In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availabil...In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours and maintenance factor are used for the measurement of inherent reliability. By statistical analysis of historical reliability data, the statistical maintenance factor and the undetermined parameter in its numerical model can be determined. The numerical model based on the main- tenance factor predicts the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours, and the planed outage factor can be obtained by using the planned maintenance days. Using these factors, the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power units in the following 3 years can be obtained. Besides, the equivalent availability factor can be predicted by using the historical statistics of planed outage factor and the predicted equivalent avail- ability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours. The accuracy of the reliability prediction can be evaluated according to the comparison between the predicted and statistical equivalent availability factors. Furthermore, the reliability prediction method is validated using the nuclear power units in North American Electric Reliability Council （NERC） and China. It is found that the relative errors of the predicted equivalent availability factors for nuclear power units of NERC and China are in the range of-2.16% to 5.23% and -2.15% to 3.71%, respectively. The method proposed can effectively predict the reliability index in the following 3 years, thus providing effective reliability management and mainte- nance optimization methods for nuclear power units.展开更多
Primary frequency regulation is one of the important regulation means to maintain the stable operation of the power grid, and for a single unit, especially the nuclear power unit, the frequency regulation process is a...Primary frequency regulation is one of the important regulation means to maintain the stable operation of the power grid, and for a single unit, especially the nuclear power unit, the frequency regulation process is an unstable factor. With the increasing capacity of nuclear motor assembly machine, it is bound to shoulder the heavy responsibility of peak shaving and frequency modulation. However, its own particularity determines that it cannot be as flexible as thermal power plants and other power plants in terms of frequency modulation, and it is necessary to find a balance between maintaining the stability of the power grid and the safe and stable operation of units. Taking 650MW nuclear power steam turbine unit as an example, this paper introduces and analyzes in detail the control principle, control process, frequency modulation parameter setting of its primary frequency modulation, as well as the adverse effects of reactor protection actions such as reactor over power that may be caused by transient events and primary frequency modulation process. By taking technical measures such as adjusting the mode of primary frequency modulation operation, we can reduce the impact of external network faults on the unit, summarize the experience of transient disposal, and improve the plan, improve the ability of the main control operator to judge and deal with the transient, so as to ensure that the unit can meet the requirements of the primary frequency modulation response of the power grid on the basis of safe and stable operation.展开更多
The paper expresses the view that China's essential way out for developing nuclear power lies in localization of manu facture, based on her technical level and capability in designing and manufacturing nuclear pow...The paper expresses the view that China's essential way out for developing nuclear power lies in localization of manu facture, based on her technical level and capability in designing and manufacturing nuclear power equipment. Moreover, the paper opines that domestically manufactured nuclear power equipment has a certain competitive potential with respect to quality and price, the crux lying in the neces sity of reforming the management system of nuclear power.展开更多
Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs)...Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs). It is solved thanks to the application of deeply echeloned protection and an anti-accident complex of methods and means for effective control of the operation of active reactor zones (AZR). However, the danger of existing NPPs in the world from time to time manifests itself in the form of severe post-project accidents and catastrophes with the release into the environment of a significant amount of radioactive materials dangerous for all living things. The results of the analysis show that the unconditional fulfillment of the main requirements of nuclear environmental safety and biocompatibility is possible only in the so-called wave nuclear reactor of the G-V generation, which, unlike reactors of the previous generations III, II+ and IV, does not require supercritical loading of the core with nuclear fuel. In the active zone of this reactor, nuclear-physical processes governed by physical law are implemented, which exclude the operator’s participation in regulating the reactivity of the reactor’s active zone, which makes it the reactor with the highest level of nuclear and environmental safety today, which is based on the principles of so-called internal safety, free from the human factor. The possibility of burning nuclear fuel based on U238 and Th232 in it expands the reserves of energetic nuclear fuel almost to inexhaustibility. The technology of nuclear reactors of the G5 generation through the secondary use of spent irradiated nuclear fuel (SNF) for the production of energy and energy raw materials with simultaneous burning of it to an environmentally safe state is able to quickly reduce the available stocks and further production of dangerous SNF, guarantee the nuclear and environmental safety of NPPs with reactors G5 and to technologically make nuclear post-project accidents and disasters impossible at the level of physical law with the complete elimination of the human factor.展开更多
核电作为一种清洁能源,对优化我国能源结构、保障能源安全、助力实现“双碳”目标具有重要作用,而核电机组的安全运行尤其重要。文中使用CiteSpace 6.1.6软件对2009-2024年中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和Web...核电作为一种清洁能源,对优化我国能源结构、保障能源安全、助力实现“双碳”目标具有重要作用,而核电机组的安全运行尤其重要。文中使用CiteSpace 6.1.6软件对2009-2024年中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库的核电机组故障诊断相关研究进行量化分析。研究表明:该领域国内发文以研究院为主体,国际文献则由高校领衔;故障诊断技术从专家驱动向数据驱动转变,热点趋势归纳为在线监测/性能监测-预防性维修-机器学习/主成分分析-深度学习/卷积神经网络;核电厂的数字化进程热点为仪控系统-人因工程-智能运维-数字孪生。根据文献结果分析可知,未来人工智能算法在核电故障诊断领域的应用有助于提高故障诊断精度、增强故障可解释性。展开更多
文摘In this paper a novel method for reliability prediction and validation of nuclear power units in service is proposed. The equivalent availability factor is used to measure the reliability, and the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours and maintenance factor are used for the measurement of inherent reliability. By statistical analysis of historical reliability data, the statistical maintenance factor and the undetermined parameter in its numerical model can be determined. The numerical model based on the main- tenance factor predicts the equivalent availability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours, and the planed outage factor can be obtained by using the planned maintenance days. Using these factors, the equivalent availability factor of nuclear power units in the following 3 years can be obtained. Besides, the equivalent availability factor can be predicted by using the historical statistics of planed outage factor and the predicted equivalent avail- ability factor deducting planed outage hours from period hours. The accuracy of the reliability prediction can be evaluated according to the comparison between the predicted and statistical equivalent availability factors. Furthermore, the reliability prediction method is validated using the nuclear power units in North American Electric Reliability Council （NERC） and China. It is found that the relative errors of the predicted equivalent availability factors for nuclear power units of NERC and China are in the range of-2.16% to 5.23% and -2.15% to 3.71%, respectively. The method proposed can effectively predict the reliability index in the following 3 years, thus providing effective reliability management and mainte- nance optimization methods for nuclear power units.
文摘Primary frequency regulation is one of the important regulation means to maintain the stable operation of the power grid, and for a single unit, especially the nuclear power unit, the frequency regulation process is an unstable factor. With the increasing capacity of nuclear motor assembly machine, it is bound to shoulder the heavy responsibility of peak shaving and frequency modulation. However, its own particularity determines that it cannot be as flexible as thermal power plants and other power plants in terms of frequency modulation, and it is necessary to find a balance between maintaining the stability of the power grid and the safe and stable operation of units. Taking 650MW nuclear power steam turbine unit as an example, this paper introduces and analyzes in detail the control principle, control process, frequency modulation parameter setting of its primary frequency modulation, as well as the adverse effects of reactor protection actions such as reactor over power that may be caused by transient events and primary frequency modulation process. By taking technical measures such as adjusting the mode of primary frequency modulation operation, we can reduce the impact of external network faults on the unit, summarize the experience of transient disposal, and improve the plan, improve the ability of the main control operator to judge and deal with the transient, so as to ensure that the unit can meet the requirements of the primary frequency modulation response of the power grid on the basis of safe and stable operation.
文摘The paper expresses the view that China's essential way out for developing nuclear power lies in localization of manu facture, based on her technical level and capability in designing and manufacturing nuclear power equipment. Moreover, the paper opines that domestically manufactured nuclear power equipment has a certain competitive potential with respect to quality and price, the crux lying in the neces sity of reforming the management system of nuclear power.
文摘Today, the most urgent problem of the existing and future nuclear power industry is to ensure the nuclear and environmental safety of the operation of nuclear power reactor units (NPPs) and nuclear power plants (NPPs). It is solved thanks to the application of deeply echeloned protection and an anti-accident complex of methods and means for effective control of the operation of active reactor zones (AZR). However, the danger of existing NPPs in the world from time to time manifests itself in the form of severe post-project accidents and catastrophes with the release into the environment of a significant amount of radioactive materials dangerous for all living things. The results of the analysis show that the unconditional fulfillment of the main requirements of nuclear environmental safety and biocompatibility is possible only in the so-called wave nuclear reactor of the G-V generation, which, unlike reactors of the previous generations III, II+ and IV, does not require supercritical loading of the core with nuclear fuel. In the active zone of this reactor, nuclear-physical processes governed by physical law are implemented, which exclude the operator’s participation in regulating the reactivity of the reactor’s active zone, which makes it the reactor with the highest level of nuclear and environmental safety today, which is based on the principles of so-called internal safety, free from the human factor. The possibility of burning nuclear fuel based on U238 and Th232 in it expands the reserves of energetic nuclear fuel almost to inexhaustibility. The technology of nuclear reactors of the G5 generation through the secondary use of spent irradiated nuclear fuel (SNF) for the production of energy and energy raw materials with simultaneous burning of it to an environmentally safe state is able to quickly reduce the available stocks and further production of dangerous SNF, guarantee the nuclear and environmental safety of NPPs with reactors G5 and to technologically make nuclear post-project accidents and disasters impossible at the level of physical law with the complete elimination of the human factor.
文摘核电作为一种清洁能源,对优化我国能源结构、保障能源安全、助力实现“双碳”目标具有重要作用,而核电机组的安全运行尤其重要。文中使用CiteSpace 6.1.6软件对2009-2024年中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库的核电机组故障诊断相关研究进行量化分析。研究表明:该领域国内发文以研究院为主体,国际文献则由高校领衔;故障诊断技术从专家驱动向数据驱动转变,热点趋势归纳为在线监测/性能监测-预防性维修-机器学习/主成分分析-深度学习/卷积神经网络;核电厂的数字化进程热点为仪控系统-人因工程-智能运维-数字孪生。根据文献结果分析可知,未来人工智能算法在核电故障诊断领域的应用有助于提高故障诊断精度、增强故障可解释性。
