM） in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively）.Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM（analyzed polarimetrically） and ＆lt;1.1 and 3 g/kg DM（analyzed enzymatically）, respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis（84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas）. Moreover, AID of starch differed（P ＆lt; 0.05）within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly（P ＆lt; 0.05） as the content of condensed tannins increased. However, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean cultivars.Conclusion： Both contents and AID of starch in grain legumes can vary as influenced by the analytical method used for starch determination. Generally, starch digestibility is greater when measured by polarimetric rather than enzymatic methods.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972597)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1300202)S&T Program of Hebei(199A7310H).
文摘Background:There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility(SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases.In addition,it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to 1) determine the apparent ileal digestibility(AID) and SID of fat and fatty acids in ten different oil sources for growing pigs and to develop prediction equations for SID of fat based on fatty acid composition;and 2) compare the effect of the fat extraction methods on the calculated values for endogenous loss and digestibility of fat.Methods:Twenty-two barrows(initial body weight:32.1 ± 2.3 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum,and allotted to 1 of 11 experimental diets in a 4-period Youden Square design.A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch,soy protein isolate and sucrose.Ten oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6% of dietary oil sources to the fat-free diet at the expense of cornstarch.All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide.Results:The endogenous loss of ether extract(EE) was lower than that of acid-hydrolyzed fat(AEE;P < 0.01).There were significant differences in the AID and SID of fat and saturated fatty acids across the dietary oil sources(P < 0.05).The SID of AEE for palm oil was lower than that of sunflower oil,corn oil,canola oil,rice oil and flaxseed oil(P < 0.01).The AID and SID of fat ranged from 79.65% to 86.97% and from 91.14% to 99.18%.Although the AID of EE was greater than that of AEE(P < 0.01),there was no significant difference in SID of EE and AEE except for palm oil.The ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U/S) had a positive correlation with SID of fat(P < 0.05),whereas C16:0 and long chain saturated fatty acids(LSFA) were significant negatively correlated with SID of fat(P < 0.01).The best-fit equation to predict SID of fat was SID AEE = 102.75-0.15 × LSFA-0.74 × C18:0-0.03 × C18:1(Adjusted coefficient of determination = 0.88,P < 0.01).Conclusions:When calculating the SID of fat,the EE content of the samples can be analyzed using the direct extraction method,whereas the acid hydrolysis procedure should be used to determine the AID of fat.Fat digestibility of dietary oils was affected by their fatty acid composition,especially by the contents of C16:0,LSFA and U/S.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(92059102 and 81630080)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2018YFC1704106).
文摘Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system.In the chronic inflammation microenvironment,the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes,which interfere with the normal function of immune cells.Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs,such as the stomach,liver,and colorectum.This metabolic-immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theories of“yin-yang disharmony”and“disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.”The metabolic-immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting“treatment of different diseases with the same method”,in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions.In the TCM treatment process,it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function,thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy.Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic-immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic-immune dysregulation,pattern identification,and treatment method.They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of“treating different diseases with the same method”.
文摘Along with the development and progress of environmental protection management,it is necessary to pay full attention to the disposal of excess sludge in the process of urban sewage treatment plant management.It is necessary to ensure effective integration of management mechanisms and management paths.To a certain extent,it can improve the actual efficiency of digestion and treatment work and lay a foundation for the optimal operation of environmental protection management.In this paper,the treatment of excess sludge in a sewage treatment plant is studied.The method and results of anaerobic digestion test of excess sludge in a sewage treatment plant are discussed for reference only.
文摘Objective: this study mainly studies the treatment of patients with intestinal polyps, and conducts the treatment process under the control of gastrointestinal endoscopy, in order to improve the treatment effect of these patients, shorten the treatment time and recovery time of the patients, and improve the life of the patients. quality. Methods: This study selected 72 patients with intestinal polyps who came to our hospital from November 2020 to January 2022. All patients received intestinal polyp treatment as part of gastrointestinal endoscopy. In order to observe the research results, the selected patients were compared and examined in order to better observe the research results. During the examination of all selected patients, the nursing effect and the occurrence of adverse events should be carefully recorded and compared. At the same time, before nursing the selected patients, professional medical staff will evaluate the overall condition of the patients to ensure that the patients can cooperate in the process of this study, and then they can be included in the study. Patients should also take the initiative to inform patients of the research content and purpose, and the research results can be published only with the consent of patients. Results: two different nursing methods had different effects on selected patients, but relatively high-quality nursing methods were preferred by patients, which minimized adverse reactions during the patient's recovery. There were differences in the results across all patients, which better support the data from this study.
基金financially supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program in the 11~(th) Five Year Plan of China(2006BAD12B01)Special Public Sector Fund in Agriculture(200903006)
文摘Background：This experiment was conducted to determine the nutritive value of corn from the north of China for growing pigs.The experiment examined corn variety（LS1,LS2,LS3 and LS4）grown in one location,drying method（sun dried and artificially dried）and different drying temperatures.Corn harvested at 20-25%moisture was dried to about 12%moisture by sun drying and artificially drying at 80,100,or 120℃ in a fluidized bed dryer.Ninety-six barrows（average BW of 33.4 ± 2.7 kg）were housed in individual metabolism crates to facilitate separate collection of feces and urine.A five-day collection period followed a seven-day diet acclimation period.Results：The results indicated that variety significantly influenced（P〈0.01）the 1,000 kernel weight of corn but not the bulk weight.Variety also influenced the available energy content（digestible energy of dry matter,P〈0.01;metabolisable energy of dry matter,P〈0.01）and digestibility of organic matter（P〈0.01）,as well as dry matter（P〈0.01）and gross energy（GE）content（P〈0.02）.The drying method of corn significantly influenced the 1,000 kernel weight（P〈0.01）,bulk weight（P〈0.01）and digestibility of ether extract（EE）（P〈0.01）.No effect of drying temperature on the digestibility of organic matter,dry matter（DM）,crude protein（CP）,neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF）and gross energy was observed,but gelatinization（P〈0.05）and test weight（P〈0.01）decreased with an increase in temperature.Conclusions：Variety has a significant impact on the nutritive value of corn for growing pigs,and greater attention needs to be paid to these influences in the assignment of the nutritive value of corn given to growing pigs.
基金Special scientific research project in the Chinese medicine industry(No.201507001-09)Independent project in China academy of Chinese medical sciences(No.2211-035)。
文摘Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)has attracted wide attention in clinic due to its high incidence rate and high canceration rate.At present,modern medicine lacks an effective treatment scheme for CAG.Traditional Chinese medicine can improve clinical symptoms,laboratory indexes,pathological examination results and patients'quality of life for patients of CAG.Professor Wei used the method of"Balancing Digestive Functions by Regulating Pivot"to treat CAG in clinical practice.With flexible addition and subtraction on the basic prescription Banxia Xiexin decoction and coordination with various external treatment methods and psychological construction,professor Wei has achieved satisfactory clinical effects with the pungent-opening and bitter-descending method and dispersing liver and promoting blood circulation method.
文摘This paper gives an impetus in quantifying digestible carbohydrates, which are important components of cereals, legumes and vegetables. The HPLC method was applied for the first time in India to estimate the digestible carbohydrates such as sugars and starches in different branded rice, legumes and vegetable samples which were procured from local market of twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad in Andhra Pradesh State, India. In the present study, we estimated carbohydrates in vitro, mimicking the in vivo condition by incorporating enzymatic digestion. Among the rice varieties the analyzed total soluble sugars were in the range of 5.69% to 9.62%, vegetables 0.0% to 3.72% and legumes 0.04% to 0.98%. Soluble starches in rice samples ranged from 12.51% to 17.64%, in vegetables from 1.73% to 7.28% and in legumes from 23.76% to 38.71%. Insoluble starches in rice samples were observed to be bracketed in between 52.53% to 60.43%, where as in vegetables from 0.58% to 8.83% and in legumes from 16.13% to 29.22%. Concluding our observation, the total amount of starches and total sugars in rice fell in between 74.32% to 80.75%, in vegetables from 1.74% to 16.11%, and in legumes from 39.93% to 68.91%.
