Objective To investigate the correlation and predictive value of serum ferritin (SF),25 (OH) D and early renal damage in children with new type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods A total of 102 newly diagnosed T1DM ch...Objective To investigate the correlation and predictive value of serum ferritin (SF),25 (OH) D and early renal damage in children with new type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods A total of 102 newly diagnosed T1DM children admitted to the Department of Endocrinology,Genetics and Metabolism of our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were collected as the study objects.展开更多
Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aime...Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.Methods Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015.TG,TC,and T2DM status were measured.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG,TC,and T2DM incidence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.Results The incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women(Ptrend<0.05).Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG{borderline high TG[hazards ratio(HR):2.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40,3.00]and hypertriglyceridemia[HR:2.64;95%CI:1.68,4.15]}and TC[hypercholesterolemia(HR:2.05;95%CI:1.43,2.95)]were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men.Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women(HR:1.78,95%CI:1.07,2.97),borderline high TC in men(HR:1.61,95%CI:1.04,2.48),and hypercholesterolemia in women(HR:1.68,95%CI:1.81,2.61)had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence.The optimal cutoff values of TG were>1.15 and>1.23 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.For TC,they were>5.17 and>5.77 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54(0.51–0.57)and 0.55(0.52–0.58),respectively,in men,and 0.60(0.58–0.62)and 0.59(0.56–0.61),respectively,in women.Conclusion Elevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence.However,no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women.Hence,TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.展开更多
Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 261 cases of hospitalized patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH). Methods Clinical data of 261...Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 261 cases of hospitalized patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH). Methods Clinical data of 261 cases of hospitalized patients diagnosed with T1DM in the Department of Endocrinology at PUMCH from January 2007 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into the T1DM antibodies positive group(n=180) and negative group(n=81) according to the results of immunohistochemistry, in which 123 newly diagnosed T1DM patients were divided into the adult onset group(>18 years, n=58) and non-adult onset group(≤18 years, n=65) according to the onset age of T1DM, respectively. The clinical characteristics from different groups were compared. Results In 261 patients, the average age was 26.6±15.4 years, the average disease duration was 49(1-480) months, the positive rate of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody was 58.8%(153/260). The level of 2-hour postprandial C peptide and the positive rate of T1DM antibodies in the non-adult onset group were higher than those in the adult onset group(0.98 vs. 0.52 ng/ml, P=0.002 and 80.4% vs. 62.5%, P=0.048). The age of onset in the T1DM antibodies positive group was smaller than that in the T1DM antibodies negative group(19.7±11.4 vs. 24.7±15.6 years, P=0.04), while the incidence of ketosis in the T1DM antibodies positive group was higher than that in the T1DM antibodies negative group(48.3% vs. 34.2%, P=0.035). With the progress of the disease, the fasting C peptide level of the T1DM antibodies positive group decreased more rapidly. Compared with the single time hospitalized patients, multiplehospitalized patients had a lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy(8.2% vs. 22.4%, P=0.032), a lower hemoglobin A1 c level(8.04%±2.10% vs. 9.56%±2.64%, P<0.001) and fasting blood glucose level(8.7±3.1 vs. 10.9±4.2 mmol/L, P<0.001). Conclusions Compared with the non-adult onset T1DM patients, the islet function of adult onset patients was even worse. In the T1DM antibodies positive patients, the islet β cell function decreased more rapidly, so the antibodies could not only clarify the diagnosis of T1DM and also predict prognosis of the islet β cell function. In the management of T1DM patients, regular hospital revisits contributed to get better glycemic control and reduced the occurrence of diabetic complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history(FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical...BACKGROUND Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history(FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity are some of the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.AIM To study various aetiological determinants and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Bangalore, India. This retrospective study examined questionnaire from patients attending the Diabetes Clinic.METHODS Data on various parameters were obtained through a questionnaire from 533 patients on the first visit to the diabetes clinic. Data regarding various aetiological determinants and risk factors viz.: Genetic risk factor and few modifiable risk factors were collected. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in males and younger population was observed in Bangalore, India. Obesity and FH were significant risk factors for not only type 2 diabetes but also early onset of diabetes. In addition, maternal history of type 2 diabetes and consanguinity increased incidence of early onset type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSION Risk factors such as obesity and FH(maternal history of type 2 diabetes) and consanguinity may play an important role in screening of family members of type 2 diabetes patients which may lead to early intervention and reduced risk of subsequent complications. Moreover, susceptible population can be counselled for the management of the type 2 diabetes including periodic investigation of blood glucose levels and lifestyle changes.展开更多
目的分析总结青少年起病的成人型糖尿病2型(maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2,MODY2)患儿的临床表现及遗传学特点,提高临床工作中对MODY2的识别能力。方法回顾性分析2017年8月—2023年7月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济...目的分析总结青少年起病的成人型糖尿病2型(maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2,MODY2)患儿的临床表现及遗传学特点,提高临床工作中对MODY2的识别能力。方法回顾性分析2017年8月—2023年7月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿科确诊的13例MODY2患儿的临床资料。结果13例MODY2患儿(编号P1~13)均有糖尿病家族史,均为健康体检或因感染性疾病偶然发现的轻度空腹高血糖[(6.4±0.5)mmol/L)]。其中2例空腹血糖达到糖尿病诊断标准,其他病例均为空腹血糖受损或糖耐量受损;1 h血糖(one-hour post-glucose,1-hPG)波动在8.31~13.06 mmol/L,已到达国际糖尿病联盟推荐的糖尿病诊断标准。13例MODY2患儿均为葡萄糖激酶(glucokinase,GCK)基因杂合变异,其中P6为GCK c.1047C>A(p.Y349X)、P11为GCK c.1146_1147insGCAGAGCGTGTCTACGCGCGCTGCGCACATGTGC(p.S383Alafs*87)和P13为GCK c.784_785insC(p.D262Alafs*13),均为尚未报道过的变异。结论该研究丰富了MODY2的基因变异谱;临床对于有糖尿病家族史、偶然发现的轻度空腹血糖增高、糖尿病相关抗体阴性的患儿,需警惕MODY2可能。展开更多
报告以脑积水起病的晚发型戊二酸血症1型(glutaric acidemia type 1,GA1)1例。患者女性,21岁,以急性脑积水为主要临床表现,头颅MRI示脑内大范围脑白质、双侧基底节区及小脑半球蚓部异常信号,双侧脑室扩张,双侧颞极蛛网膜囊肿。血尿有机...报告以脑积水起病的晚发型戊二酸血症1型(glutaric acidemia type 1,GA1)1例。患者女性,21岁,以急性脑积水为主要临床表现,头颅MRI示脑内大范围脑白质、双侧基底节区及小脑半球蚓部异常信号,双侧脑室扩张,双侧颞极蛛网膜囊肿。血尿有机酸分析检出大量戊二酸和3-羟基戊二酸,GCDH基因检测发现为复合杂合性突变(S119L和R355H),确诊为戊二酸血症1型,给予相关治疗后,症状缓解。可见临床上如遇上难以解释的脑积水,头部MRI示典型对称性病灶,包括小脑损害,应进行血尿有机酸筛查以除外代谢性疾病。展开更多
近年来,随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高和生活方式的改变,肥胖发生率和糖尿病患病率逐年增加,且越来越年轻化。成人早发2型糖尿病(early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus,EOT2DM)已逐渐被关注。相比晚发性患者,EOT2DM患者的发病机制错...近年来,随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高和生活方式的改变,肥胖发生率和糖尿病患病率逐年增加,且越来越年轻化。成人早发2型糖尿病(early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus,EOT2DM)已逐渐被关注。相比晚发性患者,EOT2DM患者的发病机制错综复杂,胰岛β细胞功能障碍及胰岛素抵抗更重,更易合并高血糖、高血脂、家族遗传史等危险因素。因此,本文对成人EOT2DM的发病机制进行综述。展开更多
目的本文旨在探讨早发型2型糖尿病(early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus,EOT2DM)患者的代谢特征,并建立微血管并发症的风险预测模型。方法回顾性收集2020年4月-2024年4月入院治疗的980例2型糖尿病患者,根据诊断年龄将患者分为两组:早...目的本文旨在探讨早发型2型糖尿病(early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus,EOT2DM)患者的代谢特征,并建立微血管并发症的风险预测模型。方法回顾性收集2020年4月-2024年4月入院治疗的980例2型糖尿病患者,根据诊断年龄将患者分为两组:早发组(诊断年龄<40岁,n=265)和晚发组(诊断年龄≥40岁,n=715),比较两组间代谢指标的差异。进一步将早发组患者根据微血管并发症发生情况分为并发症组(n=142)和无并发症组(n=123),收集并比较两组患者的基线特征、代谢参数及实验室指标。采用多因素logistic回归分析确定微血管并发症的独立危险因素,并构建列线图预测模型。通过受试者工作特征(recciver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估模型的判别能力,采用校准曲线和Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评价模型的校准度,同时绘制决策曲线分析(decision-curve analysis,DCA)评估模型的临床实用性。结果与晚发组相比,早发组患者表现出更显著的代谢异常,包括更高的体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、糖尿病家族史比例、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)水平、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数(triglyceride glucose Index,TyG)和乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)水平(均P<0.05),但病程较短且高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平较低(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,收缩压(systolic arterial pressure,SBP)、总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、HDL-C、LDL-C、TyG和LDH是EOT2DM患者发生微血管并发症的独立影响因素。基于这些因素建立的预测模型为:Log(P)=-19.915+0.017×SBP-0.136×TBIL-1.241×HDL-C+0.684×LDL-C+0.769×TyG+0.050×LDH。ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.864(95%置信区间:0.820~0.907),Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示良好的拟合优度(χ^(2)=10.286,P=0.246),DCA曲线斜率亦均接近1。结论基于收缩压、TBIL、HDL-C、LDL-C、TyG和LDH建立的列线图预测模型对微血管并发症具有良好的预测效能,可为临床风险分层和个体化干预提供参考依据。展开更多
目的观察消渴平合剂改善初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的疗效。方法将90例初发2型糖尿病患者随机分为3组,分别给予口服降糖药物(格列吡嗪或格列齐特缓释片,A组30例,后脱落1例)、胰岛素(B组30例,后脱落2例)及胰岛素加消渴平合剂(C组30...目的观察消渴平合剂改善初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的疗效。方法将90例初发2型糖尿病患者随机分为3组,分别给予口服降糖药物(格列吡嗪或格列齐特缓释片,A组30例,后脱落1例)、胰岛素(B组30例,后脱落2例)及胰岛素加消渴平合剂(C组30例,后脱落2例)治疗12周,观察治疗前后临床症状、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(P2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹及餐后0.5,1,2,3 h C肽、胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛β细胞功能指数。结果 3组患者治疗后,临床症状和FBG、P2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、HOMA-IS均较治疗前有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中C组治疗后较A、B组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。A组患者C肽分泌峰值仍然较低而且后延,而B、C组患者餐后1 h C肽有明显升高,表明两组患者胰岛β细胞功能均有不同程度改善和恢复,但C组患者的效果最好。结论对初发2型糖尿病患者,消渴平合剂具有一定程度的降低血糖和保护胰岛β细胞功能的作用,与胰岛素联用具有协同和增效作用。展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the correlation and predictive value of serum ferritin (SF),25 (OH) D and early renal damage in children with new type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Methods A total of 102 newly diagnosed T1DM children admitted to the Department of Endocrinology,Genetics and Metabolism of our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were collected as the study objects.
基金supported by grants from Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program and World Diabetes Foundation[WDF05–108 and WDF07–308]Qingdao Science & Technology department program [19-6-1-5-nsh]+1 种基金Qingdao Outstanding Health Professional Development FundQingdao Medical Research Guidance Program in 2017 [2017-WJZD129 and 2017-WJZD134]
文摘Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the association between triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC)at baseline,and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)incidence in a general Chinese population.Further,it aimed to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to predict T2DM incidence.Methods Qingdao Diabetes Prevention Program participants recruited between 2006 and 2009 were followed up in 2012–2015.TG,TC,and T2DM status were measured.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between TG,TC,and T2DM incidence.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the ability of TG and TC to identify T2DM participants.Results The incidence of T2DM significantly increased with TG in women and TC in both men and women(Ptrend<0.05).Univariate Cox regression indicated that higher TG{borderline high TG[hazards ratio(HR):2.05;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40,3.00]and hypertriglyceridemia[HR:2.64;95%CI:1.68,4.15]}and TC[hypercholesterolemia(HR:2.05;95%CI:1.43,2.95)]were significantly associated with increased risk of T2DM incidence in women but not in men.Multivariate Cox regression showed that hypertriglyceridemia in women(HR:1.78,95%CI:1.07,2.97),borderline high TC in men(HR:1.61,95%CI:1.04,2.48),and hypercholesterolemia in women(HR:1.68,95%CI:1.81,2.61)had a higher significant risk of T2DM incidence.The optimal cutoff values of TG were>1.15 and>1.23 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.For TC,they were>5.17 and>5.77 mmol/L in men and women,respectively.The area under the ROCs of TG and TC were 0.54(0.51–0.57)and 0.55(0.52–0.58),respectively,in men,and 0.60(0.58–0.62)and 0.59(0.56–0.61),respectively,in women.Conclusion Elevated TG and TC were risk factors for T2DM incidence.However,no predictive capacity was found for both factors to identify T2DM incidence in Chinese men and women.Hence,TG and TC levels in both Chinese men and women might be used for decreasing the incidence of T2DM but no clinical predictive capacity for T2DM.
基金Supported by the project of frontier technology training of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z151100003915077)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2014BC542300)
文摘Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of 261 cases of hospitalized patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH). Methods Clinical data of 261 cases of hospitalized patients diagnosed with T1DM in the Department of Endocrinology at PUMCH from January 2007 to December 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into the T1DM antibodies positive group(n=180) and negative group(n=81) according to the results of immunohistochemistry, in which 123 newly diagnosed T1DM patients were divided into the adult onset group(>18 years, n=58) and non-adult onset group(≤18 years, n=65) according to the onset age of T1DM, respectively. The clinical characteristics from different groups were compared. Results In 261 patients, the average age was 26.6±15.4 years, the average disease duration was 49(1-480) months, the positive rate of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody was 58.8%(153/260). The level of 2-hour postprandial C peptide and the positive rate of T1DM antibodies in the non-adult onset group were higher than those in the adult onset group(0.98 vs. 0.52 ng/ml, P=0.002 and 80.4% vs. 62.5%, P=0.048). The age of onset in the T1DM antibodies positive group was smaller than that in the T1DM antibodies negative group(19.7±11.4 vs. 24.7±15.6 years, P=0.04), while the incidence of ketosis in the T1DM antibodies positive group was higher than that in the T1DM antibodies negative group(48.3% vs. 34.2%, P=0.035). With the progress of the disease, the fasting C peptide level of the T1DM antibodies positive group decreased more rapidly. Compared with the single time hospitalized patients, multiplehospitalized patients had a lower incidence of diabetic retinopathy(8.2% vs. 22.4%, P=0.032), a lower hemoglobin A1 c level(8.04%±2.10% vs. 9.56%±2.64%, P<0.001) and fasting blood glucose level(8.7±3.1 vs. 10.9±4.2 mmol/L, P<0.001). Conclusions Compared with the non-adult onset T1DM patients, the islet function of adult onset patients was even worse. In the T1DM antibodies positive patients, the islet β cell function decreased more rapidly, so the antibodies could not only clarify the diagnosis of T1DM and also predict prognosis of the islet β cell function. In the management of T1DM patients, regular hospital revisits contributed to get better glycemic control and reduced the occurrence of diabetic complications.
文摘BACKGROUND Risk factors such as hereditary, ecological, and metabolic are interrelated and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Family history(FH) of diabetes mellitus, age, obesity, and physical inactivity are some of the risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.AIM To study various aetiological determinants and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Bangalore, India. This retrospective study examined questionnaire from patients attending the Diabetes Clinic.METHODS Data on various parameters were obtained through a questionnaire from 533 patients on the first visit to the diabetes clinic. Data regarding various aetiological determinants and risk factors viz.: Genetic risk factor and few modifiable risk factors were collected. Chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis.RESULTS A higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in males and younger population was observed in Bangalore, India. Obesity and FH were significant risk factors for not only type 2 diabetes but also early onset of diabetes. In addition, maternal history of type 2 diabetes and consanguinity increased incidence of early onset type 2 diabetes.CONCLUSION Risk factors such as obesity and FH(maternal history of type 2 diabetes) and consanguinity may play an important role in screening of family members of type 2 diabetes patients which may lead to early intervention and reduced risk of subsequent complications. Moreover, susceptible population can be counselled for the management of the type 2 diabetes including periodic investigation of blood glucose levels and lifestyle changes.
文摘目的分析总结青少年起病的成人型糖尿病2型(maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2,MODY2)患儿的临床表现及遗传学特点,提高临床工作中对MODY2的识别能力。方法回顾性分析2017年8月—2023年7月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院儿科确诊的13例MODY2患儿的临床资料。结果13例MODY2患儿(编号P1~13)均有糖尿病家族史,均为健康体检或因感染性疾病偶然发现的轻度空腹高血糖[(6.4±0.5)mmol/L)]。其中2例空腹血糖达到糖尿病诊断标准,其他病例均为空腹血糖受损或糖耐量受损;1 h血糖(one-hour post-glucose,1-hPG)波动在8.31~13.06 mmol/L,已到达国际糖尿病联盟推荐的糖尿病诊断标准。13例MODY2患儿均为葡萄糖激酶(glucokinase,GCK)基因杂合变异,其中P6为GCK c.1047C>A(p.Y349X)、P11为GCK c.1146_1147insGCAGAGCGTGTCTACGCGCGCTGCGCACATGTGC(p.S383Alafs*87)和P13为GCK c.784_785insC(p.D262Alafs*13),均为尚未报道过的变异。结论该研究丰富了MODY2的基因变异谱;临床对于有糖尿病家族史、偶然发现的轻度空腹血糖增高、糖尿病相关抗体阴性的患儿,需警惕MODY2可能。
文摘报告以脑积水起病的晚发型戊二酸血症1型(glutaric acidemia type 1,GA1)1例。患者女性,21岁,以急性脑积水为主要临床表现,头颅MRI示脑内大范围脑白质、双侧基底节区及小脑半球蚓部异常信号,双侧脑室扩张,双侧颞极蛛网膜囊肿。血尿有机酸分析检出大量戊二酸和3-羟基戊二酸,GCDH基因检测发现为复合杂合性突变(S119L和R355H),确诊为戊二酸血症1型,给予相关治疗后,症状缓解。可见临床上如遇上难以解释的脑积水,头部MRI示典型对称性病灶,包括小脑损害,应进行血尿有机酸筛查以除外代谢性疾病。
文摘近年来,随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高和生活方式的改变,肥胖发生率和糖尿病患病率逐年增加,且越来越年轻化。成人早发2型糖尿病(early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus,EOT2DM)已逐渐被关注。相比晚发性患者,EOT2DM患者的发病机制错综复杂,胰岛β细胞功能障碍及胰岛素抵抗更重,更易合并高血糖、高血脂、家族遗传史等危险因素。因此,本文对成人EOT2DM的发病机制进行综述。
文摘目的观察消渴平合剂改善初发2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的疗效。方法将90例初发2型糖尿病患者随机分为3组,分别给予口服降糖药物(格列吡嗪或格列齐特缓释片,A组30例,后脱落1例)、胰岛素(B组30例,后脱落2例)及胰岛素加消渴平合剂(C组30例,后脱落2例)治疗12周,观察治疗前后临床症状、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(P2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹及餐后0.5,1,2,3 h C肽、胰岛素抵抗指数及胰岛β细胞功能指数。结果 3组患者治疗后,临床症状和FBG、P2hPG、HbA1c、空腹C肽、HOMA-IS均较治疗前有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中C组治疗后较A、B组有统计学差异(P<0.05)。A组患者C肽分泌峰值仍然较低而且后延,而B、C组患者餐后1 h C肽有明显升高,表明两组患者胰岛β细胞功能均有不同程度改善和恢复,但C组患者的效果最好。结论对初发2型糖尿病患者,消渴平合剂具有一定程度的降低血糖和保护胰岛β细胞功能的作用,与胰岛素联用具有协同和增效作用。
