Beniseed is an important oilseed, with high oil content and nutrient composition. The effect of processing (roasting, soaking, boiling, and germination) on proximate, mineral composition, anti-nutrients and functional...Beniseed is an important oilseed, with high oil content and nutrient composition. The effect of processing (roasting, soaking, boiling, and germination) on proximate, mineral composition, anti-nutrients and functional properties of the beniseed flour were analysed. Also the sensory properties of cookies from blends of wheat and beniseed flours were determined. The results showed that moisture, fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, ash and crude fibre contents of the flours were significantly different and ranged from 3.20% - 4.79%, 34.34% - 50.43%, 15.19% - 30.65%, 18.90% - 22.16%, 4.54% - 6.01% and 4.30% - 7.59%, respectively. Processing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the anti-nutritional factors and germination gave the highest mineral values in the beniseed flours. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming stability, foaming capacity and swelling index, ranged from 1.00 - 1.28, 1.10 - 1.13, 98.72 - 108.82, 2.94 - 19.80 and 1.14 - 1.54 respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that 20% soaked beniseed flour substitution of wheat had no significant difference with 100% wheat cookies. Germinated sample gave a more desired nutrient composition (low fat and carbohydrate, high protein and mineral composition) but performed poorly in sensory attributes. In conclusion, beniseed gave a good flour blend with wheat in baked products, also further processing of the germinated flour to improve the appearance will give more nutritious cookies.展开更多
This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso C...This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Trails were conducted at six experimental sites, sorghum yield response to N and P fertilizers application and economically optimum rates of nitrogen (EONR) and phosphorus (EOPR) were evaluated on a vertisols within the semi-arid Miesso districts west Hararge zone of Oromia region. The nutrient rates in 2014 cropping season four levels of Nitrogen (N) alone, these levels with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> Phosphorus (P) and without N, 69 kg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> N with three levels of P treatments including the zero control were evaluated. In 2015, cropping season similar rates of N alone, the same rate N with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> P, 92 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> N with three rates of P including the zero control were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in factorial design. Nutrient responses of sorghum were determined using asymptotic quadratic plateau functions. The significantly highest nitrogen rate was 46 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> alone in 2014 season, which gave grain yield of 2.56 Mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>with a maximum yield advantage of 43%. P rates in both seasons and combined (sites + seasons) were not significantly influenced sorghum yield. Nitrogen agronomic and partial factor productivity peaked at 23 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> but declined with increasing N rate. The EONR combined (sites + seasons) were 37, 45, 52 and 60 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>and for the profit to cost ratio (PCR) were 2.43, 3.65, 4.86 and 5.79 at difference cost to grain price ratios (CP) = 3.6, 2.3, 1.6 and 1.2 respectively at Miesso Ethiopia. Nitrogen application had economically profitable than P. The study concluded that the application of N at 37 or 60 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> to sorghum production could be economically profitable for those economically constrained farmers or economically not constrained farmers. Validation should be farther conducted on farmers’ fields for refining the results obtained.展开更多
为了解陕西葡萄酒产区土壤养分丰缺状况,采集陕北高原、渭北旱塬、关中平原、陕南山岭4个子产区共17家酒庄的0~20、20~40、40~60 cm 3个深度的土壤样品,测定土壤理化指标,分析土壤养分含量差异,并通过隶属度函数和主成分分析对不同产区...为了解陕西葡萄酒产区土壤养分丰缺状况,采集陕北高原、渭北旱塬、关中平原、陕南山岭4个子产区共17家酒庄的0~20、20~40、40~60 cm 3个深度的土壤样品,测定土壤理化指标,分析土壤养分含量差异,并通过隶属度函数和主成分分析对不同产区的土壤综合肥力状况进行评价。结果表明,陕西葡萄酒产区土壤容重均值大于1.50 g·cm^(-3),呈现南低北高的趋势。陕北高原子产区土壤为碱性,砂粒占比超过80%,质地为砂土;关中平原子产区土壤为中性,其余子产区为弱碱性,质地为壤土。陕西葡萄酒产区土壤养分状况南北差异显著,主要呈现由北向南先增加后减少的趋势。表层土壤有机质、全氮和全磷达到3级及以上的区域分别占45.10%、62.74%、54.90%,深层土壤多数处于养分匮乏状况;钾含量整体较为丰富。土壤综合肥力指数得分依次为:关中平原>陕南山岭>渭北旱塬>陕北高原。土壤全氮和有机质为土壤肥力主要限制因子。展开更多
目的分析新生儿高胆红素血症(neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,NHB)的影响因素,基于这些因素构建预测模型并进行验证。方法回顾性纳入2022年2月至2023年2月唐山市妇幼保健院收治的155例NHB新生儿作为NHB组,并纳入同期在唐山市妇幼保健院出...目的分析新生儿高胆红素血症(neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,NHB)的影响因素,基于这些因素构建预测模型并进行验证。方法回顾性纳入2022年2月至2023年2月唐山市妇幼保健院收治的155例NHB新生儿作为NHB组,并纳入同期在唐山市妇幼保健院出生的186例健康新生儿作为非NHB组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析评价新生儿肠道微生物群、肠道屏障功能和免疫相关营养素等指标与NHB发生风险之间的关系,并构建列线图预测模型,采用R 4.2.3软件中的C指数(C-index)、受试者工作特征(receiver operating curve,ROC)曲线及校准曲线评价该模型对NHB发生风险的预测效能。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果与非NHB组比较,NHB组胎龄<37周、羊水污染新生儿占比均较高(P值均<0.05);肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)丰度均较大(P值均<0.001);肠道屏障功能[二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素]水平均较高(P值均<0.001);免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)水平均较低(P值均<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)丰度升高、肠道屏障功能(DAO、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素)升高、免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)降低均是新生儿发生NHB的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)、肠道屏障功能(DAO、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素)、免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)预测新生儿发生NHB的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值均>0.600,OR>1,说明上述指标对于NHB发生具有较好的预测价值。基于以上影响因素建立列线图预测模型,校准曲线C指数为0.953,说明该预测模型区分度较好;预测模型的AUC值为0.998(95%CI:0.996-1.000),说明该预测模型具有良好的预测效能。结论肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)、肠道屏障功能(DAO、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素)升高、免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)降低均是新生儿发生NHB的独立危险因素。基于肠道微生物群、肠道屏障功能及免疫相关营养素等多维度危险因素构建的列线图预测模型可直观、精准地预测NHB的发生风险,为临床早期筛查与干预提供了参考。展开更多
Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to ge...Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to get this information. 27 soil samples with various soil depths were collected from paddy field, woodland and tea field in subtropical central China, anaerobically incubated at 35°C for 7 weeks to determine N mineralization, which was fitted by a modified double exponential model with two parameters (the fraction of active N pool (f) and mineralization rate constant (k) for active N pool). The PTFs for parameters were developed from significant soil properties using multiple stepwise regression method. Parameter f (range: 1.59% - 10.4%, mean: 5.2%) was mainly correlated with soil total N (TN), organic C (SOC), sand and silt particle contents (r = -0.59 - 0.69, p k (range: 0.027 - 0.155 d-1, mean: 0.97 d-1) was significantly related to TN, SOC, clay content, C to N ratio and pH (r = -0.6 - 0.71, p f (R2 = 0.72, p TN and pH) for parameter k (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The developed PTFs, integrating various land uses and soil depths, suggest that basic soil properties are helpful for estimation of anaerobic soil N mineralization.展开更多
The use of balanced fertilizers in adequate amount is very important to increase crop productivity and production in Ethiopia. The study was executed to quantify maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield response to different r...The use of balanced fertilizers in adequate amount is very important to increase crop productivity and production in Ethiopia. The study was executed to quantify maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield response to different rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) under balanced fertilization of other nutrients. On farm trials were conducted at seven sites on 8 farmers’ fields in Negele Arsi districts, west Arsi zone of Oromia region for three consecutive cropping seasons (2014-2016). Six rates of N, P, S and eight rates of K treatments established separately for each nutrient were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates per farm. Nutrient response function modelling showed that 184, 20 and 80 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> were the agronomic optimum rate for N, P, and K, respectively. Mean agronomic efficiency (AE) of N, P and K were recorded at the lower rates of these nutrients, application of 46, 10 and 20 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> N, P and K resulted in 19.1, 61.0, and 24 kg additional grain yield•kg<sup>−1</sup> N, P and K, respectively. Also, the mean partial factor productivity (PFP) of N, P and K were 77.6, 370 and 158 kg additional grain•kg<sup>−1</sup> applied N, P and K respectively. Economically optimal rate (EOR) of N, P and K were 48 - 114 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> N with CP 8 - 3.5, 12 - 20 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> P with CP 18 - 4.5 and 32 - 53 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> K with CP 8-4, from these rates net returns of US$487.23 - 143.30, US$698.16 - 498.3 and US$359.31 - 193.63 could be obtained respectively. To conclude, application of 84, 12 and 40 kg•ha<sup>−1 </sup>N, P and K could be recommended for the production of maize.展开更多
AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD ...AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD patients and controls in a Mexican population. METHODS: Twenty FD-Rome Ⅱ patients were matched by age and gender with 20 healthy controls. All underwent both drinking tests at a 15 mL/min rate, randomly, 7 d apart. Every 5 min within each test, four symptoms were evaluated (satiety, bloating, nausea and pain) by Likert scales. Maximum tolerated volume (MTV) was defined as the ingested volume when a score of 5 was reached for any symptom or when the test had to be stopped because the patients could not tolerate more volume. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: FD patients had higher symptom scores for both tests compared to controls (water: t= 4.1, P= 0.001 ＜0.01; Nutren(R): t= 5.2, P= 0.001＜0.01). The MTV forwater and Nutren(R) were significantly lower in FD (water: 1014±288 vs 1749±275 mL; t = 7.9, P = 0.001＜0.01;Nutren(R): 652±168 vs 1278±286 mL; t= 6.7, P = 0.001＜0.01). With the volume tolerated by the controls, the percentile 10 was determined as the lower limit fortolerance. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.90, 0.95 for water and 0.95, 0.95 for Nutren(R) tests.CONCLUSION: A drinking test with water or a nutritional beverage can discriminate between FD patients and healthy subjects in Mexico, with high sensitivity and specificity. These tests could be used as objective, noninvasive, and safe diagnostic approaches for FD patients.展开更多
The aim of this study was to test the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on durum wheat growth and soil microbial functionalities in a field inoculation trial conducted in Moroc...The aim of this study was to test the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on durum wheat growth and soil microbial functionalities in a field inoculation trial conducted in Morocco. The results showed that i) the R. irregularis inoculum effectively improved wheat growth, ii) wheat growth promotion depended on the soil mycorrhizal infectivity and iii) functional abilities of soil microflora depended on AMF inoculation. This study confirms that field AMF inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice in wheat production and as a sustainable cultural practice to manage soil biofunctioning. To fully promote inoculation practices, a better knowledge of AMF ecology has to be acquired to better adapt AMF inoculation to environmental conditions, and thus warrant better yields and agricultural sustainability.展开更多
In complex feed structures, there exist main chemical functional groups which are associated with nutrient utilization and availability and functionality. Each functional group has unique molecular structure therefore...In complex feed structures, there exist main chemical functional groups which are associated with nutrient utilization and availability and functionality. Each functional group has unique molecular structure therefore produce unique molecular vibration spectral profile. Feed processing has been used to improve nutrient utilization for many years. However, to date, there was little study on processing-induced changes of feed intrinsic structure and functional groups on a molecular basis within intact tissue. This is because limited research technique is available to study inherent structure on a molecular basis. Recently bioanalytical techniques： such as Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy as well as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform molecular spectroscopy have been developed. These techniques enable to detect molecular structure change within intact tissues. These techniques can prevent destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures during processing for analysis. However, these techniques have not been used in animal feed and nutrition research. The objective of this review was show that with the advanced technique, sensitivity and responses of functional groups to feed processing on a molecular basis could be detected in my research team. These functional groups are highly associated with nutrient utilization in animals.展开更多
文摘Beniseed is an important oilseed, with high oil content and nutrient composition. The effect of processing (roasting, soaking, boiling, and germination) on proximate, mineral composition, anti-nutrients and functional properties of the beniseed flour were analysed. Also the sensory properties of cookies from blends of wheat and beniseed flours were determined. The results showed that moisture, fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, ash and crude fibre contents of the flours were significantly different and ranged from 3.20% - 4.79%, 34.34% - 50.43%, 15.19% - 30.65%, 18.90% - 22.16%, 4.54% - 6.01% and 4.30% - 7.59%, respectively. Processing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the anti-nutritional factors and germination gave the highest mineral values in the beniseed flours. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming stability, foaming capacity and swelling index, ranged from 1.00 - 1.28, 1.10 - 1.13, 98.72 - 108.82, 2.94 - 19.80 and 1.14 - 1.54 respectively. Sensory evaluation showed that 20% soaked beniseed flour substitution of wheat had no significant difference with 100% wheat cookies. Germinated sample gave a more desired nutrient composition (low fat and carbohydrate, high protein and mineral composition) but performed poorly in sensory attributes. In conclusion, beniseed gave a good flour blend with wheat in baked products, also further processing of the germinated flour to improve the appearance will give more nutritious cookies.
文摘This study was executed to offer the basis for optimized profit from fertilizer use for sorghum yield and to determine robust crop nutrient response function and economic rate for the production of sorghum at Miesso Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Trails were conducted at six experimental sites, sorghum yield response to N and P fertilizers application and economically optimum rates of nitrogen (EONR) and phosphorus (EOPR) were evaluated on a vertisols within the semi-arid Miesso districts west Hararge zone of Oromia region. The nutrient rates in 2014 cropping season four levels of Nitrogen (N) alone, these levels with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> Phosphorus (P) and without N, 69 kg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup> N with three levels of P treatments including the zero control were evaluated. In 2015, cropping season similar rates of N alone, the same rate N with 20 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> P, 92 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> N with three rates of P including the zero control were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications in factorial design. Nutrient responses of sorghum were determined using asymptotic quadratic plateau functions. The significantly highest nitrogen rate was 46 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span> alone in 2014 season, which gave grain yield of 2.56 Mg<span style="white-space:nowrap;">·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>with a maximum yield advantage of 43%. P rates in both seasons and combined (sites + seasons) were not significantly influenced sorghum yield. Nitrogen agronomic and partial factor productivity peaked at 23 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> but declined with increasing N rate. The EONR combined (sites + seasons) were 37, 45, 52 and 60 <span style="white-space:nowrap;">kg·ha<sup>−1</sup></span><sup> </sup>and for the profit to cost ratio (PCR) were 2.43, 3.65, 4.86 and 5.79 at difference cost to grain price ratios (CP) = 3.6, 2.3, 1.6 and 1.2 respectively at Miesso Ethiopia. Nitrogen application had economically profitable than P. The study concluded that the application of N at 37 or 60 kg N <span style="white-space:nowrap;">ha<sup>−1</sup></span> to sorghum production could be economically profitable for those economically constrained farmers or economically not constrained farmers. Validation should be farther conducted on farmers’ fields for refining the results obtained.
文摘为了解陕西葡萄酒产区土壤养分丰缺状况,采集陕北高原、渭北旱塬、关中平原、陕南山岭4个子产区共17家酒庄的0~20、20~40、40~60 cm 3个深度的土壤样品,测定土壤理化指标,分析土壤养分含量差异,并通过隶属度函数和主成分分析对不同产区的土壤综合肥力状况进行评价。结果表明,陕西葡萄酒产区土壤容重均值大于1.50 g·cm^(-3),呈现南低北高的趋势。陕北高原子产区土壤为碱性,砂粒占比超过80%,质地为砂土;关中平原子产区土壤为中性,其余子产区为弱碱性,质地为壤土。陕西葡萄酒产区土壤养分状况南北差异显著,主要呈现由北向南先增加后减少的趋势。表层土壤有机质、全氮和全磷达到3级及以上的区域分别占45.10%、62.74%、54.90%,深层土壤多数处于养分匮乏状况;钾含量整体较为丰富。土壤综合肥力指数得分依次为:关中平原>陕南山岭>渭北旱塬>陕北高原。土壤全氮和有机质为土壤肥力主要限制因子。
文摘目的分析新生儿高胆红素血症(neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,NHB)的影响因素,基于这些因素构建预测模型并进行验证。方法回顾性纳入2022年2月至2023年2月唐山市妇幼保健院收治的155例NHB新生儿作为NHB组,并纳入同期在唐山市妇幼保健院出生的186例健康新生儿作为非NHB组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析评价新生儿肠道微生物群、肠道屏障功能和免疫相关营养素等指标与NHB发生风险之间的关系,并构建列线图预测模型,采用R 4.2.3软件中的C指数(C-index)、受试者工作特征(receiver operating curve,ROC)曲线及校准曲线评价该模型对NHB发生风险的预测效能。统计学方法采用独立样本t检验、χ^(2)检验。结果与非NHB组比较,NHB组胎龄<37周、羊水污染新生儿占比均较高(P值均<0.05);肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)丰度均较大(P值均<0.001);肠道屏障功能[二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素]水平均较高(P值均<0.001);免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)水平均较低(P值均<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)丰度升高、肠道屏障功能(DAO、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素)升高、免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)降低均是新生儿发生NHB的独立危险因素(P值均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)、肠道屏障功能(DAO、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素)、免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)预测新生儿发生NHB的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值均>0.600,OR>1,说明上述指标对于NHB发生具有较好的预测价值。基于以上影响因素建立列线图预测模型,校准曲线C指数为0.953,说明该预测模型区分度较好;预测模型的AUC值为0.998(95%CI:0.996-1.000),说明该预测模型具有良好的预测效能。结论肠道微生物群(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠杆菌)、肠道屏障功能(DAO、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素)升高、免疫相关营养素(维生素A、精氨酸、锌)降低均是新生儿发生NHB的独立危险因素。基于肠道微生物群、肠道屏障功能及免疫相关营养素等多维度危险因素构建的列线图预测模型可直观、精准地预测NHB的发生风险,为临床早期筛查与干预提供了参考。
文摘Knowledge of potential anaerobic soil N mineralization is important for nitrogen fertilizer application. Instead of time-consuming laboratory incubation, we attempt to use pedo-transfer functions (PTFs) approach to get this information. 27 soil samples with various soil depths were collected from paddy field, woodland and tea field in subtropical central China, anaerobically incubated at 35°C for 7 weeks to determine N mineralization, which was fitted by a modified double exponential model with two parameters (the fraction of active N pool (f) and mineralization rate constant (k) for active N pool). The PTFs for parameters were developed from significant soil properties using multiple stepwise regression method. Parameter f (range: 1.59% - 10.4%, mean: 5.2%) was mainly correlated with soil total N (TN), organic C (SOC), sand and silt particle contents (r = -0.59 - 0.69, p k (range: 0.027 - 0.155 d-1, mean: 0.97 d-1) was significantly related to TN, SOC, clay content, C to N ratio and pH (r = -0.6 - 0.71, p f (R2 = 0.72, p TN and pH) for parameter k (R2 = 0.61, p < 0.01). The developed PTFs, integrating various land uses and soil depths, suggest that basic soil properties are helpful for estimation of anaerobic soil N mineralization.
文摘The use of balanced fertilizers in adequate amount is very important to increase crop productivity and production in Ethiopia. The study was executed to quantify maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield response to different rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S) under balanced fertilization of other nutrients. On farm trials were conducted at seven sites on 8 farmers’ fields in Negele Arsi districts, west Arsi zone of Oromia region for three consecutive cropping seasons (2014-2016). Six rates of N, P, S and eight rates of K treatments established separately for each nutrient were laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates per farm. Nutrient response function modelling showed that 184, 20 and 80 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> were the agronomic optimum rate for N, P, and K, respectively. Mean agronomic efficiency (AE) of N, P and K were recorded at the lower rates of these nutrients, application of 46, 10 and 20 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> N, P and K resulted in 19.1, 61.0, and 24 kg additional grain yield•kg<sup>−1</sup> N, P and K, respectively. Also, the mean partial factor productivity (PFP) of N, P and K were 77.6, 370 and 158 kg additional grain•kg<sup>−1</sup> applied N, P and K respectively. Economically optimal rate (EOR) of N, P and K were 48 - 114 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> N with CP 8 - 3.5, 12 - 20 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> P with CP 18 - 4.5 and 32 - 53 kg•ha<sup>−1</sup> K with CP 8-4, from these rates net returns of US$487.23 - 143.30, US$698.16 - 498.3 and US$359.31 - 193.63 could be obtained respectively. To conclude, application of 84, 12 and 40 kg•ha<sup>−1 </sup>N, P and K could be recommended for the production of maize.
文摘AIM: Recently, drinking load tests with water or nutritional beverages have been proposed as diagnostic tools for functional dyspepsia (FD), therefore we sought to reproduce if these tests can discriminate between FD patients and controls in a Mexican population. METHODS: Twenty FD-Rome Ⅱ patients were matched by age and gender with 20 healthy controls. All underwent both drinking tests at a 15 mL/min rate, randomly, 7 d apart. Every 5 min within each test, four symptoms were evaluated (satiety, bloating, nausea and pain) by Likert scales. Maximum tolerated volume (MTV) was defined as the ingested volume when a score of 5 was reached for any symptom or when the test had to be stopped because the patients could not tolerate more volume. Sensitivity and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS: FD patients had higher symptom scores for both tests compared to controls (water: t= 4.1, P= 0.001 ＜0.01; Nutren(R): t= 5.2, P= 0.001＜0.01). The MTV forwater and Nutren(R) were significantly lower in FD (water: 1014±288 vs 1749±275 mL; t = 7.9, P = 0.001＜0.01;Nutren(R): 652±168 vs 1278±286 mL; t= 6.7, P = 0.001＜0.01). With the volume tolerated by the controls, the percentile 10 was determined as the lower limit fortolerance. Sensitivity and specificity were 0.90, 0.95 for water and 0.95, 0.95 for Nutren(R) tests.CONCLUSION: A drinking test with water or a nutritional beverage can discriminate between FD patients and healthy subjects in Mexico, with high sensitivity and specificity. These tests could be used as objective, noninvasive, and safe diagnostic approaches for FD patients.
文摘The aim of this study was to test the impact of Rhizophagus irregularis, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on durum wheat growth and soil microbial functionalities in a field inoculation trial conducted in Morocco. The results showed that i) the R. irregularis inoculum effectively improved wheat growth, ii) wheat growth promotion depended on the soil mycorrhizal infectivity and iii) functional abilities of soil microflora depended on AMF inoculation. This study confirms that field AMF inoculation can be proposed as an effective agronomic practice in wheat production and as a sustainable cultural practice to manage soil biofunctioning. To fully promote inoculation practices, a better knowledge of AMF ecology has to be acquired to better adapt AMF inoculation to environmental conditions, and thus warrant better yields and agricultural sustainability.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)SaskCanola Funding+1 种基金Saskatchewan Agricultural Development Fund (ADF)Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Fund (Saskatchewan,Canada)
文摘In complex feed structures, there exist main chemical functional groups which are associated with nutrient utilization and availability and functionality. Each functional group has unique molecular structure therefore produce unique molecular vibration spectral profile. Feed processing has been used to improve nutrient utilization for many years. However, to date, there was little study on processing-induced changes of feed intrinsic structure and functional groups on a molecular basis within intact tissue. This is because limited research technique is available to study inherent structure on a molecular basis. Recently bioanalytical techniques： such as Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy as well as Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform molecular spectroscopy have been developed. These techniques enable to detect molecular structure change within intact tissues. These techniques can prevent destruction or alteration of the intrinsic protein structures during processing for analysis. However, these techniques have not been used in animal feed and nutrition research. The objective of this review was show that with the advanced technique, sensitivity and responses of functional groups to feed processing on a molecular basis could be detected in my research team. These functional groups are highly associated with nutrient utilization in animals.
