The Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) is an obligate holoparasitic weed that causes severe damage to many important vegetable and field crops. In this investigation, three herbicides;chlorsulfuron, trias...The Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) is an obligate holoparasitic weed that causes severe damage to many important vegetable and field crops. In this investigation, three herbicides;chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron and imazaquin were tested to evaluate their efficiency in controlling the tomato broomrape. The herbicides significantly reduced the broomrape parasitizing tomato plants growing in pots, irrigated open field and under greenhouse conditions as foliar spray at the concentrations (0.5 - 10 μg·ml-1) without visible injury effect on the plants. In the pot experiments, triasulfuron increased the dead spikes from 77% to 84%;chlorsulfuron from 51% to 84% and imazaquin from 52% to 84% at the concentrations (0.5 - 5 μg·ml-1) compared with the control. In the irrigated open field experiment, the herbicides were less efficient in controlling the broomrape. The dead spikes increased from 10.5% to 29.1% at the concentrations (1 - 5 μg·ml-1) compared with the control. In the greenhouse experiment, the herbicides were more effective than open field and the dead spikes were increased from 30 to 68% at the concentrations 5 and 10 μg·ml-1. In conclusion, the foliar application of herbicides were able to increase the broomrape dead spikes attached to the tomato plants at the concentrations (3 - 5 μg·ml-1) without visible negative effect on tomato plants.展开更多
A brief introduction of biological characteristics, occurrence, distribution, damage and prevention status of Orobanche cumana is given in this paper, and the future research direction is put forward.
Studies evaluating the phytoconstituents and therapeutic potential of species belonging to Orobanche(Family Orobanchaceae)are rather limited.The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition,antioxid...Studies evaluating the phytoconstituents and therapeutic potential of species belonging to Orobanche(Family Orobanchaceae)are rather limited.The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition,antioxidant,enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic properties of the aerial parts of Orobanche nana No¨e ex Rchb.Extracts were prepared by sequential maceration in dichloromethane,ethyl acetate and ethanol and finally an aqueous extraction by infusion were performed.NMR and LC-DAD-MS analysis allowed the identification of different phytoconstituents including the characteristic compounds of Orobanche like verbascoside,poliumoside,orobanone and orobanchoside.The ethanol extract displayed the highest total phenolic(115.63 mg GAE/g)and flavonoids(16.53 mg RE/g)contents,antiradical(DPPH=623.70 mg TE/g;ATBS=843.50 mg TE/g)and ions reducing(Cu^(++)=725.39;Fe^(+++)=617.70)properties while the aqueous extract exerted the best chelating power(19.54 mg EDTAE/g).It was determined that EtOH and Water extracts applied to HepG2 cells decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins p-NFκB,BCL-2 and BCL-XL,while increasing the levels of apoptotic proteins BAX and p-53,thus inhibiting cell survival.In addition,Orobanche nana played an active role in the rearrangement of overexpress MMPs that cause disruption of ECM homeostasis.We employed Network Pharmacology to investigate the mechanisms through which Orobanche nana’s compounds impact Kidney and Liver diseases.These findings suggested that O.nana could be a promising source of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic applications.展开更多
This study explored the preventive effects of Orobanche crenata extract(OCE)against myocardial infarction.LCMS/MS profiling revealed the presence of 27 metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids and phenylethanoi...This study explored the preventive effects of Orobanche crenata extract(OCE)against myocardial infarction.LCMS/MS profiling revealed the presence of 27 metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides.In vitro,OCE exhibited significant antioxidant activity via DPPH and ABTS assays,attributed to its noteworthy TPC=48.02 mg GAE/g and TFC=20.83 mg QE/g.In vivo,rats were subjected to isoproterenol injections(29th and 30th days),following pretreatments with OCE(20 and 60 mg/kg)or Pidogrel(Pid 2 mg/kg).Most of the changes were dose-dependent,with a pronounced impact at 60 mg/kg compared to 20 mg/kg.Compared to ISO-treated group,the pretreatment with OCE at(60 mg/kg bw)reduced CK-MB,LDH,AST and cTn-I by 45%,43.5%,48.3%and 67%,respectively(p<0.0001)and normalized the lipid profile,by alleviating LDL-C levels by 59%and enhancing HDL-C levels by 67%(p<0.01).OCE promoted antioxidant enzymes(CAT,SOD and GPX)by 53%,168%and 209%,respectively,reducing lipid peroxidation by 65%(p<0.0001).Additionally,the findings revealed the inhibitory activity of the extract against ACE and the reduction of plasmatic fibrinogen level,indicating an anti-remodeling activity.Moreover,Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities(-7 and-9.8 kcal/mol)of orobanchoside,isorhamnetin rhamnosyl glucoside,crenatoside,quercetin coumaroyl glucoside and apigenin with cardiotoxicity related proteins:ACE,TGF-β1,PDI,MAPK14 and CaMK II.Overall,OCE represents a potential source of cardioprotective agents,supported by its richness in phenolic compounds,capable of reducing cardiac damage by countering oxidative stress,inflammation,fibrosis,calcium overload,cardiac remodeling.展开更多
The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are li...The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are likely to be unstable in the soil.Our objective was to investigate whether extracts from non-host plants,specifically,Chinese medicinal plants,could stimulate germination of Orobanche spp.Samples of 606 Chinese medicinal herb species were extracted with deionized water and methanol.The extracts were used to induce germination of three Orobanche species;Orobanche minor,Orobanche cumana,and Orobanche aegyptiaca.O.minor exhibited a wide range of germination responses to the various herbal extracts.O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca exhibited an intermediate germination response to the herbal extracts.O.minor,which has a narrow host spectrum,showed higher germination rates in response to different herbal extracts compared with those of O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca,which have a broader host spectrum.Methanolic extracts of many Chinese herbal species effectively stimulated seed germination among the Orobanche spp.,even though they were not the typical hosts.The effective herbs represent interesting examples of potential trap crops.Different countries can also screen extracts from indigenous herbaceous plants for their ability to induce germination of Orobanche spp.seeds.The use of such species as trap plants could diminish the global soil seed bank of Orobanche.展开更多
Parasitic weeds are a major threat to food security in Africa and control measures mostly done by smallholder farmers are not effective in eradicating the parasites.This results in a yield loss up to 100%.Parasitic we...Parasitic weeds are a major threat to food security in Africa and control measures mostly done by smallholder farmers are not effective in eradicating the parasites.This results in a yield loss up to 100%.Parasitic weeds comprise Alectra vogelii,Striga spp.,Orobanche spp.,Rafflesia spp.,and Phoradendron spp.Parasitic attachment is successful when three necessary conditions have been fulfilled namely the compatible host,suitable environment,and parasitic weed.These species parasite plant species through special attachment features such as modified leaves,suckers,haustoria,or modified roots.In Africa,the variability of parasitic weeds is largely driven by environmental factors such as temperature,rainfall,soil type,and crop husbandry practices.Warmer temperatures create more hospitable conditions for certain parasitic weeds,and allowing them to spread to new areas.Parasitic weed control is vital for effective crop production and the control strategies can be achieved through integrated weed control method that embraces mechanical,cultural,chemical,and biological methods.However,the most effective and crucial method is the cultivation of resistant varieties that provide long-term protection against parasitic weeds.Studies have been done on host-parasite attachment where dodder can send out new roots to infected neighbouring plants and spread their parasitic behaviour.More insight and knowledge should offer new goals for control within the life cycle of the parasitic weeds and their metabolic activities.Lastly,disciplines such as agronomy,plant breeding,nutrition,economics,and IT should play their roles effectively in combating parasitic weeds.展开更多
Major strigolactones （SLs） produced by rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare） and tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Michinoku No. 1） were purified and their stereochemical structures were determined by comparing ...Major strigolactones （SLs） produced by rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare） and tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Michinoku No. 1） were purified and their stereochemical structures were determined by comparing with optically pure synthetic standards for their NMR and CD data and retention times and mass fragmentations in ESI-LC/MS and GC-MS. SLs purified from root exudates of rice plants were orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and ent-2＂-epi-5-deoxystr- igol. In addition to these SLs, 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate and the putative three methoxy-5~deoxystrigol isomers were detected by LC-MS/MS. The production of 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate seemed to occur in the early growth stage, as it was detected only in the root exudates collected during the first week of incubation. The root exudates of tobacco contained at least 11 SLs, including solanacol, solanacyl acetate, orobanchol, ent-2＂-epi-orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, ent-2＇- epi-orobanchyl acetate, 5-deoxystrigol, ent-2＂-epi-5-deoxystrigol, and three isomers of putative didehydro-orobanchol whose structures remain to be clarified. Furthermore, two sorgolactone isomers but not sorgolactone were detected as minor SLs by LC-MS/MS analysis. It is intriguing to note that rice plants produced only orobanchol-type SLs, derived from ent-2＂-epi-5-deoxystrigol, but both orobanchol-type and strigol-type SLs, derived from 5-deoxystrigol were detected in tobacco plants.展开更多
Strigolactones （SLs） have several functions as signaling molecules in their interactions with symbiotic arbus- cular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and the parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. SLs are also a new class of...Strigolactones （SLs） have several functions as signaling molecules in their interactions with symbiotic arbus- cular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and the parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. SLs are also a new class of plant hormone regulating plant development. In all three organisms, a specific and sensitive receptor-mediated perception system is suggested. By comparing the activity of synthetic SL analogs on Arabidopsis root-hair elongation, Orobanche aegypti- aca seed germination, and hyphal branching of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices, we found that each of the tested organisms differs in its response to the various examined synthetic SL analogs. Structure-function relations of the SL analogs suggest substitutions on the A-ring as the cause of this variation. Moreover, the description of competitive antagonistic analogs suggests that the A-ring of SL can affect not only affinity to the receptor, but also the molecule＇s ability to activate it. The results support the conclusion that Arabidopsis, Orobanche, and AM fungi possess variations in receptor sensitivity to SL analogs, probably due to variation in SL receptors among the different species.展开更多
文摘The Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) is an obligate holoparasitic weed that causes severe damage to many important vegetable and field crops. In this investigation, three herbicides;chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron and imazaquin were tested to evaluate their efficiency in controlling the tomato broomrape. The herbicides significantly reduced the broomrape parasitizing tomato plants growing in pots, irrigated open field and under greenhouse conditions as foliar spray at the concentrations (0.5 - 10 μg·ml-1) without visible injury effect on the plants. In the pot experiments, triasulfuron increased the dead spikes from 77% to 84%;chlorsulfuron from 51% to 84% and imazaquin from 52% to 84% at the concentrations (0.5 - 5 μg·ml-1) compared with the control. In the irrigated open field experiment, the herbicides were less efficient in controlling the broomrape. The dead spikes increased from 10.5% to 29.1% at the concentrations (1 - 5 μg·ml-1) compared with the control. In the greenhouse experiment, the herbicides were more effective than open field and the dead spikes were increased from 30 to 68% at the concentrations 5 and 10 μg·ml-1. In conclusion, the foliar application of herbicides were able to increase the broomrape dead spikes attached to the tomato plants at the concentrations (3 - 5 μg·ml-1) without visible negative effect on tomato plants.
基金Supported by the 13th Five-year Breeding Plan of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2016GA007)Key Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2016BA005)
文摘A brief introduction of biological characteristics, occurrence, distribution, damage and prevention status of Orobanche cumana is given in this paper, and the future research direction is put forward.
文摘Studies evaluating the phytoconstituents and therapeutic potential of species belonging to Orobanche(Family Orobanchaceae)are rather limited.The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition,antioxidant,enzyme inhibition and cytotoxic properties of the aerial parts of Orobanche nana No¨e ex Rchb.Extracts were prepared by sequential maceration in dichloromethane,ethyl acetate and ethanol and finally an aqueous extraction by infusion were performed.NMR and LC-DAD-MS analysis allowed the identification of different phytoconstituents including the characteristic compounds of Orobanche like verbascoside,poliumoside,orobanone and orobanchoside.The ethanol extract displayed the highest total phenolic(115.63 mg GAE/g)and flavonoids(16.53 mg RE/g)contents,antiradical(DPPH=623.70 mg TE/g;ATBS=843.50 mg TE/g)and ions reducing(Cu^(++)=725.39;Fe^(+++)=617.70)properties while the aqueous extract exerted the best chelating power(19.54 mg EDTAE/g).It was determined that EtOH and Water extracts applied to HepG2 cells decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins p-NFκB,BCL-2 and BCL-XL,while increasing the levels of apoptotic proteins BAX and p-53,thus inhibiting cell survival.In addition,Orobanche nana played an active role in the rearrangement of overexpress MMPs that cause disruption of ECM homeostasis.We employed Network Pharmacology to investigate the mechanisms through which Orobanche nana’s compounds impact Kidney and Liver diseases.These findings suggested that O.nana could be a promising source of bioactive molecules with potential therapeutic applications.
文摘This study explored the preventive effects of Orobanche crenata extract(OCE)against myocardial infarction.LCMS/MS profiling revealed the presence of 27 metabolites,including phenolic acids,flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides.In vitro,OCE exhibited significant antioxidant activity via DPPH and ABTS assays,attributed to its noteworthy TPC=48.02 mg GAE/g and TFC=20.83 mg QE/g.In vivo,rats were subjected to isoproterenol injections(29th and 30th days),following pretreatments with OCE(20 and 60 mg/kg)or Pidogrel(Pid 2 mg/kg).Most of the changes were dose-dependent,with a pronounced impact at 60 mg/kg compared to 20 mg/kg.Compared to ISO-treated group,the pretreatment with OCE at(60 mg/kg bw)reduced CK-MB,LDH,AST and cTn-I by 45%,43.5%,48.3%and 67%,respectively(p<0.0001)and normalized the lipid profile,by alleviating LDL-C levels by 59%and enhancing HDL-C levels by 67%(p<0.01).OCE promoted antioxidant enzymes(CAT,SOD and GPX)by 53%,168%and 209%,respectively,reducing lipid peroxidation by 65%(p<0.0001).Additionally,the findings revealed the inhibitory activity of the extract against ACE and the reduction of plasmatic fibrinogen level,indicating an anti-remodeling activity.Moreover,Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities(-7 and-9.8 kcal/mol)of orobanchoside,isorhamnetin rhamnosyl glucoside,crenatoside,quercetin coumaroyl glucoside and apigenin with cardiotoxicity related proteins:ACE,TGF-β1,PDI,MAPK14 and CaMK II.Overall,OCE represents a potential source of cardioprotective agents,supported by its richness in phenolic compounds,capable of reducing cardiac damage by countering oxidative stress,inflammation,fibrosis,calcium overload,cardiac remodeling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30870403)State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (Grant No. 10502-Z7-3)
文摘The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are likely to be unstable in the soil.Our objective was to investigate whether extracts from non-host plants,specifically,Chinese medicinal plants,could stimulate germination of Orobanche spp.Samples of 606 Chinese medicinal herb species were extracted with deionized water and methanol.The extracts were used to induce germination of three Orobanche species;Orobanche minor,Orobanche cumana,and Orobanche aegyptiaca.O.minor exhibited a wide range of germination responses to the various herbal extracts.O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca exhibited an intermediate germination response to the herbal extracts.O.minor,which has a narrow host spectrum,showed higher germination rates in response to different herbal extracts compared with those of O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca,which have a broader host spectrum.Methanolic extracts of many Chinese herbal species effectively stimulated seed germination among the Orobanche spp.,even though they were not the typical hosts.The effective herbs represent interesting examples of potential trap crops.Different countries can also screen extracts from indigenous herbaceous plants for their ability to induce germination of Orobanche spp.seeds.The use of such species as trap plants could diminish the global soil seed bank of Orobanche.
文摘Parasitic weeds are a major threat to food security in Africa and control measures mostly done by smallholder farmers are not effective in eradicating the parasites.This results in a yield loss up to 100%.Parasitic weeds comprise Alectra vogelii,Striga spp.,Orobanche spp.,Rafflesia spp.,and Phoradendron spp.Parasitic attachment is successful when three necessary conditions have been fulfilled namely the compatible host,suitable environment,and parasitic weed.These species parasite plant species through special attachment features such as modified leaves,suckers,haustoria,or modified roots.In Africa,the variability of parasitic weeds is largely driven by environmental factors such as temperature,rainfall,soil type,and crop husbandry practices.Warmer temperatures create more hospitable conditions for certain parasitic weeds,and allowing them to spread to new areas.Parasitic weed control is vital for effective crop production and the control strategies can be achieved through integrated weed control method that embraces mechanical,cultural,chemical,and biological methods.However,the most effective and crucial method is the cultivation of resistant varieties that provide long-term protection against parasitic weeds.Studies have been done on host-parasite attachment where dodder can send out new roots to infected neighbouring plants and spread their parasitic behaviour.More insight and knowledge should offer new goals for control within the life cycle of the parasitic weeds and their metabolic activities.Lastly,disciplines such as agronomy,plant breeding,nutrition,economics,and IT should play their roles effectively in combating parasitic weeds.
文摘Major strigolactones （SLs） produced by rice （Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare） and tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Michinoku No. 1） were purified and their stereochemical structures were determined by comparing with optically pure synthetic standards for their NMR and CD data and retention times and mass fragmentations in ESI-LC/MS and GC-MS. SLs purified from root exudates of rice plants were orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, and ent-2＂-epi-5-deoxystr- igol. In addition to these SLs, 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate and the putative three methoxy-5~deoxystrigol isomers were detected by LC-MS/MS. The production of 7-oxoorobanchyl acetate seemed to occur in the early growth stage, as it was detected only in the root exudates collected during the first week of incubation. The root exudates of tobacco contained at least 11 SLs, including solanacol, solanacyl acetate, orobanchol, ent-2＂-epi-orobanchol, orobanchyl acetate, ent-2＇- epi-orobanchyl acetate, 5-deoxystrigol, ent-2＂-epi-5-deoxystrigol, and three isomers of putative didehydro-orobanchol whose structures remain to be clarified. Furthermore, two sorgolactone isomers but not sorgolactone were detected as minor SLs by LC-MS/MS analysis. It is intriguing to note that rice plants produced only orobanchol-type SLs, derived from ent-2＂-epi-5-deoxystrigol, but both orobanchol-type and strigol-type SLs, derived from 5-deoxystrigol were detected in tobacco plants.
文摘Strigolactones （SLs） have several functions as signaling molecules in their interactions with symbiotic arbus- cular mycorrhizal （AM） fungi and the parasitic weeds Orobanche and Striga. SLs are also a new class of plant hormone regulating plant development. In all three organisms, a specific and sensitive receptor-mediated perception system is suggested. By comparing the activity of synthetic SL analogs on Arabidopsis root-hair elongation, Orobanche aegypti- aca seed germination, and hyphal branching of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices, we found that each of the tested organisms differs in its response to the various examined synthetic SL analogs. Structure-function relations of the SL analogs suggest substitutions on the A-ring as the cause of this variation. Moreover, the description of competitive antagonistic analogs suggests that the A-ring of SL can affect not only affinity to the receptor, but also the molecule＇s ability to activate it. The results support the conclusion that Arabidopsis, Orobanche, and AM fungi possess variations in receptor sensitivity to SL analogs, probably due to variation in SL receptors among the different species.
