An intrinsic property of software in a real-world environment is its need to evolve, which is usually accompanied by the increase of software complexity and deterioration of software quality, making software maintenan...An intrinsic property of software in a real-world environment is its need to evolve, which is usually accompanied by the increase of software complexity and deterioration of software quality, making software maintenance a tough problem. Refactoring is regarded as an effective way to address this problem. Many refactoring approaches at the method and class level have been proposed. But the research on software refactoring at the package level is very little. This paper presents a novel approach to refactor the package structures of object oriented software. It uses software networks to represent classes and their dependencies. It proposes a constrained community detection algorithm to obtain the optimized community structures in software networks, which also correspond to the optimized package structures. And it finally provides a list of classes as refactoring candidates by comparing the optimized package structures with the real package structures. The empirical evaluation of the proposed approach has been performed in two open source Java projects, and the benefits of our approach are illustrated in comparison with the other three approaches.展开更多
A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-basedthree-dimensionalbunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented.The software package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by t...A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-basedthree-dimensionalbunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented.The software package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by the high-speed oscilloscope as input,and it calculates and outputs the bunch-by-bunch charge and position.In addition to enabling a three-dimensional observation of the motion of each passing bunch on all beam position monitor pick-up electrodes,it offers many additional features such as injection analysis,bunch response function reconstruction,and turn-by-turn beam analysis.The software package has an easy-to-understand graphical user interface and convenient interactive operation,which has been verified on the Windows 10 system.展开更多
The magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)results are greatly influenced by reconstruction of the spectrum and quantitative analysis.Because of this requirement a number of programs dedicated to MRS data analysis were d...The magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)results are greatly influenced by reconstruction of the spectrum and quantitative analysis.Because of this requirement a number of programs dedicated to MRS data analysis were developed.The selection and use of appropriate software is crucial not only in clinical procedures,but also while carrying out scientific research.The choice of the software to suit the user's needs should be based on the analysis of the functionality of the program.It is particularly important from the user's viewpoint to identify what data can be loaded and processed in the program.The specific programs allow the user different degree of control over analysis parameters.Moreover,the programs for MRS data analysis differ in terms of the applied signal processing algorithms.The aim of this work,therefore,is to review available packages designed for MRS data analysis,taking into account their capabilities and limitations.展开更多
This paper introduces a software specially in calculating the contribution rate of machanization in agriculture by usng economy math method,computer technology and Visual Basic 6.0 version.The software package has fri...This paper introduces a software specially in calculating the contribution rate of machanization in agriculture by usng economy math method,computer technology and Visual Basic 6.0 version.The software package has friendly interface,simple operating way and accurate,feasible calculating method.It greatly changes the condition in the past which had considerable lots of data and miscellaneous and trivial methods,which were even hard to seek answer.So it has very high practicl value.展开更多
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a usual way for analysing experiments. However, depending on the design and/or the analysis scheme, it can be a hard task. ExpDes, acronym for Experimental Designs, is a package that in...Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a usual way for analysing experiments. However, depending on the design and/or the analysis scheme, it can be a hard task. ExpDes, acronym for Experimental Designs, is a package that intends to turn such task easier. Devoted to fixed models and balanced experiments (no missing data), ExpDes allows user to deal with additional treatments in a single run, several experiment designs and exhibits standard and easy-to-interpret outputs. It was developed at the Exact Sciences Institute of the Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil. Stable versions of package ExpDes are available on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) since 2012. Based on users’ feedback, the package was used to illustrate graduation and post-graduation classes and to carry out data analysis, in Brazil and many other countries. Package ExpDes differs from the other R tools in its easiness in use and cleanliness of output.展开更多
The real-time software system for production process supervision is a inte-gral system,including on-line function subsystem for supervision and off-line auxiliarysubsystem for development and diagnosis.This paper intr...The real-time software system for production process supervision is a inte-gral system,including on-line function subsystem for supervision and off-line auxiliarysubsystem for development and diagnosis.This paper introduces a real-time software sys-tem which has been used in a power station for monitoring a large capacity thermal gener-ating unit.The subsystems,environment,performance and development of the system areexplained,and the common problems about real-time software system are described.展开更多
Recent estimates indicate that more than half the software market belongs to enterprise applications. One of the greatest challenges in these is in conducting the complex process of adaptation of pre-packaged applicat...Recent estimates indicate that more than half the software market belongs to enterprise applications. One of the greatest challenges in these is in conducting the complex process of adaptation of pre-packaged applications, such as Oracle or SAP, to the organization needs. Although very detailed, structured and well documented methods govern this process, the consulting team implementing the method must spend much manual effort in making sure that the guidelines of the method are followed as intended by the method author. The problem is exacerbated by the diversity of skills and roles of team members, and the many sorts of communications of collaboration that methods prescribe. By enhancing the metamodel in which the methods are defined, we automatically produce a CASE tool (so to speak) for the applications of these methods. Our results are successfully employed in a number of large, ongoing projects with demonstrable, non-meager saving.展开更多
Researchers must understand that naively relying on the reliability of statistical software packages may result in suboptimal, biased, or erroneous results, which affects applied economic theory and the conclusions an...Researchers must understand that naively relying on the reliability of statistical software packages may result in suboptimal, biased, or erroneous results, which affects applied economic theory and the conclusions and policy recommendations drawn from it. To create confidence in a result, several software packages should be applied to the same estimation problem. This study examines the results of three software packages (EViews, R, and Stata) in the analysis of time-series econometric data. The time-series data analysis which presents the determinants of macroeconomic growth of Sri Lanka from 1978 to 2020 has been used. The study focuses on testing for stationarity, cointegration, and significant relationships among the variables. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips Perron tests were employed in this study to test for stationarity, while the Johansen cointegration test was utilized to test for cointegration. The study employs the vector error correction model to assess the short-run and long-term dynamics of the variables in an attempt to determine the relationship between them. Finally, the Granger Causality test is employed in order to examine the linear causation between the concerned variables. The study revealed that the results produced by three software packages for the same dataset and the same lag order vary significantly. This implies that time series econometrics results are sensitive to the software that is used by the researchers while providing different policy implications even for the same dataset. The present study highlights the necessity of further analysis to investigate the impact of software packages in time series analysis of economic scenarios.展开更多
背景:疼痛是膝骨关节炎的主要症状,严重影响老年患者的生活质量。膝骨关节炎疼痛机制复杂,涉及多组织、多学科,需要可视化分析了解其主要内容与研究热点。目的:运用文献计量学可视化软件分析归纳膝骨关节炎疼痛领域的前沿内容和研究热...背景:疼痛是膝骨关节炎的主要症状,严重影响老年患者的生活质量。膝骨关节炎疼痛机制复杂,涉及多组织、多学科,需要可视化分析了解其主要内容与研究热点。目的:运用文献计量学可视化软件分析归纳膝骨关节炎疼痛领域的前沿内容和研究热点。方法:从Web of Science核心合集(Web of Science Core Collection,WoSCC)中检索2014-2024年膝骨关节炎疼痛领域的相关文献,运用Citespace、VOSviewer和Bibliometrix R-package三个可视化软件进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果与结论:①膝骨关节炎疼痛研究的发文量呈现逐年递增的趋势;②美国、中国、澳大利亚是该领域10年内发文量排名前三的国家;波士顿大学、悉尼大学、弗洛里达大学是发文量前三的科研机构;《OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE》是出版该领域文献最多的期刊,《PAIN》则是该领域被引次数最多的期刊;发文量最多的作者是Fillingim Roger B,该领域的核心作者之间已经建立了一些稳定的团队,但国际性合作尚有欠缺;③膝骨关节炎疼痛患者的日常管理(运动、心理、智能管理)、疼痛的炎症机制、蛋白组学、联合用药、中枢敏化和疼痛调节是膝骨关节炎疼痛研究的重点内容;人工智能辅助、体外冲击波疗法、射频消融术、神经冷冻术、关节腔内注射血液或细胞制剂可能是该领域的研究前沿。展开更多
In recent years,ROS(Robot Operating System)packages have become increasingly popular as a type of software artifact that can be effectively reused in robotic software development.Indeed,finding suitable ROS packages t...In recent years,ROS(Robot Operating System)packages have become increasingly popular as a type of software artifact that can be effectively reused in robotic software development.Indeed,finding suitable ROS packages that closely match the software’s functional requirements from the vast number of available packages is a nontrivial task using current search methods.The traditional search methods for ROS packages often involve inputting keywords related to robotic tasks into general-purpose search engines(e.g.,Google)or code hosting platforms(e.g.,GitHub)to obtain approximate results of all potentially suitable ROS packages.However,the accuracy of these search methods remains relatively low because the task-related keywords may not precisely match the functionalities offered by the ROS packages.To improve the search accuracy of ROS packages,this paper presents a novel semantic-based search approach that relies on the semanticlevel ROS Package Knowledge Graph(RPKG)to automatically retrieve the most suitable ROS packages.Firstly,to construct the RPKG,we employ multi-dimensional feature extraction techniques to extract semantic concepts,including code file name,category,hardware device,characteristics,and function,from the dataset of ROS package text descriptions.The semantic features extracted from this process result in a substantial number of entities(32,294)and relationships(54,698).Subsequently,we create a robot domain-specific small corpus and further fine-tune a pre-trained language model,BERT-ROS,to generate embeddings that effectively represent the semantics of the extracted features.These embeddings play a crucial role in facilitating semantic-level understanding and comparisons during the ROS package search process within the RPKG.Secondly,we introduce a novel semantic matching-based search algorithm that incorporates the weighted similarities of multiple features from user search queries,which searches out more accurate ROS packages than the traditional keyword search method.To validate the enhanced accuracy of ROS package searching,we conduct comparative case studies between our semantic-based search approach and four baseline search approaches:ROS Index,GitHub,Google,and ChatGPT.The experiment results demonstrate that our approach achieves higher accuracy in terms of ROS package searching,outperforming the other approaches by at least 21%from 5 levels,including top1,top5,top10,top15,and top20.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 61202048)Zhejiang Provincial Nature Science Foundation of China(No. LQ12F02011)Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering of Wuhan University of China(No. SKLSE-2012-09-21)
文摘An intrinsic property of software in a real-world environment is its need to evolve, which is usually accompanied by the increase of software complexity and deterioration of software quality, making software maintenance a tough problem. Refactoring is regarded as an effective way to address this problem. Many refactoring approaches at the method and class level have been proposed. But the research on software refactoring at the package level is very little. This paper presents a novel approach to refactor the package structures of object oriented software. It uses software networks to represent classes and their dependencies. It proposes a constrained community detection algorithm to obtain the optimized community structures in software networks, which also correspond to the optimized package structures. And it finally provides a list of classes as refactoring candidates by comparing the optimized package structures with the real package structures. The empirical evaluation of the proposed approach has been performed in two open source Java projects, and the benefits of our approach are illustrated in comparison with the other three approaches.
基金supported by the Ten Thousand Talent Program and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11575282)the Ten Thousand Talent Program and Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Technology Talent Program。
文摘A software package to be used in high-speed oscilloscope-basedthree-dimensionalbunch-by-bunch charge and position measurement is presented.The software package takes the pick-up electrode signal waveform recorded by the high-speed oscilloscope as input,and it calculates and outputs the bunch-by-bunch charge and position.In addition to enabling a three-dimensional observation of the motion of each passing bunch on all beam position monitor pick-up electrodes,it offers many additional features such as injection analysis,bunch response function reconstruction,and turn-by-turn beam analysis.The software package has an easy-to-understand graphical user interface and convenient interactive operation,which has been verified on the Windows 10 system.
文摘The magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)results are greatly influenced by reconstruction of the spectrum and quantitative analysis.Because of this requirement a number of programs dedicated to MRS data analysis were developed.The selection and use of appropriate software is crucial not only in clinical procedures,but also while carrying out scientific research.The choice of the software to suit the user's needs should be based on the analysis of the functionality of the program.It is particularly important from the user's viewpoint to identify what data can be loaded and processed in the program.The specific programs allow the user different degree of control over analysis parameters.Moreover,the programs for MRS data analysis differ in terms of the applied signal processing algorithms.The aim of this work,therefore,is to review available packages designed for MRS data analysis,taking into account their capabilities and limitations.
文摘This paper introduces a software specially in calculating the contribution rate of machanization in agriculture by usng economy math method,computer technology and Visual Basic 6.0 version.The software package has friendly interface,simple operating way and accurate,feasible calculating method.It greatly changes the condition in the past which had considerable lots of data and miscellaneous and trivial methods,which were even hard to seek answer.So it has very high practicl value.
文摘Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a usual way for analysing experiments. However, depending on the design and/or the analysis scheme, it can be a hard task. ExpDes, acronym for Experimental Designs, is a package that intends to turn such task easier. Devoted to fixed models and balanced experiments (no missing data), ExpDes allows user to deal with additional treatments in a single run, several experiment designs and exhibits standard and easy-to-interpret outputs. It was developed at the Exact Sciences Institute of the Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil. Stable versions of package ExpDes are available on CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network) since 2012. Based on users’ feedback, the package was used to illustrate graduation and post-graduation classes and to carry out data analysis, in Brazil and many other countries. Package ExpDes differs from the other R tools in its easiness in use and cleanliness of output.
文摘The real-time software system for production process supervision is a inte-gral system,including on-line function subsystem for supervision and off-line auxiliarysubsystem for development and diagnosis.This paper introduces a real-time software sys-tem which has been used in a power station for monitoring a large capacity thermal gener-ating unit.The subsystems,environment,performance and development of the system areexplained,and the common problems about real-time software system are described.
文摘Recent estimates indicate that more than half the software market belongs to enterprise applications. One of the greatest challenges in these is in conducting the complex process of adaptation of pre-packaged applications, such as Oracle or SAP, to the organization needs. Although very detailed, structured and well documented methods govern this process, the consulting team implementing the method must spend much manual effort in making sure that the guidelines of the method are followed as intended by the method author. The problem is exacerbated by the diversity of skills and roles of team members, and the many sorts of communications of collaboration that methods prescribe. By enhancing the metamodel in which the methods are defined, we automatically produce a CASE tool (so to speak) for the applications of these methods. Our results are successfully employed in a number of large, ongoing projects with demonstrable, non-meager saving.
文摘Researchers must understand that naively relying on the reliability of statistical software packages may result in suboptimal, biased, or erroneous results, which affects applied economic theory and the conclusions and policy recommendations drawn from it. To create confidence in a result, several software packages should be applied to the same estimation problem. This study examines the results of three software packages (EViews, R, and Stata) in the analysis of time-series econometric data. The time-series data analysis which presents the determinants of macroeconomic growth of Sri Lanka from 1978 to 2020 has been used. The study focuses on testing for stationarity, cointegration, and significant relationships among the variables. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips Perron tests were employed in this study to test for stationarity, while the Johansen cointegration test was utilized to test for cointegration. The study employs the vector error correction model to assess the short-run and long-term dynamics of the variables in an attempt to determine the relationship between them. Finally, the Granger Causality test is employed in order to examine the linear causation between the concerned variables. The study revealed that the results produced by three software packages for the same dataset and the same lag order vary significantly. This implies that time series econometrics results are sensitive to the software that is used by the researchers while providing different policy implications even for the same dataset. The present study highlights the necessity of further analysis to investigate the impact of software packages in time series analysis of economic scenarios.
文摘背景:疼痛是膝骨关节炎的主要症状,严重影响老年患者的生活质量。膝骨关节炎疼痛机制复杂,涉及多组织、多学科,需要可视化分析了解其主要内容与研究热点。目的:运用文献计量学可视化软件分析归纳膝骨关节炎疼痛领域的前沿内容和研究热点。方法:从Web of Science核心合集(Web of Science Core Collection,WoSCC)中检索2014-2024年膝骨关节炎疼痛领域的相关文献,运用Citespace、VOSviewer和Bibliometrix R-package三个可视化软件进行文献计量与可视化分析。结果与结论:①膝骨关节炎疼痛研究的发文量呈现逐年递增的趋势;②美国、中国、澳大利亚是该领域10年内发文量排名前三的国家;波士顿大学、悉尼大学、弗洛里达大学是发文量前三的科研机构;《OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE》是出版该领域文献最多的期刊,《PAIN》则是该领域被引次数最多的期刊;发文量最多的作者是Fillingim Roger B,该领域的核心作者之间已经建立了一些稳定的团队,但国际性合作尚有欠缺;③膝骨关节炎疼痛患者的日常管理(运动、心理、智能管理)、疼痛的炎症机制、蛋白组学、联合用药、中枢敏化和疼痛调节是膝骨关节炎疼痛研究的重点内容;人工智能辅助、体外冲击波疗法、射频消融术、神经冷冻术、关节腔内注射血液或细胞制剂可能是该领域的研究前沿。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62172426)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB4503802)the National University of Defense Technology Young Scientist Self-Innovation Science Fund Project(ZK2023-36).
文摘In recent years,ROS(Robot Operating System)packages have become increasingly popular as a type of software artifact that can be effectively reused in robotic software development.Indeed,finding suitable ROS packages that closely match the software’s functional requirements from the vast number of available packages is a nontrivial task using current search methods.The traditional search methods for ROS packages often involve inputting keywords related to robotic tasks into general-purpose search engines(e.g.,Google)or code hosting platforms(e.g.,GitHub)to obtain approximate results of all potentially suitable ROS packages.However,the accuracy of these search methods remains relatively low because the task-related keywords may not precisely match the functionalities offered by the ROS packages.To improve the search accuracy of ROS packages,this paper presents a novel semantic-based search approach that relies on the semanticlevel ROS Package Knowledge Graph(RPKG)to automatically retrieve the most suitable ROS packages.Firstly,to construct the RPKG,we employ multi-dimensional feature extraction techniques to extract semantic concepts,including code file name,category,hardware device,characteristics,and function,from the dataset of ROS package text descriptions.The semantic features extracted from this process result in a substantial number of entities(32,294)and relationships(54,698).Subsequently,we create a robot domain-specific small corpus and further fine-tune a pre-trained language model,BERT-ROS,to generate embeddings that effectively represent the semantics of the extracted features.These embeddings play a crucial role in facilitating semantic-level understanding and comparisons during the ROS package search process within the RPKG.Secondly,we introduce a novel semantic matching-based search algorithm that incorporates the weighted similarities of multiple features from user search queries,which searches out more accurate ROS packages than the traditional keyword search method.To validate the enhanced accuracy of ROS package searching,we conduct comparative case studies between our semantic-based search approach and four baseline search approaches:ROS Index,GitHub,Google,and ChatGPT.The experiment results demonstrate that our approach achieves higher accuracy in terms of ROS package searching,outperforming the other approaches by at least 21%from 5 levels,including top1,top5,top10,top15,and top20.
