Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),essential components in bioelectronics,serve as a bridge between biological systems and electronic interfaces by converting ionic signals into electronic currents,making them...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),essential components in bioelectronics,serve as a bridge between biological systems and electronic interfaces by converting ionic signals into electronic currents,making them crucial for applications like implantable biosensors,wearable health monitors,and neuromorphic computing architectures[1,2].Despite their ability to bind directly to biological fluids and tissues,and excellent conformal interfaces with dynamic surfaces such as human skin,due to repeated electrochemical cycling,exposure to environmental factors,and parasitic reactions,OECTs still face persistent stability issues that often manifest as hysteresis in device performance,continuously limiting their potential for long-term bioelectronic applications[3,4].Therefore,addressing this instability is crucial to unlocking the full potential of OECTs in chronic medical monitoring,adaptive biohybrid systems,and energy-efficient neuromorphic hardware.展开更多
Organic electronics have gained significant attention in the field of biosensors owing to their immense potential for economical,lightweight,and adaptable sensing devices.This review explores the potential of organic ...Organic electronics have gained significant attention in the field of biosensors owing to their immense potential for economical,lightweight,and adaptable sensing devices.This review explores the potential of organic electronics-based biosensors as a revolutionary technology for biosensing applications.The focus is on two types of organic biosensors:organic field effect transistor(OFET)and organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)biosensors.OFET biosensors have found extensive application in glucose,DNA,enzyme,ion,and gas sensing applications,but suffer from limitations related to low sensitivity and selectivity.On the other hand,OECT biosensors have shown superior performance in sensitivity,selectivity,and signal-to-noise ratio,owing to their unique mechanism of operation,which involves the modulation of electrolyte concentration to regulate the conductivity of the active layer.Recent advancements in OECT biosensors have demonstrated their potential for biomedical and environmental sensing,including the detection of neurotransmitters,bacteria,and heavy metals.Overall,the future directions of OFET and OECT biosensors involve overcoming these challenges and developing advanced devices with improved sensitivity,selectivity,reproducibility,and stability.The potential applications span diverse fields including human health,food analysis,and environment monitoring.Continued research and development in organic biosensors hold great promise for significant advancements in sensing technology,opening up new possibilities for biomedical and environmental applications.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)devices demonstrate great promising potential for reservoir computing(RC)systems,but their lack of tunable dynamic characteristics limits their application in multi-temporal sca...Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)devices demonstrate great promising potential for reservoir computing(RC)systems,but their lack of tunable dynamic characteristics limits their application in multi-temporal scale tasks.In this study,we report an OECT-based neuromorphic device with tunable relaxation time(τ)by introducing an additional vertical back-gate electrode into a planar structure.The dual-gate design enablesτreconfiguration from 93 to 541 ms.The tunable relaxation behaviors can be attributed to the combined effects of planar-gate induced electrochemical doping and back-gateinduced electrostatic coupling,as verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.Furthermore,we used theτ-tunable OECT devices as physical reservoirs in the RC system for intelligent driving trajectory prediction,achieving a significant improvement in prediction accuracy from below 69%to 99%.The results demonstrate that theτ-tunable OECT shows a promising candidate for multi-temporal scale neuromorphic computing applications.展开更多
Biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have been a research highlight in recent years owing to their remarkable biocompatibility,low operating voltage,and substantial signal amplification capabi...Biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have been a research highlight in recent years owing to their remarkable biocompatibility,low operating voltage,and substantial signal amplification capability.Especially,as an emerging fundamental device for biosensing,OECTs show great potential for pH,ions,molecules,and biomarker sensing.This review highlights the research progress of biomolecule sensors based on OECTs,focusing on recent publications in the past 5 years.Specifically,OECT-based biomolecule sensors for small molecules(glucose,dopamine,lactate,etc.that act as signals or effectors),and macromolecules(DNA,RNA,proteins,etc.that are often used as markers in physiology and medicine),are summarized.Additionally,emerging technologies and materials used to enhance sensitivity,detection limits,and detection ranges are described comprehensively.Last,aspects of OECT-based biomolecule sensors that need further improvement are discussed along with future opportunities and challenges.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:The biointerface between biological tissues and electronic devices serves as a medium for matter transport,signal transmission,and energy conversion.However,significant disparities in properties,such as mec...CONSPECTUS:The biointerface between biological tissues and electronic devices serves as a medium for matter transport,signal transmission,and energy conversion.However,significant disparities in properties,such as mechanical modulus and water content,between tissues and electronics,present a key challenge in bioelectronics,leading to biointerface mismatches that severely impact their performance and long-term stability.Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),fabricated with soft,hydrophilic organic semiconductors,offer unique advantages,including low operating voltage,high transconductance,and compatibility with aqueous environments.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have emerged as essential components in various applications,including bioelectronics,neuromorphics,sensing,and flexible electronics.Recently,efforts have been directed toward...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have emerged as essential components in various applications,including bioelectronics,neuromorphics,sensing,and flexible electronics.Recently,efforts have been directed toward developing flexible and sustainable OECTs to enhance their integration into wearable and implantable biomedical devices.In this work,we introduce a novel PEDOT:Sacran bio-nanocomposite as a channel material for flexible and biodegradable OECTs.Sacran,a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide derived from blue-green algae,possesses exceptional ionic conductivity,water retention,and biocompatibility,making it a promising candidate for bioelectronic applications.We successfully fabricated ultrathin and flexible OECTs on poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)foils,achieving transconductance values up to 7.4 mS.The devices exhibited stable ion-to-electron transduction after mechanical deformation.The OECTs were further demonstrated on eco-friendly and biodegradable poly(lactic acid)(PLA)substrates,achieving a transconductance of 1.6 mS and undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis under controlled conditions.This study highlights the potential of Sacran-based conductive bio-nanocomposites in advancing sustainable bioelectronic devices.展开更多
Fiber-based Organic Electrochemical Transistors(F-OECTs)overcome limitations of planar OECTs by enabling mechanical flexibility and textile integration.Their fibrillary conductive structures support stable performance...Fiber-based Organic Electrochemical Transistors(F-OECTs)overcome limitations of planar OECTs by enabling mechanical flexibility and textile integration.Their fibrillary conductive structures support stable performance under strain,making them ideal for wearable and biomedical applications.This review highlights recent advancements in F-OECT fabrication,integration strategies,and sensing capabilities,aiming to address the current lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising technologies for biosensing and braininspired computing due to their low-power signal amplification and neuron-like behavior.However,their manufacturing remains ...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising technologies for biosensing and braininspired computing due to their low-power signal amplification and neuron-like behavior.However,their manufacturing remains complex,especially when fabricated into flexible forms.To address the growing demand for flexible OECTs in wearable bioelectronics,in this work,we propose:i)a rapid and low-cost fabrication approach using flexible PCB(fPCB)technology and customized inkjet printing;ii)a non-aqueous gel-gated approach to improve the electrochemical stability of flexible OECTs associated with fPCBs;and iii)the above two approaches help accomplish the following concept:lowcost,integrated,and in-sensing computing system can be more readily realized with flexible OECT devices.This platform has been validated for scalability,stability,and performance in real-world applications,paving the way for developing low-cost,flexible,multifunctional OECT systems.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)have been extensively studied,yet devices fabricated via electropolymerization remain underexplored in terms of the underlying ...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)have been extensively studied,yet devices fabricated via electropolymerization remain underexplored in terms of the underlying ionic dynamics and the potential for flexible integration.In this work,we demonstrate robust OECTs based on electropolymerized PEDOT,exhibiting negligible drain current degradation after 1000 cycles of operation in aqueous NaCl.Compared to inkjet-printed devices,they offer markedly superior cycling stability,which is further enhanced by the incorporation of the small anionic dopant ClO_(4)^(-).We also show flexible,lightweight OECTs by electropolymerizing PEDOT on ultrathin parylene substrates,achieving stable performance under mechanical strain.Furthermore,Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation(EQCM-D)analysis reveals distinct ion transport behavior in PEDOT:ClO4,where dopant ejection dominates doping/dedoping process,unlike in PEDOT:PSS.This study underscores the advantages of electropolymerization and small-ion doping,offering new mechanistic insights and advancing the design of high-performance,flexible OECTs for bioelectronic applications.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are emerging organic semiconducting devices intensively used in biological detection,environmental monitoring,biomimetic electronics,and computing circuits,due to the high tra...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are emerging organic semiconducting devices intensively used in biological detection,environmental monitoring,biomimetic electronics,and computing circuits,due to the high transconductance,low working voltage,and exceptional biocompatibility.Most reported OECTs are based on planar structures built by two dimensional(2D)semiconducting materials,which have found great challenges of rigid architecture,complicated fabrication,and small-scale production.To improve overall performance and extend the use of OECTs into wearables,integralization,miniaturization,and intellectualization,researchers have made intensive efforts to use 1D conducting polymer fibres as active channel for building new breed of fibrebased OECTs,namely F-OECTs.Here we present the research progress of F-OECTs along three lines:working principles,evaluation methods,and applications.Covering from P-type polymer to N-type polymer,various kinds of conducting polymers have been processed into channel materials of F-OECTs through mainstream wet spinning methods.The prepared F-OECTs have been widely used in in vivo recording,in vitro detection,neuromorphic sensing,and logical circuits.To conclude this review,we summarized current challenges in terms of performance optimization and material innovation,further suggesting possible solutions.This review could provide guidance for understanding the working principles of F-OECTs,designing high-performance F-OECTs,and fabricating advanced electronics.展开更多
Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)combine electron/ionic transport with organic semiconductor flexibility to connect biology and electronics.As they approach industrial use,optimizing performance requires accu...Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)combine electron/ionic transport with organic semiconductor flexibility to connect biology and electronics.As they approach industrial use,optimizing performance requires accurate modeling of their structure.This study presents a twodimensional(2D)OECT model based on Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations that explicitly includes volumetric capacitance(CV).Unlike previous models that ignore CV,our model highlights its essential role in OECT operation,allowing us to accurately match the measured output currents of PEDOT:PSS printed OECTs.We studied how parameters like diffusion coefficients of holes and ions,fixed anion concentration,and intrinsic capacitance affect transistor performance.We analyze existing OECT models,noting that different frameworks,despite varying assumptions,can reproduce data.This question relies solely on experimental agreement for validation.We argue that models should also be evaluated on their physical principles.To assist readers,we provide COMSOL.mph files for 1D and 2D OECT models for device design and optimization.展开更多
Neuromorphic computing targets realizing biomimetic or intelligence systems capable of processing abundant tasks in parallel analogously to our brain,and organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)that rely on the mixe...Neuromorphic computing targets realizing biomimetic or intelligence systems capable of processing abundant tasks in parallel analogously to our brain,and organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)that rely on the mixed ionic-electronic synergistic couple possess significant similarity to biological systems for implementing synaptic functions.However,the lack of reliable stretchability for synaptic OECTs,where mechanical deformation occurs,leads to consequent degradation of electrical performance.Herein,we demonstrate stretchable synaptic OECTs by adopting a three-dimensional poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene(SEBS)blend porous elastic film for neuromorphic computing.Such architecture shows the full capability to emulate biological synaptic behaviors.Adjusting the accumulated layer numbers of porous film enables tunable OECT output and hysteresis,resulting in transition in plasticity.Especially,with a trilayer porous film,large-scale conductance and hysteresis are endorsed for efficient mimicking of memory-dependent synapse behavior.Benefitted from the interconnected three-dimensional porous structures,corresponding stretchable synaptic OECTs exhibit excellent mechanical robustness when stretched at a 30%strain,and maintain reliable electrical characteristics after 500 stretching cycles.Furthermore,near-ideal weight updates with near-zero nonlinearities,symmetricity in long-term potentiation(LTP)and depression,and applications for image simulation are validated.This work paves a universal design strategy toward highperformance stretchable neuromorphic computing architecture and could be extended to other flexible/stretchable electronics.展开更多
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),essential components in bioelectronics,serve as a bridge between biological systems and electronic interfaces by converting ionic signals into electronic currents,making them crucial for applications like implantable biosensors,wearable health monitors,and neuromorphic computing architectures[1,2].Despite their ability to bind directly to biological fluids and tissues,and excellent conformal interfaces with dynamic surfaces such as human skin,due to repeated electrochemical cycling,exposure to environmental factors,and parasitic reactions,OECTs still face persistent stability issues that often manifest as hysteresis in device performance,continuously limiting their potential for long-term bioelectronic applications[3,4].Therefore,addressing this instability is crucial to unlocking the full potential of OECTs in chronic medical monitoring,adaptive biohybrid systems,and energy-efficient neuromorphic hardware.
基金Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory 2022SLABFN06the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51902109)+3 种基金Basic Research Program of Guangzhou 202201010546Special Funds for the Cultivation of Guangdong college students’Scientific and Technological Innovation(‘Climbing Program’,pdjh2021b0136)National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52003091)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515140155)for financial support.
文摘Organic electronics have gained significant attention in the field of biosensors owing to their immense potential for economical,lightweight,and adaptable sensing devices.This review explores the potential of organic electronics-based biosensors as a revolutionary technology for biosensing applications.The focus is on two types of organic biosensors:organic field effect transistor(OFET)and organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)biosensors.OFET biosensors have found extensive application in glucose,DNA,enzyme,ion,and gas sensing applications,but suffer from limitations related to low sensitivity and selectivity.On the other hand,OECT biosensors have shown superior performance in sensitivity,selectivity,and signal-to-noise ratio,owing to their unique mechanism of operation,which involves the modulation of electrolyte concentration to regulate the conductivity of the active layer.Recent advancements in OECT biosensors have demonstrated their potential for biomedical and environmental sensing,including the detection of neurotransmitters,bacteria,and heavy metals.Overall,the future directions of OFET and OECT biosensors involve overcoming these challenges and developing advanced devices with improved sensitivity,selectivity,reproducibility,and stability.The potential applications span diverse fields including human health,food analysis,and environment monitoring.Continued research and development in organic biosensors hold great promise for significant advancements in sensing technology,opening up new possibilities for biomedical and environmental applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB3608300in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grants 62404050,U2341218,62574056,62204052。
文摘Organic electrochemical transistor(OECT)devices demonstrate great promising potential for reservoir computing(RC)systems,but their lack of tunable dynamic characteristics limits their application in multi-temporal scale tasks.In this study,we report an OECT-based neuromorphic device with tunable relaxation time(τ)by introducing an additional vertical back-gate electrode into a planar structure.The dual-gate design enablesτreconfiguration from 93 to 541 ms.The tunable relaxation behaviors can be attributed to the combined effects of planar-gate induced electrochemical doping and back-gateinduced electrostatic coupling,as verified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.Furthermore,we used theτ-tunable OECT devices as physical reservoirs in the RC system for intelligent driving trajectory prediction,achieving a significant improvement in prediction accuracy from below 69%to 99%.The results demonstrate that theτ-tunable OECT shows a promising candidate for multi-temporal scale neuromorphic computing applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2411800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62303094,62273073)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFB3211600,2022YFE0134800)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan(2025ZNSFSC0515)the Key Research Project of the Henan Educational Committee of China(24A413001)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20230024080002)Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau(2023-YF06-00028-HZ)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2024XJ029).
文摘Biosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have been a research highlight in recent years owing to their remarkable biocompatibility,low operating voltage,and substantial signal amplification capability.Especially,as an emerging fundamental device for biosensing,OECTs show great potential for pH,ions,molecules,and biomarker sensing.This review highlights the research progress of biomolecule sensors based on OECTs,focusing on recent publications in the past 5 years.Specifically,OECT-based biomolecule sensors for small molecules(glucose,dopamine,lactate,etc.that act as signals or effectors),and macromolecules(DNA,RNA,proteins,etc.that are often used as markers in physiology and medicine),are summarized.Additionally,emerging technologies and materials used to enhance sensitivity,detection limits,and detection ranges are described comprehensively.Last,aspects of OECT-based biomolecule sensors that need further improvement are discussed along with future opportunities and challenges.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF0509300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2425010).
文摘CONSPECTUS:The biointerface between biological tissues and electronic devices serves as a medium for matter transport,signal transmission,and energy conversion.However,significant disparities in properties,such as mechanical modulus and water content,between tissues and electronics,present a key challenge in bioelectronics,leading to biointerface mismatches that severely impact their performance and long-term stability.Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs),fabricated with soft,hydrophilic organic semiconductors,offer unique advantages,including low operating voltage,high transconductance,and compatibility with aqueous environments.
基金funded by the State of Upper Austria and the Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research for the Young Researcher Project“BIOCOM”grant(LIT-2022-11-YOU-221)support of the Austrian Science Foundation(FWF)with the Wittgenstein Prize(Z222 N19)+3 种基金support by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 101016411“Soft Milli-robotsSOMIRO”and European Research Council(ERC)Starting Grant“GEL-SYS”under grant agreement number 757931the Research Infrastructure Nano EnviCz,supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under project no.LM2023066the European Regional Development Fund—Project Excellence in Regenerative Medicine(No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004562)support from the project‘EINSTEIN’’,project no.101136377(HORIZON-WIDERA-2023-ACCESS-03)。
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)have emerged as essential components in various applications,including bioelectronics,neuromorphics,sensing,and flexible electronics.Recently,efforts have been directed toward developing flexible and sustainable OECTs to enhance their integration into wearable and implantable biomedical devices.In this work,we introduce a novel PEDOT:Sacran bio-nanocomposite as a channel material for flexible and biodegradable OECTs.Sacran,a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide derived from blue-green algae,possesses exceptional ionic conductivity,water retention,and biocompatibility,making it a promising candidate for bioelectronic applications.We successfully fabricated ultrathin and flexible OECTs on poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET)foils,achieving transconductance values up to 7.4 mS.The devices exhibited stable ion-to-electron transduction after mechanical deformation.The OECTs were further demonstrated on eco-friendly and biodegradable poly(lactic acid)(PLA)substrates,achieving a transconductance of 1.6 mS and undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis under controlled conditions.This study highlights the potential of Sacran-based conductive bio-nanocomposites in advancing sustainable bioelectronic devices.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00405818,and No.RS-2024-00348264).
文摘Fiber-based Organic Electrochemical Transistors(F-OECTs)overcome limitations of planar OECTs by enabling mechanical flexibility and textile integration.Their fibrillary conductive structures support stable performance under strain,making them ideal for wearable and biomedical applications.This review highlights recent advancements in F-OECT fabrication,integration strategies,and sensing capabilities,aiming to address the current lack of comprehensive reviews in this emerging field.
基金supported by grants from the the Collaborative Research Fund(C7005-23Y)the Theme-based Research Scheme(T45-701/22-R)from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government+1 种基金the Innovation and Technology Fund(Mainland-Hong Kong Joint Funding Scheme,MHP/053/21,MHP/066/20)from the Hong Kong SAR Governmentthe Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Technology Research Programme(SGDX20210823103537034)from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee,and the Seed Funding for Strategic Interdisciplinary Research Scheme from the University of Hong Kong(HKU).
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are promising technologies for biosensing and braininspired computing due to their low-power signal amplification and neuron-like behavior.However,their manufacturing remains complex,especially when fabricated into flexible forms.To address the growing demand for flexible OECTs in wearable bioelectronics,in this work,we propose:i)a rapid and low-cost fabrication approach using flexible PCB(fPCB)technology and customized inkjet printing;ii)a non-aqueous gel-gated approach to improve the electrochemical stability of flexible OECTs associated with fPCBs;and iii)the above two approaches help accomplish the following concept:lowcost,integrated,and in-sensing computing system can be more readily realized with flexible OECT devices.This platform has been validated for scalability,stability,and performance in real-world applications,paving the way for developing low-cost,flexible,multifunctional OECT systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Council Canada(NSERC)through Discovery Grants awarded to F.C.and J.M.and National Defense Canada(IDEaS project CFPMN1-008,awarded to F.C.).
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)have been extensively studied,yet devices fabricated via electropolymerization remain underexplored in terms of the underlying ionic dynamics and the potential for flexible integration.In this work,we demonstrate robust OECTs based on electropolymerized PEDOT,exhibiting negligible drain current degradation after 1000 cycles of operation in aqueous NaCl.Compared to inkjet-printed devices,they offer markedly superior cycling stability,which is further enhanced by the incorporation of the small anionic dopant ClO_(4)^(-).We also show flexible,lightweight OECTs by electropolymerizing PEDOT on ultrathin parylene substrates,achieving stable performance under mechanical strain.Furthermore,Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation(EQCM-D)analysis reveals distinct ion transport behavior in PEDOT:ClO4,where dopant ejection dominates doping/dedoping process,unlike in PEDOT:PSS.This study underscores the advantages of electropolymerization and small-ion doping,offering new mechanistic insights and advancing the design of high-performance,flexible OECTs for bioelectronic applications.
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)are emerging organic semiconducting devices intensively used in biological detection,environmental monitoring,biomimetic electronics,and computing circuits,due to the high transconductance,low working voltage,and exceptional biocompatibility.Most reported OECTs are based on planar structures built by two dimensional(2D)semiconducting materials,which have found great challenges of rigid architecture,complicated fabrication,and small-scale production.To improve overall performance and extend the use of OECTs into wearables,integralization,miniaturization,and intellectualization,researchers have made intensive efforts to use 1D conducting polymer fibres as active channel for building new breed of fibrebased OECTs,namely F-OECTs.Here we present the research progress of F-OECTs along three lines:working principles,evaluation methods,and applications.Covering from P-type polymer to N-type polymer,various kinds of conducting polymers have been processed into channel materials of F-OECTs through mainstream wet spinning methods.The prepared F-OECTs have been widely used in in vivo recording,in vitro detection,neuromorphic sensing,and logical circuits.To conclude this review,we summarized current challenges in terms of performance optimization and material innovation,further suggesting possible solutions.This review could provide guidance for understanding the working principles of F-OECTs,designing high-performance F-OECTs,and fabricating advanced electronics.
基金support from Advanced Functional Materials at Linköping Universitysupport from Swedish research Council(2024-04449)+1 种基金from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(KAW)through the Wallenberg Wood Science Center 3.0(KAW 2021.0313)provided by the National Academic Infrastructure for Supercomputing in Sweden(NAISS)at NSC and PDC.
文摘Organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)combine electron/ionic transport with organic semiconductor flexibility to connect biology and electronics.As they approach industrial use,optimizing performance requires accurate modeling of their structure.This study presents a twodimensional(2D)OECT model based on Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations that explicitly includes volumetric capacitance(CV).Unlike previous models that ignore CV,our model highlights its essential role in OECT operation,allowing us to accurately match the measured output currents of PEDOT:PSS printed OECTs.We studied how parameters like diffusion coefficients of holes and ions,fixed anion concentration,and intrinsic capacitance affect transistor performance.We analyze existing OECT models,noting that different frameworks,despite varying assumptions,can reproduce data.This question relies solely on experimental agreement for validation.We argue that models should also be evaluated on their physical principles.To assist readers,we provide COMSOL.mph files for 1D and 2D OECT models for device design and optimization.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0134800)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20492,62275041,and 62273073)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2022YFH0081,2022YFG0012,2022YFG0013,and 2022NSFSC0877)This work was also sponsored by the Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Display Science and Technology,and Qiantang Science&Technology Innovation CenterW.H.also thanks the financial support of the UESTC Excellent Young Scholar Project。
文摘Neuromorphic computing targets realizing biomimetic or intelligence systems capable of processing abundant tasks in parallel analogously to our brain,and organic electrochemical transistors(OECTs)that rely on the mixed ionic-electronic synergistic couple possess significant similarity to biological systems for implementing synaptic functions.However,the lack of reliable stretchability for synaptic OECTs,where mechanical deformation occurs,leads to consequent degradation of electrical performance.Herein,we demonstrate stretchable synaptic OECTs by adopting a three-dimensional poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene(SEBS)blend porous elastic film for neuromorphic computing.Such architecture shows the full capability to emulate biological synaptic behaviors.Adjusting the accumulated layer numbers of porous film enables tunable OECT output and hysteresis,resulting in transition in plasticity.Especially,with a trilayer porous film,large-scale conductance and hysteresis are endorsed for efficient mimicking of memory-dependent synapse behavior.Benefitted from the interconnected three-dimensional porous structures,corresponding stretchable synaptic OECTs exhibit excellent mechanical robustness when stretched at a 30%strain,and maintain reliable electrical characteristics after 500 stretching cycles.Furthermore,near-ideal weight updates with near-zero nonlinearities,symmetricity in long-term potentiation(LTP)and depression,and applications for image simulation are validated.This work paves a universal design strategy toward highperformance stretchable neuromorphic computing architecture and could be extended to other flexible/stretchable electronics.
