The pressurized combustion experiments of bituminous coal and lignite under air and O2/CO2 atmospheres were conducted to study the influences of pressure and atmosphere on combustion and the CO, NO, SO2 release proces...The pressurized combustion experiments of bituminous coal and lignite under air and O2/CO2 atmospheres were conducted to study the influences of pressure and atmosphere on combustion and the CO, NO, SO2 release process. Two indices, the maximum concentration and the total emission, were applied to quantitatively evaluate the influence of several different operating parameters such as pressure, atmosphere and temperature on the formation of NO and SO2 during coal combustion in the fluidized bed. The experimental results show that the releasing profiles of CO, NO and SO2 during coal combustion under a pressurized oxy- fuel atmosphere are similar to those under a pressurized air atmosphere, and the curves of measured gas components are all unimodal. Under the oxy-fuel condition, pressure increasing from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa can cause the inhibition of NO and SO2 emission. The elevation of temperature can lead to an increase in the maximum concentration and the total production of NO and SO2, and the increase under atmospheric pressure is higher than that under high pressure.展开更多
The thermogravimetric analyzer and horizontal tube furnace are used to study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature, fuel type, and oxygen concentration on the combustion and NO emission characteristi...The thermogravimetric analyzer and horizontal tube furnace are used to study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature, fuel type, and oxygen concentration on the combustion and NO emission characteristics of the rice husk, rice straw, and peanut shell in the O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results show that the combustion performances of volatile matter and fixed carbon of the three biomasses increase with the increase in the 02 content. The mean NO emission increases sharply when the reaction temperature increases from 700 to 800℃. However, it increases slightly when the temperature exceeds 800 ℃. Meanwhile, the mean NO emission and nitrogen conversion decrease with the increase in the nitrogen content in biomass. The mean NO emission changes little with different oxygen concentrations, and the NO emissions of the three biomasses are all lower than the requirement for the minimum NO emission. Increasing the oxygen concentration favors the biomass combustion in the O2/CO2 atmosphere, and oxygen concentration has little effect on the NO emission.展开更多
Engineering the morphology of the support is effective in tuning the redox properties of active metals for efficient catalytic methane combustion via tailoring the metal-support interaction.Herein,uniform Ir nanoparti...Engineering the morphology of the support is effective in tuning the redox properties of active metals for efficient catalytic methane combustion via tailoring the metal-support interaction.Herein,uniform Ir nanoparticles supported on anatase TiO_(2)with different morphologies predominantly exposing{100},{101},and{001}planes were synthesized and tested for methane combustion.The CH_(4) catalytic activity shows a remarkable TiO_(2)-facet-dependent effect and follows the order of Ir/TiO_(2)-{100}>Ir/TiO_(2)-{101}>>Ir/TiO_(2)-{001}.Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations reveal that compared with Ir-TiO_(2)-{101}and Ir-TiO_(2)-{001}interfaces,the superior Ir-TiO_(2)-{100}interface facilitates the generation of electron-rich Ir species through more profound charge transfer from TiO_(2)-{100}to Ir atoms.The electron-rich Ir structure,featuring abundant defect oxygen vacancies,significantly enhances the redox properties of active Ir species and reduces the activation energy for breaking the initial C-H bond in CH_(4),resulting in the superior catalytic activity for methane combustion.These findings deepen fundamental insights into the TiO_(2)-facet-dependent reactivity of different Ir/TiO_(2)nanomaterials in methane oxidation and pave the way for designing efficient Ir-based methane oxidation catalysts.展开更多
为探究稻茬小麦深施肥“一基一追”机艺融合技术的增产增效减排机制,2021—2024年在长江下游南通稻茬麦区开展大田试验。试验采用缓释掺混肥料(SRF,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=26∶12∶12)和普通尿素(U,46%N),结合自主研发的2BFGK-12(6)260...为探究稻茬小麦深施肥“一基一追”机艺融合技术的增产增效减排机制,2021—2024年在长江下游南通稻茬麦区开展大田试验。试验采用缓释掺混肥料(SRF,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=26∶12∶12)和普通尿素(U,46%N),结合自主研发的2BFGK-12(6)260全秸秆茬地洁区旋耕智能施肥播种机和3ZF-4(200)中耕追肥机,设置7种施肥模式(30 cm+15 cm宽窄行种植):以尿素4次分施(N 240 kg hm^(-2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2,窄行基施,追肥全田撒施)为对照(CK);减氮15%(N 204 kg hm^(-2))条件下设置6种处理:M_(1)(100%SRF窄行基施);M_(2)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%U拔节期窄行撒施);M_(3)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%U返青期宽行条施);M_(4)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%SRF返青期窄行撒施);M_(5)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%SRF返青期宽行条施);M_(4+5)(60%SRF窄行基施+20%SRF返青期宽行条施+20%SRF返青期窄行撒施)。研究比较不同施肥模式对小麦产量效益、根系形态生理、氮素利用效率及N_(2)O排放的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,M_(2)~M_(5)处理提高了小麦产量(4.0%~19.0%)和经济效益(13.7%~35.7%),其中M_(4)和M_(5)处理表现最优,分别增产14.1%和19.0%,经济效益提升34.5%和35.7%。这些处理明显改善了根系特性(根干重密度增加9.7%~111.8%,根系活力和氧化力分别提高6.8%~52.0%和4.2%~44.2%),降低N_(2)O累积排放量22.6%~34.5%,提高0~20 cm土层硝态氮含量11.2%~40.0%。在氮素利用方面,M_(2)~M_(5)处理均提高了籽粒氮素积累量、花后氮素积累量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率,氮肥利用效率指标(包括偏生产力、农学效率和表观利用率)分别显著提升了22.4%~40.0%、29.7%~74.3%和9.41~18.77个百分点。值得注意的是,M_(4)和M_(5)处理表现出最优的综合效益:N_(2)O累积排放量降幅最大(分别达27.0%和34.5%),氮肥表观利用率2季均维持在43.0%以上(均值分别为43.5%和46.8%),同时在生育后期保持较高的根系活性和耕层无机氮含量。相比之下,M_(1)处理虽然实现了最大的N_(2)O减排效果(降幅35.9%),但导致减产10.4%和经济效益下降10.8%,且氮肥利用效率呈现不稳定的年际变化特征。而优化处理M_(4+5)进一步改善了根系形态生理特性,并提高氮肥表观利用率和籽粒氮素积累量。综上,减氮15%条件下(N 204 kg hm^(-2)),缓混肥2次施用处理(M_(4)和M_(5))能实现产量、经济效益、氮肥利用效率和N_(2)O减排的协同提高,并以追肥深施处理(M_(5))效应更强。本研究为稻茬小麦缓释肥减氮优化高效应用提供重要理论依据。展开更多
A 20 wt% Ni/bentonite catalyst was prepared by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS), which exhibited higher activity for the CO_2methanation than that of an impregnation method (IPM), and the catalyst prepared by SCS...A 20 wt% Ni/bentonite catalyst was prepared by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS), which exhibited higher activity for the CO_2methanation than that of an impregnation method (IPM), and the catalyst prepared by SCS showed a CO_2 conversion of 85% and a CH4selectivity of 100% at 300 °C, atmospheric pressure, and 3600 ml·(g cat)-1·h-1, and the catalyst exhibited stable within a 110-h reaction. The results showed higher me- tallic Ni dispersion, smaller Ni particle size, larger specific surface area and lower reduction temperature in the Ni/ bentonite prepared by SCS than that of IPM. And the Ni/bentonite prepared by the SCS moderated the interaction between NiO and bentonite.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51206023)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB707301-3)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The pressurized combustion experiments of bituminous coal and lignite under air and O2/CO2 atmospheres were conducted to study the influences of pressure and atmosphere on combustion and the CO, NO, SO2 release process. Two indices, the maximum concentration and the total emission, were applied to quantitatively evaluate the influence of several different operating parameters such as pressure, atmosphere and temperature on the formation of NO and SO2 during coal combustion in the fluidized bed. The experimental results show that the releasing profiles of CO, NO and SO2 during coal combustion under a pressurized oxy- fuel atmosphere are similar to those under a pressurized air atmosphere, and the curves of measured gas components are all unimodal. Under the oxy-fuel condition, pressure increasing from 0.1 to 0.7 MPa can cause the inhibition of NO and SO2 emission. The elevation of temperature can lead to an increase in the maximum concentration and the total production of NO and SO2, and the increase under atmospheric pressure is higher than that under high pressure.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1508085ME73)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education(No.201406)
文摘The thermogravimetric analyzer and horizontal tube furnace are used to study the effects of operation parameters such as temperature, fuel type, and oxygen concentration on the combustion and NO emission characteristics of the rice husk, rice straw, and peanut shell in the O2/CO2 atmosphere. The results show that the combustion performances of volatile matter and fixed carbon of the three biomasses increase with the increase in the 02 content. The mean NO emission increases sharply when the reaction temperature increases from 700 to 800℃. However, it increases slightly when the temperature exceeds 800 ℃. Meanwhile, the mean NO emission and nitrogen conversion decrease with the increase in the nitrogen content in biomass. The mean NO emission changes little with different oxygen concentrations, and the NO emissions of the three biomasses are all lower than the requirement for the minimum NO emission. Increasing the oxygen concentration favors the biomass combustion in the O2/CO2 atmosphere, and oxygen concentration has little effect on the NO emission.
文摘Engineering the morphology of the support is effective in tuning the redox properties of active metals for efficient catalytic methane combustion via tailoring the metal-support interaction.Herein,uniform Ir nanoparticles supported on anatase TiO_(2)with different morphologies predominantly exposing{100},{101},and{001}planes were synthesized and tested for methane combustion.The CH_(4) catalytic activity shows a remarkable TiO_(2)-facet-dependent effect and follows the order of Ir/TiO_(2)-{100}>Ir/TiO_(2)-{101}>>Ir/TiO_(2)-{001}.Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations reveal that compared with Ir-TiO_(2)-{101}and Ir-TiO_(2)-{001}interfaces,the superior Ir-TiO_(2)-{100}interface facilitates the generation of electron-rich Ir species through more profound charge transfer from TiO_(2)-{100}to Ir atoms.The electron-rich Ir structure,featuring abundant defect oxygen vacancies,significantly enhances the redox properties of active Ir species and reduces the activation energy for breaking the initial C-H bond in CH_(4),resulting in the superior catalytic activity for methane combustion.These findings deepen fundamental insights into the TiO_(2)-facet-dependent reactivity of different Ir/TiO_(2)nanomaterials in methane oxidation and pave the way for designing efficient Ir-based methane oxidation catalysts.
文摘为探究稻茬小麦深施肥“一基一追”机艺融合技术的增产增效减排机制,2021—2024年在长江下游南通稻茬麦区开展大田试验。试验采用缓释掺混肥料(SRF,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=26∶12∶12)和普通尿素(U,46%N),结合自主研发的2BFGK-12(6)260全秸秆茬地洁区旋耕智能施肥播种机和3ZF-4(200)中耕追肥机,设置7种施肥模式(30 cm+15 cm宽窄行种植):以尿素4次分施(N 240 kg hm^(-2),基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=5∶1∶2∶2,窄行基施,追肥全田撒施)为对照(CK);减氮15%(N 204 kg hm^(-2))条件下设置6种处理:M_(1)(100%SRF窄行基施);M_(2)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%U拔节期窄行撒施);M_(3)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%U返青期宽行条施);M_(4)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%SRF返青期窄行撒施);M_(5)(60%SRF窄行基施+40%SRF返青期宽行条施);M_(4+5)(60%SRF窄行基施+20%SRF返青期宽行条施+20%SRF返青期窄行撒施)。研究比较不同施肥模式对小麦产量效益、根系形态生理、氮素利用效率及N_(2)O排放的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,M_(2)~M_(5)处理提高了小麦产量(4.0%~19.0%)和经济效益(13.7%~35.7%),其中M_(4)和M_(5)处理表现最优,分别增产14.1%和19.0%,经济效益提升34.5%和35.7%。这些处理明显改善了根系特性(根干重密度增加9.7%~111.8%,根系活力和氧化力分别提高6.8%~52.0%和4.2%~44.2%),降低N_(2)O累积排放量22.6%~34.5%,提高0~20 cm土层硝态氮含量11.2%~40.0%。在氮素利用方面,M_(2)~M_(5)处理均提高了籽粒氮素积累量、花后氮素积累量及其对籽粒氮素的贡献率,氮肥利用效率指标(包括偏生产力、农学效率和表观利用率)分别显著提升了22.4%~40.0%、29.7%~74.3%和9.41~18.77个百分点。值得注意的是,M_(4)和M_(5)处理表现出最优的综合效益:N_(2)O累积排放量降幅最大(分别达27.0%和34.5%),氮肥表观利用率2季均维持在43.0%以上(均值分别为43.5%和46.8%),同时在生育后期保持较高的根系活性和耕层无机氮含量。相比之下,M_(1)处理虽然实现了最大的N_(2)O减排效果(降幅35.9%),但导致减产10.4%和经济效益下降10.8%,且氮肥利用效率呈现不稳定的年际变化特征。而优化处理M_(4+5)进一步改善了根系形态生理特性,并提高氮肥表观利用率和籽粒氮素积累量。综上,减氮15%条件下(N 204 kg hm^(-2)),缓混肥2次施用处理(M_(4)和M_(5))能实现产量、经济效益、氮肥利用效率和N_(2)O减排的协同提高,并以追肥深施处理(M_(5))效应更强。本研究为稻茬小麦缓释肥减氮优化高效应用提供重要理论依据。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21566005)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2016GXNSFFA380015)
文摘A 20 wt% Ni/bentonite catalyst was prepared by a solution combustion synthesis (SCS), which exhibited higher activity for the CO_2methanation than that of an impregnation method (IPM), and the catalyst prepared by SCS showed a CO_2 conversion of 85% and a CH4selectivity of 100% at 300 °C, atmospheric pressure, and 3600 ml·(g cat)-1·h-1, and the catalyst exhibited stable within a 110-h reaction. The results showed higher me- tallic Ni dispersion, smaller Ni particle size, larger specific surface area and lower reduction temperature in the Ni/ bentonite prepared by SCS than that of IPM. And the Ni/bentonite prepared by the SCS moderated the interaction between NiO and bentonite.
