Hippopotamidae is currently represented by the common hippo(Hippopotamus amphibius)and the pygmy one(Choeropsis liberiensis).Hippopotamus amphibius is a gregarious,social,and polygamous animal characterized by a semi-...Hippopotamidae is currently represented by the common hippo(Hippopotamus amphibius)and the pygmy one(Choeropsis liberiensis).Hippopotamus amphibius is a gregarious,social,and polygamous animal characterized by a semi-aquatic lifestyle,widely populating African fluvial and lacustrine systems.The common hippopotamus displays features such as high orbits on the cranial roof,high nostrils on the snout,webbed toes,and a complex skin adapted for an amphibious lifestyle(Lewison&Pluháˇcek 2017).Hippopotamus is characterized by a limited body size dimorphism(Shannon et al.2021)and is primarily a grazer,feeding largely on C4 plants(e.g.grass),but also including C3 plants in its diet(Cerling et al.2008).On the other hand,C.liberiensis is a solitary mammal,exhibiting nocturnal habits and adaptations for a more terrestrial environment,such as less webbed toes and low orbits(Eltringham 1999).Weston(2003)reported sexually dimorphic canines in C.liberiensis,with males exhibiting bigger tusks than females.展开更多
The contradiction between the supply and demand of edible vegetable oil in China is prominent,and the self-sufficiency rate is less than 35%.Peanut has a very outstanding status in ensuring the security of edible oil ...The contradiction between the supply and demand of edible vegetable oil in China is prominent,and the self-sufficiency rate is less than 35%.Peanut has a very outstanding status in ensuring the security of edible oil and food.The emphasis of increasing peanut yield should be the improvement of pod yield per unit area,because the total yield of peanut has not increased as required.This is attributed to mainly two factors-low increase in the crop productivity and the competition for land for grain and cotton crops.For traditional double-seed sowing pattern,it is difficult to further increase the peanut yield due to the serious contradiction between populations and individuals and the declining population quality under high-yield conditions.Single-seed precision sowing was proven to be a new way to increase the economic coefficient(economic yield/biological yield)with the basic stability of the total biomass,which could make plants distribute evenly,reduce the competition among individuals and attain the full production potential of single plant.In order to reveal the mechanism of increasing peanut yield by single-seed precision sowing,the effects on the ontogenetic development(plant character,physiological characteristic and nutrient utilization)and population structure(population uniformity and photosynthesis,source-sink relationship and yield composition)were systematically expounded.This study reports establishment of the high-yield cultivation technology system with the key technology of single-seed precision sowing and the supporting technology of fertilizing and management.We anticipate its wider application for the improvement of peanut yield.展开更多
Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population.Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins,maturat...Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population.Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins,maturational stages,and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury.One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin.Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries,with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation.Within this review,we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury.Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.展开更多
基金granted by the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia[2021.08458.BD],Erasmus+grant[29,191(532)105/2022/SMT],and SYNTHESYS+[DETAF-TA4-0632022]D.F.was supported by the Ayuda del Programa de Formación de Profesorado Universitario(FPU20/03,389)+2 种基金is a PhD student at the Programa de Doctorado en Biología at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid.This research was also supported by FCT,I.P.through the Research Unit UIDB/04,035/2020(https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04035/2020)L.P.is granted by SYNTHESYS+[BE-TAF-136]This project is funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU,call PRIN PNRR project P2022RZ4PL.
文摘Hippopotamidae is currently represented by the common hippo(Hippopotamus amphibius)and the pygmy one(Choeropsis liberiensis).Hippopotamus amphibius is a gregarious,social,and polygamous animal characterized by a semi-aquatic lifestyle,widely populating African fluvial and lacustrine systems.The common hippopotamus displays features such as high orbits on the cranial roof,high nostrils on the snout,webbed toes,and a complex skin adapted for an amphibious lifestyle(Lewison&Pluháˇcek 2017).Hippopotamus is characterized by a limited body size dimorphism(Shannon et al.2021)and is primarily a grazer,feeding largely on C4 plants(e.g.grass),but also including C3 plants in its diet(Cerling et al.2008).On the other hand,C.liberiensis is a solitary mammal,exhibiting nocturnal habits and adaptations for a more terrestrial environment,such as less webbed toes and low orbits(Eltringham 1999).Weston(2003)reported sexually dimorphic canines in C.liberiensis,with males exhibiting bigger tusks than females.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601252 and 31571605)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0201000)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(BS2015SW020)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)。
文摘The contradiction between the supply and demand of edible vegetable oil in China is prominent,and the self-sufficiency rate is less than 35%.Peanut has a very outstanding status in ensuring the security of edible oil and food.The emphasis of increasing peanut yield should be the improvement of pod yield per unit area,because the total yield of peanut has not increased as required.This is attributed to mainly two factors-low increase in the crop productivity and the competition for land for grain and cotton crops.For traditional double-seed sowing pattern,it is difficult to further increase the peanut yield due to the serious contradiction between populations and individuals and the declining population quality under high-yield conditions.Single-seed precision sowing was proven to be a new way to increase the economic coefficient(economic yield/biological yield)with the basic stability of the total biomass,which could make plants distribute evenly,reduce the competition among individuals and attain the full production potential of single plant.In order to reveal the mechanism of increasing peanut yield by single-seed precision sowing,the effects on the ontogenetic development(plant character,physiological characteristic and nutrient utilization)and population structure(population uniformity and photosynthesis,source-sink relationship and yield composition)were systematically expounded.This study reports establishment of the high-yield cultivation technology system with the key technology of single-seed precision sowing and the supporting technology of fertilizing and management.We anticipate its wider application for the improvement of peanut yield.
文摘Emerging evidence is fueling a new appreciation of oligodendrocyte diversity that is overturning the traditional view that oligodendrocytes are a homogenous cell population.Oligodendrocytes of distinct origins,maturational stages,and regional locations may differ in their functional capacity or susceptibility to injury.One of the most unique qualities of the oligodendrocyte is its ability to produce myelin.Myelin abnormalities have been ascribed to a remarkable array of perinatal brain injuries,with concomitant oligodendrocyte dysregulation.Within this review,we discuss new insights into the diversity of the oligodendrocyte lineage and highlight their relevance in paradigms of perinatal brain injury.Future therapeutic development will be informed by comprehensive knowledge of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology that considers the particular facets of heterogeneity that this lineage exhibits.
